perpetual, bnt conditional upun services certain or Tlicil111r •.irvice8 lo be demanded. The office may be public ,\fa 11:•;t·lwH JJco or private, important or the reverse. Tho ghatwa.l, v. the guard of the pass, may be the bulwark of a whole Sta/a of Dihar country-side against invaders; he ma.y be merely a. sentry against petty marauders; he ma.y be no more .':i. /. Da~ j. than a. kind of gamekeeper, protecting the crops from the ravages of wild animals. Ghat.we.Ii duties ma.y be divided into police duties a.nd quasi-military duties, though both clases have lost much of their importance, and the latter in any strict form 1ire but rarely rendered. Again the duties of the otlice may be such as 1lema.nded personal competence for that dischargo; they may, on tho other hand, be such as can be discharged Yicariously, by the creation of shikmi tenures and by the appointment and maintenance of a suborrlinat force, or they ma.y be such a.s in their nature only require to be provided for in bulk. It is plain that where a grant is forthcoming to a man and his heirs aH ghatwal, or i~ to bo presumed to ha,ve been rna.Je though it may have been since been lost, personal performance of the ghatwa.li services is not essential so long a.s the gra.utee is responsible for them a.nrl procures them to he rendered (Shib Lall Singh v. Mooracl Khan(')). 80 much for the ghalwal. The superior, who appoints him, may al•o in the varying eireumstanccs of tho organisation of Hindostan be th<' rnliug power over the country at large, the landholder rMponsihle by custom for the maintenance of security and order within his estales, or simply the private person, to whom tho maintenance of watchmen is in the case of an extensive property, import· ant enough to require the creation of a regular office." It i" not disputed before us that tho Hohini and Pa"tlirole ghatwalis arc Government ghatwalis and admittedly they arc governed by Regulation, XXIX of 1814.
