their own laboratories, or from olher specialized agencies, such as universities. After the superior qualities of the same, from the points of view, such as adjustment to climate, resistance to diseases, improved productivity, are firmly established, foundation seeds are grown from breed seeds, under controlled conditions and strict supervision. Thereafter, the foundation seed is given to selected farmers for multiplication of the same. Here again, strict supervision is undertaken to ensure genetic purity etc. The seeds so produced by the farmer is taken back by the manu{acturer. lt is graded and sent for certification by the competent certifying agency, as to the genetic purity and percentage of germination. On certification, by the competent authority, the seed becomes certified seed. In certain cases, the manufacturer may himselt vouch for such factors. The package or container of such seed is required to bear the necessary pafiiculars, provided for, in the Seeds Rules.