The single judge dismissed the appellee's appeal against a decree in a money recovery suit. The court held that since the defendant admitted executing the agreement, the burden to prove its fraudulent execution lay on her, which she failed to discharge.
The appeal was dismissed with no order as to costs.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
HONOURABLE SRI JUSTICE VILAS V. AFZULPURKAR
C.C.C.A. No. 95 of 2012
Dt: 03.10.2013
Between:-
V. Suvarna Mala Sahebzadi Khatija Begum
… Appellant and … Respondent
This Court made the following:-
HONOURABLE SRI JUSTICE VILAS V. AFZULPURKAR
C.C.C.A. No. 95 of 2012
JUDGMENT:
This appeal is by the defendant against the decree, dated 30.12.2011, in O.S.No. 1733 of 2008, passed by the Senior Civil Judge, City Civil Court, Hyderabad, in decreeing the suit filed by the respondent/plaintiff as prayed for.
2. The parties hereinafter are referred to as arrayed in the suit. The suit came to be filed, as narrated in the plaint, on the following circumstances: (a) The plaintiff states that out of acquaintance and friendship with the defendant, she financed a hand loan of Rs.4,50,000/- to the defendant to meet her dire necessities and it was agreed by the defendant that she will repay the loan by instalments of Rs.13,500/- per month. Ex.A1 is the original agreement, dated 15.10.2005, wherein it was also recorded that if the defendant fails to repay the amount, the plaintiff shall be entitled to take possession of the vehicle of the respondent viz., Mahindra Scorpio bearing registration
No.AP 12 F 22 of October, 2005 model; that the plaintiff shall be at liberty to
sell the vehicle and recover the amount and if there is any excess amount the same shall be refunded to the defendant; and that in case the sale consideration received thereof is inadequate, the defendant shall pay the remaining balance amount. Plaintiff further alleges that not a single instalment was paid by the defendant and whenever the plaintiff demanded, the defendant avoided to meet the plaintiff as well as to take any calls and thereby it was clear to the plaintiff that the defendant is not willing to pay any amount borrowed. It is stated that security of the vehicle of the defendant was given, but no papers concerning the said vehicle were handed over to the plaintiff and hence, the plaintiff has ultimately filed the present suit based on Ex.A1. The suit was initially filed under Order XXXVII C.P.C., but it appears that leave to defendant was granted and thereby the defendant has filed a written statement and the suit has since been tried like a normal suit for recovery of money.
3. In the written statement, the defendant claimed that the suit agreement is forged and fabricated and that the Mahindra Scorpio Vehicle is said to have been registered by the R.T.O. only later than the agreement, as the date of agreement is 15.10.2005 and the date of registration of the vehicle with the R.T.O. is 24.11.2005. Defendant, therefore, claims that when the vehicle was not registered on the date of agreement, there could be no number to the vehicle to be mentioned in the agreement. It is also alleged that the defendant never borrowed any amount much less the suit claim and that the defendant has been residing in the same address as shown in the plaint while her husband is working as a Government employee and there was no reason for the defendant to avoid the plaintiff. It was also pointed out that no notice prior to the suit was issued. Defendant also took certain additional pleas that there are number of civil and criminal cases pending between the defendant and the plaintiff and the defendant’s husband already preferred a criminal complaint and the same was registered as crime No.205 of 2006 against the plaintiff and her family members. It is alleged that on account of the said several criminal and civil litigations in order to force the
defendant the present Ex.A1 is fabricated and the suit is filed. The written statement makes further reference to the development and constructions made by the husband of the defendant with respect to properties belonging to the plaintiff’s close relatives and the disputes arising out of the same and claims that in order to force the defendant the plaintiff with her henchmen abused and threatened the defendant, obtained signatures of the defendant and her husband on several blank white papers, stamp papers, promissory notes including blank cheques, which is subject matter of crime No.205 of 2006, referred to above. The defendant, therefore, flatly denied the suit transaction as alleged.
4. On the aforesaid pleadings, the Court below framed following issues:-
1. Whether the agreement, dated 15.10.2005, is true, valid and binding on the defendant and is the same supported by consideration?
2. Whether the suit is barred by limitation?
3. Whether the plaintiff is entitled to receive the suit claim amount of Rs.7,65,000/- with costs and interest as prayed for?
3. To what relief?
5. On behalf of the plaintiff, the plaintiff herself was examined as P.W.1, and marked Ex.A1 original agreement, whereas the defendant examined herself as D.W.1 and her husband as D.W.2 and marked Exs.B1 to B6.
6. On appreciation of oral and documentary evidence as above, the court below came to the conclusion that the defendant has failed to prove that Ex.A1 was executed in the circumstances as alleged by the defendant in the written statement and since the execution of Ex.A1 was admitted by the defendant, issue No.1 was answered in favour of the plaintiff. Issue No.2 with regard to limitation was not pressed and hence, no finding was necessary, Consequently, therefore, the trial court decreed the suit as prayed for with penal interest at 12% p.a. from 15.10.2005 till the date of decree and thereafter at 6% p.a. till realization. The said decree is in appeal before this Court.
7. Heard Mr. B. Vijaysen Reddy, learned counsel for the appellant, as well as Mr. Rajender Deshmukh, learned counsel for the respondent.
8. Learned counsel for the appellant has made elaborate submissions in support of the case of the defendant. He primarily contends that the suit agreement was executed under duress and threat and it was for the plaintiff to have proved the execution of the suit document. He points out that Ex.A1 though is said to have been attested by a witness, the said witness was not examined and except the self-serving statement of P.W.1, there is no other evidence in support of the said document. He, therefore, states that when the plaintiff has failed to prove Ex.A1, the burden of proof does not shift on to the defendant and, as such, the court below was not right in holding that the defendant failed to prove her contention. He has placed strong reliance upon the decision of the Supreme Court in LIC of India v. Ram Pal Singh
[1] Bise n , in support of the proposition that proof of contents of the document is required to be proved by the person propounding the document and mere filing or exhibiting the document before the court does not amount to proof of its contents. Another decision of the Supreme Court in Rangammal v.
[2] Kuppuswami and another , is also relied on the proposition that under Section 101 of the Indian Evidence Act, burden of proof is clearly on the person, who alleges a particular fact and he alone is liable to discharge the said fact which he assets in support of his case. Based on the above propositions, learned counsel points out that the trial court has failed to appreciate that the plaintiff had not given any notice prior to the suit and that neither any receipt is produced in support of the transaction under Ex.A1 nor the witness to the said document nor any relative to the plaintiff was examined. The findings of the court below, according to the learned counsel, are, therefore, clearly vitiated inasmuch as the burden of proof was placed upon the defendant in stead of the plaintiff.
9. Mr. Rajendra Deshmukh, learned counsel for the respondent, on the
other hand, placed strong reliance upon the pleadings of the defendant and her admissions in the cross-examination as D.W.1 as well as that of her husband as D.W.2. Learned counsel, therefore, pointed out that if the defendant’s case is that the suit agreement is forged and fabricated, it does not fit into the theory that the stamp paper for the said document would be purchased by the defendant’s husband himself for the purpose of use by the defendant. The admission of D.W.1 in that regard is strongly relied upon. He also submits that the suit agreement is dated 15.10.2005 and if really the said document was obtained by force and coercion, no legal proceedings are taken by the defendant till date. He also submits that the defendant herself has not taken up any legal proceedings and Ex.B1 F.I.R. was filed only at the instance of defendant’s husband. However, in a specific question put to D.W.1 as well as D.W.2 with regard to said Ex.B1, it was admitted that there has been no progress with reference to said complaint as even the complainant has not been examined by the police and no action has been taken by the defendant or her husband in pursuing the said complaint. It is also pointed out that Ex.A1 itself does not contain either any over writings or any suspicious characters to doubt the veracity thereof and submits that when the said document is admitted by the defendant, who has been the executant of the document, as such, the same need not be proved. With regard to the contention of the defendant that the vehicle number mentioned in the agreement was not in existence on the date of agreement, learned counsel submits that it has not been supported by any evidence on record. Learned counsel, therefore, submits that the suit agreement having been admitted by the defendant and the defendant having failed to establish any of her allegations, as stated in the written statement, the court below was justified in decreeing the suit.
10. In view of the rival contentions, as above, the following points arise for consideration:-
1) Whether the trial court has committed error in placing burden of proof on the defendant with respect to
contents of the written statement?
2) Whether the court below was justified in decreeing the suit of the respondent/plaintiff?
POINT No.1:
11. The written statement filed by the defendant specifically admits the execution of the suit agreement, but it is claimed that the suit agreement was forced to be executed by her and as such it is vitiated by duress and force and cannot be said to be a voluntary act on behalf of the defendant. Though the written statement mentions about various litigations and transactions between the husband of the defendant and close relatives of the plaintiff, that is not the subject matter of the present suit. The allegations as far as Ex.A1 is concerned, the defendant states as follows in the written statement.
“10. While things stood thus, on 14.06.2006 at about 07:30 PM the family members of the plaintiff along with 10 others, who are unsocial elements have approached the defendant and her husband at their house with a gun and Talwars and abused the defendant and her husband in filthy language and threatened that they will kill and created terror and by putting them in fear of death took signatures from the defendant and her husband on several blank/typed/written white papers, stamped papers and promissory notes and also took their signatures on several blank cheques. They have also threatened the defendant and her husband that they will eliminate the defendant and her family members if the defendant and her husband fails to vacate and handover their flats and cars to them. Immediately after the said incident, the defendant and her husband have lodged a complaint against the plaintiff herein and her family members and others with Humayun Nagar Police Station and the police have registered a case in Crime No.205 of 2006 and the same is pending.
11. The plaintiff and her family members by miss-using the documents obtained from the Defendant and her husband at gunpoint, forged and fabricated the Agreement of Sale cum General Power of Attorney dated 26.01.2006 and Memorandum of Past Oral Lease Agreement, dated 30.01.2006 and filed O.S.No.1205 of 2007 for the eviction of the defendant and her family members from their properties and subsequently filed a false suit in O.S.No.308 of 2008, by creating an agreement, dated 10.05.2005 and now by creating
another Agreement, dated 15.10.2008, the plaintiff has filed the above suit by making all false, baseless and frivolous allegations.”
12. Even the evidence of the defendant as D.W.1 proceeds as follows, particularly, the cross-examination thereof:
“It is not true to suggest that the F.I.R. registered in Crime No.205/06 by Humayunnagar P.S. has been closed by the police. I do not know as to whether my husband has been called to P.S.Humayunagar for recording the 161 Cr.P.C. statement. The construction business which has been started by me has been managed from our house only. In Ex.A1 my signature is present as second party. (Witness volunteers to say that the said signature was put as she was threatened by plaintiff others). After institution of the present suit, I have come to know about the suit document and not taken any steps since 2008 for cancellation of Ex.A1 (Witness adds police complaint was filed under Ex.A1). The stamp paper wherein Ex.A1 recitals were typed was purchased for me by my husband Mr. V. Ravinder Reddy. The vehicle documents of Scorpio bearing registration number was AP 12F 22 were not filed by me in the court. The plaintiff and some other persons who accompanied have brought some blank papers and obtained my signatures and my husband forcibly and we put the signatures under duress. The plaintiff has also obtained blank signed cheques. There was no communication addressing the bank by us informing them about the plaintiff taking cheques forcibly and to stop the payment. I do not know as to number of blank cheques obtained by the plaintiff. The plaintiff herein has not initiated action in respect of cheques obtained forcibly. It is true in respect of averments of my chief affidavit from paras 3 to 6, the plaintiff herein is not concerned.
It is not true to suggest that I have taken suit loan from the plaintiff and that I have also promised to discharge the loan by selling away by Scorpio jeep.”
13. D.W.2, the husband of the defendant, was examined to support the defendant. He specifically admits in his cross-examination that as per the particulars mentioned in the stamp paper, which were used for typing Ex.A1, the stamp paper was sold to my wife and purchased by me. In addition to the above, in the cross-examination of the plaintiff as P.W.1, it was suggested that Ex.A1 was got prepared by the husband of the defendant i.e., D.W.2 and there were no blanks in Ex.A1 at the time of execution. The above evidence, therefore, shows that the execution of document having been admitted, the defendant has not lead any evidence in support of her allegation that the said document is vitiated by fraud or is otherwise
fabricated as alleged. The only witness examined on her behalf is her husband, D.W.2, whose admissions are already noted above. When a suit document is admitted by the defendant, it was not necessary for the plaintiff to prove the said document again on the basic principle under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 that, what is admitted need not be proved. So far as the defendant is concerned, the court below was right in holding that the defendant having alleged that there was fraud in execution of Ex.A1, it was for the defendant to prove the same. The defendant having failed to discharge the said burden the court below was right in decreeing the suit as prayed for.
14. The decisions relied upon by the learned counsel for the appellant and the principles thereunder would not, therefore, get attracted to the facts and circumstances of the present case, inasmuch as the admissions of Ex.A1 would discharge all the burden of the plaintiff to prove the said document. Since according to the defendant the said document is vitiated on account of fraud and coercion, it is for the defendant to establish the same. The said burden having not been discharged by the defendant, I do not find any error committed by the trial court in decreeing the suit. Point No.1, therefore, is answered in favour of the respondent/plaintiff.
POINT No.2:-
15. In view of the findings on point No.1, therefore, the suit filed by the plaintiff having been rightly decreed by the court below, no reasons exist to interfere with the said judgment and decree either on facts or in law arises. Accordingly, point No.2 is also answered against the appellant.
The Appeal Suit, therefore, is dismissed. However, there shall be no order as to costs. Miscellaneous petitions pending, if any, shall stand closed.
_____________________ VILAS V. AFZULPURKAR, J
October 3, 2013 LMV
HONOURABLE SRI JUSTICE VILAS V. AFZULPURKAR
SECOND APPEAL No.769 OF 2012
Dt: 03.10.2013
LMV
2 issues framed by the court
Whether the trial court committed error in placing the burden of proof on the defendant regarding the contents of the written statement she filed admitting the agreement.
Whether the court below was justified in decreeing the suit given the defendant's failure to prove fraud in the execution of the admitted agreement.
V. Suvarna Mala Sahebzadi Khatija Begum
Respondent
Vilas V. Afzulpurkar
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
