Appeals against withdrawal from land acquisition: the Court held there was no evidence of prior Government possession or of possession taken under s. 17(1); lands did not vest merely on expiry of fifteen days from s. 9(1) notice; appeals dismissed with no costs.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
193
A
M/S. mTHMULL BBOJRAJ
v.
STATE OF BmAR a ORS.
January 25, 1972
B
[K. S. HEGDE, P. JAGANMOHAN REDDY AND D. 0. PALElWl, JI.]
Lrmd Acquialtion Act (1 o/ 1874), u. 9 and 11-&o,. of.
In 1954 the lands in dispute were notifted under the Indian ~ Act, 1927. Later, in order to acquire and include them in the adloinln.2 Government forest, GoVel'llment notified them under s. ·4 of thi Lani! c Acquisition Act, 18!>4. Government also took action under s. 17(4) of the Act, dispenaed with the proceedings under s. SA, and iuued the nol!Acation under s. 6. Thueafrer, proceedings were taken under 91. 9 and 11, but Government decided that it was not worthwhile to acquire the entire area and withdrew some of the lands from acquisition. .
D
The appellant moved the High Court unsllCCelSfully, under Art. 226, for directions to award him compensation in reapect of those lands also.
ID _appeal to this Court, it waa contended that: (1) Since the Govern· ment had taken possession in 1954, Government became full ownen of the lands when notifications were issued under. s. 6 of the. Land Acquisition Act; and (2) the lands had been actually taken ~ok>o of by the Col· lector under s. 17 (I) and Gl!Vemment became full owners when pnblic notice was aiven under s. 9(1).
E Dismissing the appeal,
HELD : (I) There waa no satisfactory eVidence to show that the Government had taken possession of the lands in 1954. Therefore, tho High "Court was justified in not pronouncing on the question in a petition under Art. 226.
(2) (a) Under s. 17(1) the Collector cannot take poaaeuion unlea F Government directs him to do so. There is no material on record to show that Government had given any such direction, nor is there any material to show that the·Collector had taken possession under s. 17(1). U960-H]
Lt. Governor of Himachal Pradesh v. Avlnash Sharma, (1971) I S.C.R. 413, explained and distinguished.
(b) The expression 'whenever the appropriate Government ao directs' G in s. 17(1) refers to the taking df possession and not to the declaration of urgency. But even in caaes ·of urgency, Government may not think it necessary to take immediate profession. Hence, it could not be said that on the expiry of 15 days from the publication of the notice under s. 9( I), the lands had vested in the Govel"nment. [198 G-H; 199 ArC)
CIVIL APPELLATE JURlSDlCTION : C.A. No. 379 and 741 of 1967.
H
Appeal from the judgment and order da~ October 14, 1966 pf the Patna High Court in CivilWrii 1qrisdi~~ c.& No. 434 1111d 435 of 1966,
[1972] 3 s.c.R.
194
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
A
R. K. Garg, S. C. Agarwal and D. P. Singh, for the appellant (in C.A. 741 of 1967)
A. K. Sl!h, R. K. Garg, S. C. Agarwal and D. P. Singh, for the appellant (in C.A. No. 379 of 1967)
Niren D~, Attorney General for India, D. Goburdhun, for the respondents (in both the appeals).
B
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Hegde, J; In tb,ese appeals by certificate, the only question that arises for decision is whether on the facts and in the circumstances of these cases, .the G_overnment oi Bihar was competent to withdraw from- acquisition certain lairids sought to be acquired under Acquisition Cases Nos. 3 and 4 of 1959-60 before the Additional Land Acquisition Officer, Hazaribagh.
The lands concerned in these cases were notified for acquisition in _1959 under s. 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (to be hereinafter referred to as the Act) under two different notifications. At abOut the same time, the Government also took action. under s. 17 (4) · of the Act ,and 4ispensed with proceedings under s. SA. Simultaneously. notifications under s. 6 were also issued. Thereafter proceedings under ss, 9 ·and 11 were .taken. Whcm the acquisition proceedings were pending before the Land Acqub sition Officer, the Government withdrew from acquisitioo some ol the lands earlier notified under ss. 4 and 6. Consequently the Land Acquisition Officer excluded the comp insation jn: respect of those lands from the computation made b) him CJ.flier. The appellant (common appellant in both the appc tis) )l&g aggrieved by that exclus_ion moved the High Court of Patna under Art. 226 of the Constitution seeking directions from _that court to the Land Acquisition Officer to award him compensation in respect of those lands as well. The High Court rejected those writ petiti0111S. Hence these appeals.
The lands in question are situate in the villages of Telaiya and Debipur. On June 11, 1948, they were notified under ss. 14 and 21 of the Bihar Private Forest Act, 1947. Thereafter they were again notified under s. 29 of the Indian Forest Act in 1953 and 1954. L'ater on the Government felt that in order to include those lancls in the· adjoining Govemment forest, it would be necessary to acquire them. Consequently they were notified for acquisition. But ·after the lands in question were tentatively valued, the-Government thought that it was not worthwhile to acquire entire area notified for acquisition. Hence it withdrew from acquisi!ion~ ·~ubs!antial port!<in of lands notified for acquisitiqn, - These in bnef are the matenal facts.
(
D
E
F
G
H
JETHMULL v. BJHAR (Hegde, J.)
195
A The allegation of the appellant is that after the lands in question were notified under s. 29 of the Indian Forest Act, the Forest Departme.nt unlawfully took possession of those lands and continued to be in possession ol. the same and therefore when notifications under s. 6 were issued, the Government became the owner of those lands and thereafter, it was not competent for the GovB ernment to withdraw from acquisition any of the lands notified under s. 6. Alternatively it was contended that the Government became the full owner of those lands when the Collector caused · a public notice to be given under s. 9(1) of the Act. Lastly it was contended that the lands in question had been actually taken · possession of by the Collector under s. 17 (1) of the Act and c hence they vested in the Government.
The Government of Bihar has denied all the above allegations. It denied that the Government took possession of the lands in question in 1954. It further denied that those lands had been taken possession of under s. 17 (1). The Government denied D the allegation of the appellant that it became the owner of the lands in question either when notifications u.nder s. 6 or notices under s. 9 ( 1) were issued .
. The High Court was not satisfied from the evidence adduced by the appellant that the Government had taken possession of the lands in question in 1954. It thought that this was a disput.E ed question of fact and on the material before it, it was not possible to decide that question conclusively and hence it declined to pronounce on that question. The High Court repelled the contention ol. the appellant that possession had been taken under s .. 17(1). It Plso did not accept the contention of the appellant that on the issue of :notices under s. 9 (1), Government had beF come the owner of the lands in question. In the result the High Court dismissed the writ petitions. The very contentions taken before the High Court were repeated in this Court.
Now comi.ng to the question whether the Government took possession ol. the lands in question in 1954, it was conceded that G the Government was not competent to take possession of those lands either under the notifications issued under ss. 14 and 21 of the Bihar Private Forest Act 1947 or under the notifications issued under s. 29 of tl!e Indian Forest Act. The case of the appellant is that the Government runlawfully took possession of the properties. In support of that contention reliance was mainly placed on the letter written by the Divisional Forest Officer, Kodarma Division H to lbe Range Officer, Kodarma on October 1, 1958 as well as on t'1e requisition sent to the Land ·Acquisition Officer by the same 9ffi_cer.on January 24, 1959 (Annexure II). The concerned
J
196
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1972] 3 S.C.R.
Divisional Forest Officer was one Brij Mohan Prasad. In the A letter in question he stated :
"The forest in the above villages are in possession of the Forest Department since sometime past .•. "
In the requisition again, he mentioned :
B
"The land was previously notified under s. 29(3) of the I.F.A. and it was demarcated and possession taken. Later on it was found that the land in question was raiyati, it was necessary to acquire under the Land Acquisition Act."
c
In para 12 of that requisition, be further stated:
"it is already under possession and this is to be formally handed over immediately."
This Officer has filed an affidavit before the High Court. Therein he explained that he made the statements illl question D under an erroneous impression that the Government came into possession of the lands in question in view of the notification issued under s. 29 of the Indian Forest Act. This statement of his receives support from his letter written to the Land Acquisition Officer on August 11, 1959 wherein he mentioned :
"With reference to your above letters, I have to say that Debipur ·Forest was notified under the Indian Forest Act on the 8th December, 1953 and that of Telaiya on the 22nd November. 1954. Thus, date of posses~ion is 8th December, 1953 and 22nd November 1954 respectively."
E
F
It is possible that this officer had an erroneous impression as to the effect of a notification under s. 29 of the Indian Forest Act. The other documents relied on by the appellant are wholly inconclusive. Hence there is no need to refer to them. We are in agreement with the High Court that there is no satisfactory evidence to show that the Government had taken possession of G · these lands in 1953 or 1954. As the parties had not enough opportunity to adduce evidence on this point, we will not be justified in finally deciding this question. It is sufficient if we say that on the material on record, the Hiirh Court was justified in not pronouncing on this question in a petition under Art. 226 of the Constitution. It is open to the appellant to seek such other H remedy as may be available to him under law if the Government had unlawfully taken possession of those lam.ds. The question whether the Government had unlawfully taken possession of those
JBtllMULL v. lintAR (Hegde, J.)
197
A lands in 1954, as we shall presently see, is wholly irrelevant for the decision of these appeals.
The next point that arises for decision is whether delivery of the lands notified for acquisition was taken under s. 17 ( 1) as contended by the appellant. The Government becomes the owner B of the lands notified for acquisition only when the Collector takes possession of those lands either under s. 16 or Ui!lder s. 17 ( 1) . Both thase provisions provide that when the Collector takes possession WJ.der those provisions, the lands notified for acquisition shall vest absolutely in the Government free from all encumbrances. Until and unless possession is taken under either of those pxovisions, the lands notified for acquisition: do. not vest in c the Government. Section 48 ( 1 ) of the Act provides : ·
"Except in the case provided for in section 36, the 'Government shall be at liberty to withdraw from the acquisition of any land of which possession has not been taken."
D
Section 36 is not relevant for our present purpose. Possession referred to in s. 48 necessarily is the possession taken either Utllder s. 16 or under s. 17(1). Section 17(1) says:
E
F
"In cases of urgency, whenever the appropriate Government so directs, the Collector, though no such award has been made, may, on the expiration of fifteen days from the publication of the lll9tice mentioned in section 9 sub-section (1 ) , take possession of any waste or arable land needed for public purposes or for a Company. Such land shall thereupon vest absolutely in the Govemment free from all encumbrances."
Ordinarily possession of any land notified for acquisition is taken when the Collector had made an award under s. U and not before it. But an exception is provided under s. 17 (J). In cases ol urgency, if the G<ivernment so directs, the Collector may, G though illO award has been made under s. 11, on the expiration of the 15 days from the publication of the notice mentioned in s. 9 (1 ) take possession of any waste or arable land and the land shall thereupon vest. absolutely with the Government free from al.I encumbraJlce$. From this provi~ion, it is plain that the Collector cannot take possession of the land in question u.nless th,e Government directs him to do so. The Government can II direct him to do so only in cases of urgency. Even when the Government directs the Collector to take possession, he cannot do so until expiration of 15 days from the publication of a notice
I
(1972] j S.C.R.
I !i 8
SUPREME .COURT REPORTS.
under. s. 9 ( 1). There is no material oo record to show that: the A Government had given to the Collector any direction under s. 17 ( 1); nor is there any material to show tha!_ the lands iin question had been· taken possession of by the Collector under s. 17 ( 1 ) . It is true that in the order-sheet maintained by the Land Acquisi-. tion Officer, a note was made on October 17, 1959:
"Shri B. J. Yadav Kgo, to deliver possession at the spot to the representative of the R.0. on 16-11-59 Draft addressed to R.0. is signed." ·
B
But there is nothing to show that this order was implemented. According to the respondent this order was not implemented. . , .
c
Rel)ing on the decision of this Court in Lt. Governor of Himacha/ Pradesh v. A vinash Sharma (1) it was contended by Mr. R. K. Garg, the learned Counsel for the appellant that once it is established that the possession of the land notified for acquisition was taken in 1953 or 1954, it was unnecessary for his client to establish that a.ny possession was taken under s. 17(1.). Aceording to him on the expiration of 15 days after the issue of notices u:nder s. 9 O), the lands in question vested in the Governuient. The decision in question does not lend any support for this C011tention. In that case not oruy the property had been taken possession of by the Government even before the acquisition proceedings had started but appropriate proceedings under s. 9 ( 1) and s. 17 ( 1) were also taken though there was no actual taking of possession under s. 17(1). Under those .circumstances this Court observed :
J)i
E !
"In the present case a notification under s: 17 ( 1) and ( 4) was issued by the State Government and possession which had preVJously beelll. taken must, froni the1 date of expiry of fifteen days from the publicatii>n of the notice under s. 9 (1), be deemllji to be the possession of the Governmen).
· In the present case, as mentioned earlier, ~o aaterfal .has, been placed before the Court to show that'actio11.unclcr s.17(1) had been taken. · . .:
It was next contended by Mr. Garg and Mr. A.· K~ sen, th.Iii the expression ''whenever the appropriate government so· dir@" in s. 17 (1 ) refers to urgency ~ not to the taking of possession of the lands notified for acquisition. Their'. further ~1ion; was that no sooner the Government issued the notificati"11 ll1!der s. 17 ( 4), the factum of urgency was established and hence ,clD ttiO 1' · expiration of the fifteen davR from the publication of notide 1'!ili:lt' ' (I) [1971] !.S.C.R. 413:
JBTHMULL v. BIHAR (Hegde, I.)
199
V.P.S. . .
Appeals dismissed.
2 issues framed by the court
Whether the Government became owner of the lands on notifications under s. 6 or notices under s. 9(1) so as to bar withdrawal from acquisition.
Whether possession was taken under s. 17(1), causing vesting in the Government before withdrawal.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Lt. Governor of Himachal Pradesh v. Avinash SharmaDistinguished¶83
(1971) I S.C.R. 413 · Who else cites this
6 provisions across 2 enactments
Jethmull Bhojraj
State of Bihar
Ors.
K. S. Hegde
P. Jaganmohan Reddy
D. G. Palekar
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
