Allowed

Arjun Sain v. State of Ut Chd.

Punjab & Haryana HC4 Aug 2023CRM-M/29089/2023

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

This High Court granted bail to the petitioner in a cyber-crime case (Sections 384, 420, 468, 471, 509 IPC and IT Act sections) pending trial. The court imposed stringent conditions, including a personal bond, alternative surety options via fixed deposit, and a unique restriction limiting the petitioner to only one prepaid mobile number (linked to Aadhaar) to prevent flight risk and communication

What did the court decide?

Petitioner released on bail subject to conditions including personal bond, one prepaid SIM restriction, and reporting requirements.

Arjun Sain Vs State of Ut Chd. — Bail and Remand | Punjab & Haryana HC (2023)

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CRM-M-29089-2023

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH

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CRM-M-29089-2023

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Reserved on: 24.07.2023 Pronounced on: 04.08.2023

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Arjun Sain ...Petitioner

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Versus

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State of U.T (Chandigarh) …Respondent

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CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ANOOP CHITKARA

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Present: Mr. Manjot S. Gujral, Advocate for the petitioner.

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Mr. Deepinder Brar, Addl. P.P. for UT Chandigarh.

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ANOOP CHITKARA, J.

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FIR No.	Dated	Police Station	Sections
0033	03.09.2022	Cyber Crime, District	384, 420, 468, 471, 509 & 120-B IPC (Section 66 D & 67 of Information Technology Act 2000 and Section 14
		Chandigarh	of Foreigner Act

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The petitioner, incarcerating upon his arrest in the FIR captioned above, has come up before this Court under Section 439 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) seeking bail.

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In paragraph 20 of the bail application, the accused declares the following criminal antecedents:

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Sr. No.	FIR No.	Date	Offences	Police Station
1.	395	31.05.2022	354 D, 506, 509 IPC and 66/D read with Section 43(a),67 A of IT Act	Cyber Crime, Visakhapatna, Andhra Pradesh	District State
2.	478	15.10.2022	67 A of IT Act	Cyber Crime, Visakhapatna, Andhra Pradesh	District State

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Petitioner's counsel prays for bail by imposing any stringent conditions and is also voluntarily agreeable to the condition that till the conclusion of the trial before the trial court, the petitioner shall keep only one mobile number, which is mentioned in AADHAR card, and within fifteen days of release from prison undertakes to disconnect all other

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JYOTI 2023.08.04 15:39 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this order/judgment.

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CRM-M-29089-2023

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mobile numbers. The petitioner contends that the further pre-trial incarceration would cause an irreversible injustice to the petitioner and family.

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While opposing bail, the State contends that given the criminal past, the accused is likely to indulge in crime once released on bail.

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REASONING:

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In Maulana Mohd Amir Rashadi v. State of U.P., (2012) 3 SCC 382, Hon’ble Supreme Court holds,

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[10] It is not in dispute and highlighted that the second respondent is a sitting Member of Parliament facing several criminal cases. It is also not in dispute that most of the cases ended in acquittal for want of proper witnesses or pending trial. As observed by the High Court, merely on the basis of criminal antecedents, the claim of the second respondent cannot be rejected. In other words, it is the duty of the Court to find out the role of the accused in the case in which he has been charged and other circumstances such as possibility of fleeing away from the jurisdiction of the Court etc.

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While considering each bail petition of the accused with a criminal history, it throws an onerous responsibility upon the Courts to act judiciously with reasonableness because arbitrariness is the antithesis of law. The criminal history must be of cases where the accused was convicted, including the suspended sentences and all pending First Information Reports, wherein the bail petitioner stands arraigned as an accused. In reckoning the number of cases as criminal history, the prosecutions resulting in acquittal or discharge, or when Courts quashed the FIR; the prosecution stands withdrawn, or prosecution filed a closure report; cannot be included. Although crime is to be despised and not the criminal, yet for a recidivist, the contours of a playing field are marshy, and graver the criminal history, slushier the puddles.

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Given the fact that all co-accused stand released on bail and that as per the petitioner’s case he is not the principal accused, penal provisions invoked viz-a-viz pretrial custody, coupled with the primafacie analysis of the nature of allegations, and the other factors peculiar to this case, there would be no justifiability further pre-trial incarceration at this stage, subject to the compliance of terms and conditions mentioned in this order. Thus, the previous criminal history of the petitioner is not being considered strictly at this stage as a factor for denying bail.

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JYOTI 2023.08.04 15:39 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this order/judgment.

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CRM-M-29089-2023

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In Sanjay Chandra v. Central Bureau of Investigation, (2012) 1 SCC 40, Supreme Court holds,

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[28] We are conscious of the fact that the accused are charged with economic offences of huge magnitude. We are also conscious of the fact that the offences alleged, if proved, may jeopardize the economy of the country. At the same time, we cannot lose sight of the fact that the investigating agency has already completed investigation and the charge sheet is already filed before the Special Judge, CBI, New Delhi. Therefore, their presence in the custody may not be necessary for further investigation. We are of the view that the appellants are entitled to the grant of bail pending trial on stringent conditions in order to ally the apprehension expressed by CBI.

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The possibility of the accused influencing the investigation, tampering with evidence, intimidating witnesses, and the likelihood of fleeing justice, can be taken care of by imposing elaborative and stringent conditions. In Sushila Aggarwal v. State (NCT of Delhi), 2020:INSC:106 [Para 92] , (2020) 5 SCC 1, Para 92, the Constitutional Bench held that unusually, subject to the evidence produced, the Courts can impose restrictive conditions.

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10. Without commenting on the case's merits, in the facts and circumstances peculiar to this case, and for the reasons mentioned above, the petitioner makes a case for bail, subject to the following terms and conditions, which shall be over and above and irrespective of the contents of the form of bail bonds in chapter XXXIII of CrPC, 1973.

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In Madhu Tanwar and Anr. v. State of Punjab, 2023:PHHC:077618 [Para 10, 21] , CRM-M-27097-2023, decided on 29-05-2023, this court observed,

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[10] The exponential growth in technology and artificial intelligence has transformed identification techniques remarkably. Voice, gait, and facial recognition are incredibly sophisticated and pervasive. Impersonation, as we know it traditionally, has virtually become impossible. Thus, the remedy lies that whenever a judge or an officer believes that the accused might be a flight risk or has a history of fleeing from justice, then in such cases, appropriate conditions can be inserted that all the expenditure that shall be incurred to trace them, shall be recovered from such person, and the State shall have a lien over their assets to make good the loss.

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[21] In this era when the knowledge revolution has just begun, to keep pace with exponential and unimaginable changes the technology has brought to human lives, it is only fitting that the dependence of the accused on surety is minimized by giving alternative options. Furthermore, there should be no insistence to provide permanent addresses when people either do not have permanent abodes or intend to re-locate.

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JYOTI 2023.08.04 15:39 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this order/judgment.

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CRM-M-29089-2023

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Given above, provided the petitioner is not required in any other case, the petitioner shall be released on bail in the FIR captioned above, in the following terms :

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(a). Petitioner to furnish personal bond of Rs. Ten thousand (INR 10,000/); AND

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(b) To give one surety of Rs. Twenty-five thousand (INR 25,000/-), to the satisfaction of the concerned court, and in case of non-availability, to any nearest Ilaqa Magistrate/duty Magistrate. Before accepting the surety, the concerned court must satisfy that if the accused fails to appear in court, then such surety can produce the accused before the court.

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(b). Petitioner to hand over to the concerned court a fixed deposit for Rs. Ten thousand only (INR 10,000/-), with the clause of automatic renewal of the principal and the interest reverting to the linked account, made in favor of the ‘Chief Judicial Magistrate’ of the concerned district, or blocking the aforesaid amount in favour of the concerned ‘Chief Judicial Magistrate’. Said fixed deposit or blocking funds can be from any of the banks where the stake of the State is more than 50% or from any of the well-established and stable private sector banks. In case the bankers are not willing to make a Fixed Deposit in such eventuality it shall be permissible for the petitioner to prepare an account payee demand draft favouring concerned Chief Judicial Magistrate for a similar amount.

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(c). Such court shall have a lien over the funds until the case's closure or discharged by substitution, or up to the expiry of the period mentioned under S. 437-A CrPC, 1973, and at that stage, subject to the proceedings under S. 446 CrPC, the entire amount of fixed deposit, less taxes if any, shall be endorsed/returned to the depositor.

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(d). The petitioner is to also execute a bond for attendance in the concerned court(s) as and when asked to do so. The presentation of the personal bond shall be deemed acceptance of the declarations made in the bail petition and all other stipulations, terms, and conditions of section 438(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and of this bail order.

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(e). While furnishing personal bond, the petitioners/applicants shall mention the following personal identification details:

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JYOTI 2023.08.04 15:39 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this order/judgment.

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CRM-M-29089-2023

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1.	AADHAR number
2.	Passport number of an Indian citizen, (If available), when the attesting officer/court deems appropriate or considers the accused as a flight risk.
3.	Mobile number (If available)
4.	E-Mail id (If available)

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The petitioner shall not influence, browbeat, pressurize, make any inducement, threat, or promise, directly or indirectly, to the witnesses, the Police officials, or any other person acquainted with the facts and the circumstances of the case, to dissuade them from disclosing such facts to the Police, or the Court, or to tamper with the evidence.

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Petitioner to comply with their undertaking(s) as reflected in the beginning of this order. If the petitioner fails to comply with any of the conditions mentioned in this order or any undertaking made in the bail petition or made before this court through counsel, then on this ground alone, the bail might be canceled, and the victim/complainant may file any such application for the cancellation of bail, and the State shall file the said application.

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Within 15 days from release from prison, the petitioner is directed not to keep more than one prepaid SIM, i.e., one pre-paid mobile phone number, till the conclusion of the trial; however, this restriction is only on prepaid SIMs [mobile numbers] and not on post-paid connections or landline numbers. On failure of the petitioner to comply with this condition of keeping only one prepaid SIM, the concerned Superintendent of Police/Commissioner of Police shall direct all the telecom service providers to deactivate all prepaid SIM cards and prepaid mobile numbers issued to the petitioner, except the one that is mentioned as the primary number/ default number linked with the AADHAAR card. Since, as on date, in India, there are only four prominent mobile service providers, namely BSNL, Airtel, Vodafone-Idea, and Reliance Jio, any other telecom service provider are directed to comply with the directions of the concerned Superintendent of Police/Commissioner of Police, issued in this regard and disable all prepaid mobile phone numbers issued in the name of the petitioner, except the main number/default number linked with AADHAR, by taking such information from the petitioner’s AADHAR details or any other source, for which they shall be legally entitled by this order. This condition shall continue till the completion of the trial or closure of the case, whichever is earlier.

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JYOTI 2023.08.04 15:39 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this order/judgment.

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CRM-M-29089-2023

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During the trial's pendency, if the petitioner repeats or commits any offence where the sentence prescribed is more than seven years or violates any condition as stipulated in this order, it shall always be permissible to the respondent to apply for cancellation of this bail. It shall further be open for any investigating agency to bring it to the notice of the Court seized of the subsequent application that the accused was earlier cautioned not to indulge in criminal activities. Otherwise, the bail bonds shall remain in force throughout the trial and after that in Section 437-A of the Cr.P.C., if not canceled due to non-appearance or breach of conditions.

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The conditions mentioned above imposed by this Court are to endeavour that the accused tries to reform, does not repeat the offence and to provide an opportunity to the victim to consider legal remedies for recovery of the amount. In Mohammed Zubair v. State of NCT of Delhi, 2022:INSC:735 [Para 28] , Writ Petition (Criminal) No 279 of 2022, Para 29, decided on July 20, 2022, A Three-Judge bench of Hon’ble Supreme Court holds that “The bail conditions imposed by the Court must not only have a nexus to the purpose that they seek to serve but must also be proportional to the purpose of imposing them. The courts, while imposing bail conditions, must balance the liberty of the accused and the necessity of a fair trial. While doing so, conditions that would result in the deprivation of rights and liberties must be eschewed.”. In Mohammed Zubair v. State of NCT of Delhi , 2022:INSC:735 [Para 28] , Writ Petition (Criminal) No 279 of 2022, Para 29, decided on July 20, 2022, A Three-Judge bench of Hon’ble Supreme Court holds that “The bail conditions imposed by the Court must not only have a nexus to the purpose that they seek to serve but must also be proportional to the purpose of imposing them. The courts, while imposing bail conditions, must balance the liberty of the accused and the necessity of a fair trial. While doing so, conditions that would result in the deprivation of rights and liberties must be eschewed.”In Vernon v. The State of Maharashtra, 2023 INSC 655 , while granting bail under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 2002, Supreme Court had directed imposition of the following conditions:

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[45]. The conditions to be imposed by the Special Court shall include: - (a) Vernon Gonsalves, appellant in Criminal Appeal No.639 of 2023 and Arun Ferreira, appellant in Criminal Appeal No.640 of 2023, upon being enlarged on bail shall not leave the State of Maharashtra without obtaining permission from the Trial Court.

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(b) Both the appellants shall surrender their passports, if they possess so, during the period they remain on bail with the Investigating Officer of the NIA.

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(d) Both the appellants shall use only one Mobile Phone each, during the time they remain on bail and shall inform the Investigating Officer of the NIA, their respective mobile numbers.

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JYOTI 2023.08.04 15:39 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this order/judgment.

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CRM-M-29089-2023

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(e) Both the appellants shall also ensure that their Mobile Phones remain active and charged round the clock so that they remain constantly accessible throughout the period they remain on bail.

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(f) During this period, that is the period during which they remain on bail, both the appellants shall keep the location status of their mobile phones active, 24 hours a day and their phones shall be paired with that of the Investigating Officer of the NIA to enable him, at any given time, to identify the appellants’ exact location.

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(g) Both the appellants shall report to the Station House Officer of the Police Station within whose jurisdiction they shall reside while on bail once a week.

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Any Advocate for the petitioner and the Officer in whose presence the petitioner puts signatures on personal bonds shall explain all conditions of this bail order in any language that the petitioner understands.

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If the petitioner finds the bond amount beyond social and financial reach, it may be brought to the notice of this Court for appropriate reduction. Further, if the petitioner finds bail condition(s) as violating fundamental, human, or other rights, or causing difficulty due to any situation, then for modification of such term(s), the petitioner may file a reasoned application before this Court, and after taking cognizance, even to the Court taking cognizance or the trial Court, as the case may be, and such Court shall also be competent to modify or delete any condition.

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Any observation made hereinabove is neither an expression of opinion on the merits of the case nor shall the trial Court advert to these comments.

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In return for the protection from incarceration, the Court believes that the accused shall also reciprocate through desirable behavior.

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The SHO of the concerned police station or the investigating officer shall arrange to send a copy of this order, preferably a soft copy, to the complainant and the victim, without any delay. If the victim(s) notice any violation of this order, they may inform the SHO of the concerned police station, the trial court, or even this court.

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Although this court is granting bail primarily because pre-trial custody must not exceed beyond a reasonable time, and given the delay in the trial, further pre-trial custody would not be justifiable at this stage. But still, it cannot be lost sight that the petitioner is a habitual offender, and if cyber-crime cases are not taken up on priority, the cyber-thugee is likely to upsurge, revisiting the history when thugs were a very serious menace.Considering the serious nature of the offence the concerned trial court

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JYOTI 2023.08.04 15:39 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this order/judgment.

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CRM-M-29089-2023

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is also requested to make all endeavors to expedite the trial. If the petitioner does not attend the trial without sufficient cause or deliberately delays it, this bail shall be liable to be cancelled by the trial court without any bar from this court. Similarly, if the trial is delayed by other accused on bail (if any), they are also strictly dealt with in accordance with the law.

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There would be no need for a certified copy of this order for furnishing bonds, and any Advocate for the Petitioner can download this order along with case status from the official web page of this Court and attest it to be a true copy. In case the attesting officer wants to verify the authenticity, such an officer can also verify its authenticity and may download and use the downloaded copy for attesting bonds.

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Petition allowed in aforesaid terms . All pending applications, if any, stand disposed.

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(ANOOP CHITKARA) JUDGE 04.08.2023 Jyoti-II Whether speaking/reasoned: Yes Whether reportable: No.

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JYOTI 2023.08.04 15:39 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this order/judgment.

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Arjun Sain v. State of Ut Chd.

Case brief

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Arjun Sain v. State of Ut Chd.

Case brief

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