Appellant in a money suit sought production of the respondent's statement made before the Income-tax Officer during his own assessment, contending the s. 54 confidentiality bar could be waived by the assessee. The Supreme Court held the prohibition under s. 54 is absolute and not obliterated by waiver, and dismissed the appeal.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
2 S.C.H. SUPREME COURT REPOHTS 833
CHARD CHANDRA KUNDt:
v.
-- 1961
Mav, 15.
GURUPADA GHOSH
(S. K. DAS, M. HrnAYATULLAH and J. C. SHAH, JJ.)
Production of document-Assessment proceedings-Law prohibiting income-tax authorities from diBclosure Production of proceedings into court-- Waiver by assessee--Indian Income-fax Act, 6[22 (11 of 1922). s. 54.
In a suit instituted by the respondent for the recovery of monies which he alleged were due to him from the appellant, the latter pleaded that the liability had been discharged. In support of that plea the appellant sought to tender in evidence a statement which he said had been made by the respondent before the Income·tax Officer in certain proceedings relating to the assessment of Income-tax of the appellant for the year 1949-50. For this purpose the appellant applied to rhe trial court praying that the Commissioner of Income-tax might be asked to a1range for the production before the court of the recorc\ of the statement made by the respondanr. On objection raised by the Commissioner of Income-tax, the court held that he could not be required to produce the statement, in view of the prohibitions impostd by s. 54 of the Indian Incometax ~ct, 1922. The appellant contended that the prohibition contained in s. 54 of the Act related only to the evidence given by an assessee himself and not to that of other witnesses, and that, in any eYent. the provisions in that section being in the interest of and for the protection of the assessee only, if the asse£See waived the privilege, the prohibition contained therein would be inoperative.
Held, that the prohibition imposed ins. 54 of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, is absolute and the operation of the section is not obliterated by any waiver by the assessee in whose assessment the evidence was tendered, document produced or record prepared.
CrvIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 206 of 1959.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated May 28, 1956, of the Calcutta High Court, in Civil Rule No. 3317 of 19515.
N. O. Chatterjee, A. K. Dutta and P. K. O'hatterjee, for the appellant.
834 SUPREME COURT REPOitTS
[1962]
1961 The respondent, did not appear. Oharu Chandra 1961. May 0. Judgment of the Court was Kunclu delivered by v. Gurupada Ghosh SHAH, J.-Gurupada Ghosh respondent to this appeal filed suit No. 41 of 1953 in the 6th court Shah JJ. of the Subordinate Jndge at Alipore, District 24 Parganas, West Bengal, for a money decree against the appellant-Charu Chandra Kundu-for Rs. 32,132-12-::l claiming that he had advanced to appellant on May 11, 1949, "hy way of temporary accommodation loan" Rs. 30,000/- by a cheque drawn npon the Comilla Union Bank, Calcutta, and that the appellant hacl. in two instalments repaid Rs. fi,!iOO/- out of the amount advanrecl. and t.he balance of R.s. 24,liOO/- with interest. rem~incd due and payable by the appellant. The appellant pleaded by his writt{ln statement that a loan of Rs. 30,000/- was advanced by the respondent to him and his wife Chapalabala and a promissory note was in consideration thereof executed by the horrowers in favour of the respondent and as collateral security for the loan, title deeds of certain immovable properties belonging t) the said Chapalabala were deposited with the respondent and that thereafter between September 7, 1949, and April 13, 1953, the appellant had repaid an aggregate amount of Rs. 37,000/- and the respondent having relinquished a sum of Rs. 235-7-0 on account of interest on such repayment the debt was discharged and in acknowledgment thereof, the promissory note and the title deeds of the immovable properties lodged with the respondent were returned. The appellant also raised other pleas which are not material for the purposes of this appeal. On the pleadings, the burden of proving repayment lay upon the appellant.
The appellant applied to the Subordinate Judge for the issue of a summons to the Commissioner of Income-tax directing that officer to arrange to produce "thTough 11 competent officer
2 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 835
1961
the original file and depositions .given "by the respondent" before the Income-tax Officer I (2) Division in the assessment of Cham Chandra Kundu." The Commissioner of Income-tax informed the court that having regard to the prohibitions imposed bys. 54 of the Income-tax Act, he was unable to produce any of the statements, returns, accounts, documents or records of assessment proceedings under the Income-tax Act or to give evidence in support thereof. The appellant then applied that the objection of the Commissioner of Income-tax be over-ruled and that the Incometax Officer or any other competent officer be directed to produce the statement made by the respondent and recorded on February 22, 1950, in the proceedings for assessment of the income of the appellant. In that petition, by p.i.ragraph 10, the appellant submitted that "on a true construction of s. 54 of the Indian Income-tax Act, the exemption from disclosure and production relate only to the evidence or deposition etc. made by an assessee himself and not to depositions or evidence of other witnesses. In any event, the disclosure and production etc. prohibited by s. 54 of the Income-tax Act being in the interest of the assessee only, the assessee himself can waive this special protection and privilege" and that the appellant waived his right to the protection and privilege under s. 54 of the Income-tax Act.
Ohatru Ohandw Ku'ltl1u
v.
Gurupatl;i Gho~/,
Shah J_
It was the case of the appellant that in certain proceedings relating to assessment of incometax of the appellant for the year 1949-50, the respondent had on February 22, 1950, made a statement before the Income-tax Officer, and to support his defence in the suit he desired that the statement be produced before the court. The trial court upheld the objection raised by the Commissioner of Income-tax that in view of s. 54, he could not be required to produce the statement he was summoned to produce, and the High Court of Judicature at Calcutta in exercise of its jurisdiction
836
SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1962]
1961
Charu Chandra Kundu
v.
'Jurupada Ghosh
ShahJ.
under s. ll5 of the Code of Civil Procedure uonfirmed that view.
Seution 54 of the Income-tax Act by the first sub-section declares all partiuulars uoutained in any statement made, retum furnished or accounts 01· documents produced under the provisions of the Income-tax Act or in any evidence given, or affidavit or deposition made, in the course of any proceedings of any assessment proceedings under Ch. VIII, or in any record of any assessment proceedings or any proceeding relating to the recovery of a demand prepared for the purposes of the Act, shall be treated as confidential. The sub-section then proceeds to state that notwithstanding anything contained in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, no court shall save as provided in the Act, be entitled to require any public servant to produce before it any such return, al'counts, documents or record or any part of any such record or to give evidence before it in respect thereof. By sub-s. (2), a public servant disclosing any particular contained in any such document, return, accounts, documents, evidence, affidavit, deposition or record, is liable to be punished with imprisonment which may extend to six months and also with fine. These provisions however do not apply to certain documents specified in els. la) to (p) of sub-s.3.
It is manifest that disclosure of information given to public servants in the course of incometax proceedings has by a comprehensive provision been prohibited. The Income-tax authorities are directed by the provision to treat the information disclosed, evidence given, and documents produced as confidential : the courts are prohibited from requiring any public servant to produce the documents or the records and even to give evidence in respect thereof, and the public servants disclosing the particulars of the evidence, documents or record are penalised. The statement alleged to be made by the respondent in the all!essment
2 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS
837
proceedings is not uf th<' ua.ture described in s11bs. (:3) of s. 54, ancl i~ then·i'nrf\ not exempt from the operation of sub-ss. ( 1) and (2). There being an express interdict against the court requiring production of the document, the Subordinate Judge was right in declining to accede to the request of the appellant.
1961
Oharu Chandra Kundu v. Gurupada Ghosh
Shah J.
!\Ir. Chatterje,. appPl!ring on behalf of the appellant contendR that s. ,54 is 1macted only for t;he protection of the afa;csscc. and if the assessee waives the privilege cnaeted for his protcdion, the prohibition contained therein will be inoperative. But there is no 8twh cxcc,ption. Pxpress or implied, in the language nsed by thie legiflatun» The prohibition impoHed agai1rnt the eourt by s. 54 i~ absolute : its operation is nut obliterated by any waiver bv t.h.. assesse<' in whose assessment the 1evideuce 'is tendered, document produced or record prepared.
Mr. Chatterjee relied upon Buchiba-i v. Nagpur University(') in support of his contention that an assessee is ent.itled to waive the privilege which confers protection upon him by s. 54. In that case, however, the only question which fell to be determined was whether certified copies of statements recorded or orders passed by the Income-tax authorities were admissible in evidence under s. 65 of the Evidence Act to prove the contents of those documents. The court in that case observed '
"The direction that such documPnt (documents described in s. 54) shall be treated as confidential is a direction to officials of the Income-tax Department and in our opinion it is open to an assessee to waive that right and to give evidence, if he desires, or particulars contained in such a record, as was held, in Rama Rao v. Venkat··ramayya('). There is nothing in. s. 5·! which prohibits the giving (I) (1947) 15 I.T.R. 150. (2) I.L.R. (19401 Mad. 996.
838 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1962)
1961
1961 of such evidence; the section mer4'ly directs officials of the Income-tax Department to treat such docu-
Gharu G handra ments as confidential and prohibits the Court from Kundu v. requiring public servants to produce such Gurupada Gho.<h documents or to give evidence about such documents."
Shah J.
But the question whether a certified copy of the statement made by the respondent before the Income-tax Officer is admissible does not fall to be determined in this appeal. The Subordinate Judge expressly recorded in the proceeding dated November 18, 1955, that he did "not mean to say that certified copy of the document will not be admissible in evidence at the time of the trial of the suit if the said certified copy is otherwise found to be admissible in evidence." Buek>bai's case (1 ) is a decision about the admissibility of a certified copy of the statement made by one Laxminarayan to the Assistant Commissioner of Income-tax : it did not decide that the court could require production by summons of the original statements from the records of the Assistant Commissioner.
A ~imilar view as to admissibility of certified copies of statements made before the Income-tax authorities was also expressed in Rama Rao v. Venkataramayya ('), Suraj Narain v. Seth Jhabhu Lal and Others(') and Banarsi Devi v. Janki Devi('). We may observe that we are not called upon to express any opinion on the correctness or otherwise of these decisions. Suffice it to say that they have no application to the question to be determined in this appeal.
The appeal fails and is dismissed.
Appeal, dismissed.
(I) (1947) 15 I. T. R. 150. (2) I.L.R. (1940) Mad. 969. (3) (1945) 13 I.T.R. 13. (4) A.I.R. 1959 Pat. 172.
2 issues framed by the court
Whether a court can require an income-tax authority to produce a statement made in assessment proceedings despite s. 54 of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922.
Whether an assessee's waiver of the confidentiality protection under s. 54 renders the prohibition inoperative.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Buchibai v. Nagpur UniversityDistinguished
(1947) 15 I.T.R. 150
Rama Rao v. VenkataramayyaReferred
I.L.R. (1940) Mad. 996 · Who else cites this
Suraj Narain v. Seth Jhabhu Lal and OthersReferred
(1945) 13 I.T.R. 13
Banarsi Devi v. Janki DeviReferred
A.I.R. 1959 Pat. 172 · Who else cites this
1 provisions across 1 enactments
Charu Chandra Kundu
Gurupada Ghosh
S. K. Das
M. Hidayatullah
J. C. Shah
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
