Allowed

The State of Orissa and Another v. M/S. Chakobhai Ghelabhai and Company

Supreme Court20 Sept 19601960 INSC 156 · [1961] 1 S.C.R. 7191960 INSC 156

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Respondent firm assessed under Orissa Sales Tax Act failed to register or return. Firm admitted sales completed in Orissa. Supreme Court upheld assessment despite repeal of definition proviso. Held state sales tax officers not "courts" but fees for quasi-judicial actions valid as incidental fees, not taxes.

What did the court decide?

Appeal allowed, judgment of High Court set aside, writ petition dismissed; appellants to costs.

What the court decided

The State of Orissa and Another versus M/S… — Writ and Judicial Review | Supreme Court (1961)

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1 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 719

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' THE STATE OF ORISSA AND ANOTHER

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•

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M/s. CHAKOBHAI GHELABHAI AND

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September 20 .

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COMPANY

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(S. K. DAS, M. HIDAYATULLAH, K. c. DAS GUl'TA, J.C. SHAH a.nd N. RAJAGOPALA AYYANGAR, JJ.)

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Sales Tax-Sales tax autlwrities-Whether courtsLevy of fees on memorandum of appeal and application for revision-Whether taxes-Legislative competence-Place where sale effected-Question of law o fact-Issue of one notice for several quarters-Legality -Orissa Sales Tax Act, z947 (Orissa I4 of I947), ss. 2(g), z2(5), 29(2)(s)-Orissa Sales Tax Rules, z947, rr. 20, 59-Government of India Act, z935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5, Ch. 42). Seventh Schedule, List II, Items I, 48, 54.

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;;;

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The respondent firm, which had its headquarters in Madhya Pradesh and was, during the years 1948 to 1951, engaged in collecting bidi leaves from certain forest areas in Orissa and despatching them to various destinations outside the State of Orissa, did not get itself registered as a dealer under the Orissa Sales Tax Act, 1947, and did not submit a return in spite of the notice issued to it. It was asked to show cause why a penalty should not be imposed under s. 12(5) of the Act. The assessing authority then proceeded to assess the tax to the best of its judgment and determined the taxable turnover for each of the twelve quarters, the first quarter ending on June 30, 1948, and the last quarter ending on March 31, 195r. A penalty of Rs. 500 for each quarter was also imposed. The respondent's appeal to the Assistant Collector of Sales Tax against the JJrders of assessment and penalty was dismissed, and the revision petition was rejected by the Collector of Commercial Taxes as having been filed out of time. One of the pleas taken before the appellate authority was that the respondent was not a dealer in Orissa inasmuch as the sales of bidi leave·s were not effected in Orissa, but at the hearing of the appeal it wa..admitted by the respondent's pleader that the sales were completed in Orissa. The High Court, on a writ petition filed by the respondent, set aside the the orders of assessment and penalty on the grounds, inter alia, (1) that the assessment orders were bad because of the repeal of the second proviso to s. 2(g) of the Act defining " sale ", by the Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950, (2) that the levy of fees on the memorandum of appeal and the application in revision on a graded scale under r. 59 read with s. 29(2)(s) of the Act amounted to the imposition of a tax which was beyond the competence of the State, and (3) that the notice issued nnder s. 12(5) of the Act was not in accordance with law, inasmuch as separate noti- ces were not issued for each quarter.

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SUPREME COURT REPORTS

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720

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(1961]

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Stall of Orissa v. CAahobhai Gh•l•bhai e.. Co.

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Held, (1) that the question as to where a sale was completed depended on facts and was not a pure question of law and, therefore, the admission made by the respondent's pleader was binding on the respondent; and that as the admission brought the sales within s. 2(g) of the Act, it was unnecessary to consider the second proviso to s. 2(g) and the sales were liable to tax ;

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(2) that the sales-tax authorities including the Assistant Collector of Sales Tax and the Collector of Commercial Taxes, though they exercised quasi-judicial functions under the Act, were not courts in the strict sense of the term "Court " ;

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(3) that fees levied under r. 59 read with s.-29(2)(s) of the Act were not taxes but were imposed for services rendered by a governmental agency. Section 29(2)(s) was not' invalid on the ground of legislative incompetence and r. 59 did not go beyond what was permitted under that section;

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The Con1missianer, Hindu Religious Endowments, Madras v, Sri Lakshmindra Thirtha Sttamiar of Sri Shirur Mutt, [1954) S.C.R. 1005, relied on.

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(4) that the issue of one notice under s. 12(5) of the Act for several quarters was not contrary to law as the section makes refe.rence to a period which might consist of more than one quarter.

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CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appea.1 No. 710of1957.

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Appea.l from the judgment a.nd order da.ted September 5, 1955, of the Orise& High Court in 0. J.C. No. 92 of 1954.

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N. 0. Chatterjee, H.J. Umrigar a.nd T. M. Sen, for the a. ppella.n ts.

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J. M. Thakar a.nd J. B. Dadachanji for the respondents.

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R. Gopalakriahnan a.nd J. B. Dadachanji, for the Intervener.

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September 20. The Judgment of the Court wa.s delivered by

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S. K. Das J. S. K. D.+.s J.-This is a.n a.ppea.l on a. certificate granted by the High Court of Orissa.. The a.ppella.nts a.re the Sta.te of Orissa. a.nd the Collector of Commercia.l Ta.xes, Orissa.. The respondent is a. pa.rtnership firm ca.lied Messrs. Cha.kobha.i Ghela.bha.i a.nd Compa.ny dealing in 'bidi' lea.ves.

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The short fa.cts a.re these. The respondent firm ha.s its hea.dqua.rters in Ba.gbehera. in Ma.dhya. Pra.desh.

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1 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

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721

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'9⁶⁰

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During the years 1948 to 1951 it was engaged in collecting 'bidi' leaves from certain forest areas in Orissa. The leaves so collected were made up into bundles and stored in the respondent's godowns in Orissa. They were then sold and despatched tp various destinations outside the State of Orissa. The respondent did not get itself registered as a dealer under the Orissa Sales Tax Act,, 1947 (Orissa Act XIV of 1947), hereinafter called the Act. On July 21, 1950; a notice was issued to the respondent by the Assistant Sales Tax Officer, Patna Circle, requiring it to submit a return in Form No .. IV showing separately the particulars of its turnover for each of the quarters commencing October, 1947, and upto June 30, 1950. The respondent .was also asked to•show cause why a penalty should not be imposed on it under s. 12(5) of the Act. To this notice the respondent sent a reply to the effect, substantially, that it carried on no selling business in Orissa and was, therefore under no liability to register itself as a dealer in Orissa or to pay sales tax under the ·Act. Thereafter, the respondent took no part in the assessment proceedings and made no appearance before the assessing authority exQept on June 30, 1951, when one of its partners Narvaram Popatbhai appeared and said tha.t the accounts were at Bagbehera and the despatches of . 'bidi' leaves from Orissa were mixed up with other despatches and, therefore, he was not in a position to give a correct account of the business in Orissa. It was admitted, however, that the 'bidi' leaves were collected in Orissa, were processed and manufactured for sale and then stored in godowus in Orissa; they were then sold and despatched to different customers outside Orissa.' The assessing authority held on the materials before it that the transfer of property in the 'bidi' leaves sold and despatched to customers as aforesaid was completed in Orissa and the respondent wilfully failed to get itself registered and to submit a return of its turnover. The assessing authority then proceeded to assess the tax to the best of its judgment and determined the taxable turnover to be Rs. 61,250 for each of the twelve quarters, the first quarter ending

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State of Orissa v. Chakobhai Ghelabhai .s. Co.

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-- 5· K. Das J.

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•

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SUP.i<.EME COURT REPORTS [1961]

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722

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on June 30, 1948, and the !&st quarter ending on 5101^{_,ofOms•_March 31,1951.It also imposed a penalty of Rs. 500} v. for each quarter. The orders of assessment were made Chakobhai on two dates-on July 4, 1951, for four quarters and G1"1abhai <So Co. on August 29, 1951, for thr remaining eight quarters. S. K. Das j.^{Against these orders of assessment the respondent} went up in appeal to the Assistant Collector of Sales Tax, Sambalpur. One of the pleas taken before the appellate authority was that the respondent was not a dealer in Orissa inasmuch as the sales of' bidi 'leaves were not effected in Orissa.. In the course of the hearing of 'the appeal this plea was given up, and it was admitted by the respondent's pleader that "the sales were completed in Orissa ". The appeal was then heard on the contentions that (1) the turnover determined was excessive, and (2) that no penalty should have been imposed. These contentions were rejected by the appellate authority. The respondent then moved in revision, but the revision pet.ition having been filed out of time was rejected by the Collector of Commercial Taxes, Orissa.

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The respondent then moved the High Court of Orissa. by means of a writ petition in which it was contended that (I) the respondent was not a dealer in Orissa ; (2) that the sales of the post-Constitution period were sales within the meaning of the Explanation to Art. 286(l)(a) as it then stood and Orissa could not tax them ; (3) that the notice under s. 12(5) of the Act wa.s bad on various grounds; (4) that the fees levied under rule 59 of the OriBBa Sales Tax Rules, 1947, on the respondent's memorandum of a.ppeal and revision applica.tion were not justified in law; and (5) that the assessment was illegally made and so also the penalty under s. 12(5) of the Act. On these contentions the respondent a.sked for a. writ quashing the assessment proceedings and the notices of dema.nd and for a direction for a refund of the fees pa.id. The High Court a.llowed the petition by its judgment and order da.ted September 5, 1955. It set a.side the a.ssessment orders, directed a. refund of the fees paid and further made an order that the respondent shall be directed " to furnish a. return of its transactions

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1 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

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723

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under s. 11 for the period for which it had been served with a. notice under s. 11(1) of the Act". In support of its orders the High Court ca.me to t e h^,, iO^JI owing findings: (1) that the assessment orders were bad because of the repeal of the second proviso to s. 2(g) of the Act defining "Sa.le'', by the Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950; (2) that the levy of fees on a graded scale amounted to the imposition of a tax which was unwarranted and beyond the rule ma.king power of the State.Government; and (3) that the notice issued under s. 12(5) was not in accordance with law.

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i96o State of Orissa v. Chakobhai Ghelabhai .s. Co. 5· K. Das J.

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On behalf of the appellants it has been .contended that the High Court was in error in respect of all the three findings at which it had arrived. As to the finding of the High Court that the assessment orders were bad because of the repeal of the second· proviso to s. 2(g) of the Act, we think that the High Court was clearly in error. In view of the admission ma.de on behalf of the· respondent, it was quite unnecessary to deal with the second proviso s. 2(g) of the Act or to consider the effect of its repeal by the Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950, or the effect of the saving clause in para.graph 20 thereof. The admission on behalf of the respondent, made in very clear terms as riicorded by the appellate authority, was that the sales were completed in Orissa. Section 2(g) of the Act states :

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" S. 2(g)---:" sale " means, with all its grammatical variations and cognate expre~sions, any transfer of property in goods for cash or deferred payment or other valuable consideration; including a transfer of property· in goods involved in the execution of contract but does not include a mortgage, hypotheca.tion, charge or pledge."

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The admission made in this case clearly brings the sales of' bidi' leaves within s. 2(g) of the Act; and as the sales were completed in Orissa, they were liable to tax under the Act. It was quite unnecessary to go to the second proviso to s. 2(g) in view of the admission of the respondent.

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Learned Counsel for the respondent suggested that the admission made by the respondent's pleader was an admission on a question of law and, therefore, not

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724 SCPRE.ME COURT REPORTS [1961]

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' I

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binding on the respondent. We do not agree. The question where a sale is completed depends on facts State of Orissa v. and is not a pure question of law. It is worthy of Chakobhai note that at no stage sub•equent to the admission did Ghelabhai 6- Co. the respondent repudiate it or challenge its correctness. Even in the wit petition it was not stated S. K. Das j. that a wrong admission had been ma.de ; on the contrary the appellate authority's order in which the admission was set out was an annexure to the writ petition. It is indeed true that is paragraph 13(a.) of the writ petition a contntion was raised with regard to the sales of the post-Constitution period and a· refer. ence was ma.de to the Explanation to Art. 286(l)(a.) as it then stood. But the necessary a.verments to attract the Explanation were not ma.de, and nowhere was it stated that the goods were despatched outside Orissa. for the purpose of consumption in the delivery State. In other words, no foundation was la.id for making a distinct.ion between the pre-Constitution and post-Constitut.ion sales, and with regard to a.II of them it was admitted that they were completed in Orisea.-a.n admission which was never repudiated or challenged·. We are, therefor!', of the opinion that the High Court. was clearly in error in its first finding as to the unconstitutionality of the assessment orders made.

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Ghelabhai 6- Co.

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We think that the High Coun was also in error iu its finding as to the legality of the fees levied on the memorandum of appeal and the application in revisiun. Section 29 of the Act deals with the rule ma.king power. It states:

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"S. 29(1)-The State Government may, subject to the condition of previous publication, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.

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(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may prescribe-

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(s) the procedure for and other matters (including fees) incidental to, the disposal of appeals and applications for revision and review under s. 23."

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Rule 59 of tho Orissa Sales Tax Hules, 1947, so far as it is relevant for our purpose says:-

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725

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1 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

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"R. 59. Fees-Subject to the provisions of rule 60 the following fees shall be payable:-

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(i) ........................... . ............................. ! (ii) On. a memorandum Five per cent of the of appeal against an order· amount in dispute calof assessment or penalty or culated to the nearest both or an application for rupee subject to a mini. revision or review of such mum of one rupee and order. maximum of one hundr-

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maximum of one hundred r·upees.

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State of .Orissa v.

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Chakobhai Ghelabhai & Co.

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S. K. Das].

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(iii) . . . . .. .. . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . .............................. .

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(iv) On an application One rupee. " for revision.

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The first question is if s. 29(2)(s) in so far as it empowers the State Government to make a rule prescrib. ing fees for appeals and applications in revision was within the legislative competence of the Provincial Legislature. The Act. was enacted in 1947 and the source of legislative power must be found in the Government of India Act, 1935. Item 48 of List II (Proviricial Legislative List) in the Seventh Schedule of the ·said Act related to "Taxes on the sale of goods " and item 54 read : " Fees in respect of any of the matters in this list, but not including fees taken in any court". Item 1 related inter alia to" constitution and organisation of all courts except the Federal Court, and fees taken therein." The High Court held that the assessing authorities including the Assistant Collector of Sales Tax and the Collector of Commercial Taxes, Orissa, were not courts in the strict sense of the term "Court", though they exercis.ed quasi. judicial functions under the Act. We think that that is a correct view .. But it does not necessarily follow that the fees imposed under r. 59 read with s. 29(2)(s) are illegal. U oder items 48 and 54 the then Provin. cial Legislature had power to make a law for taxes on the sale of goods and for fees in respect th')reof. Even with regard to Court.fees, the Provincial Legislature had power to make a law under item I. We do not think that s. 29(2) (s) can be held to be bad on the ground of legislative incompetence. Nor do we think that r. 59 goes beyond what is permitted 'under s. 29(2)(s). The fees imposed a.re not taxes; they

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726 SUPREME COURT REPORTS

¶70

[1961]

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z96o come within the expression " other matters (including fees) incidental to the disposal of appeals and applica- State of Orissa v. tions for revision etc-". We are unable to agree with Chakobhai the High Court that the word 'incidental' has refer- Gh<labhai .s. Co. ence to a matter of casual nature only. The·procedure for disposal of an appeal includes as a necessary inci- s. K. Das J. dental matter the filing of an appeal on a proper fee. The distinction between a tax and a foo was considered by this Court in The Commissioner, Hindu Religious Endowments, Madras v. Sri Lakshmindra Thirtha Swamiar of Sri Shirur Mutt (¹ ) and it is unnecessary to repeat what was said there. We consider that the fees imposed by r. 59 are for services rendered by a Governmental agency and though ordinarily fees are uniform, there may be various kinds of fees and it is not possible to formulate a definition that would be applicable to all cases.

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Now, the last finding of the Hfgh Court is that the notice under s. 12(5) wa.s not in accordance with law. Here again we think that the High Court was in error. The notice was issued in Form no. VI, which is a combined form for the purposes of ss. 11 and 12. A foot-note appended to the form required the aBSessing authority to score out unneceBSary words. The High Court points out that this was not done. We are, however, unable to agree with the High Court that the failure to score out unnecessary words made the notice bad in law. The respondent sent a reply to the notice and claimed that it was not a dealer in Orissa. Obviously, the respondent had no difficulty in understanding that the notice was one under s. 12(5) of the Act. The notice stated in terms that the respondent should show cause why a penalty should not be imposed under s. 12{5) of the Act. Section 12(5) as it stood at the relevant tinie was in these terms :

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"S. 12(5). If upon information which has come into his possession, the Collector is satisfied that any dealer has been liable to pay tax under this Act in respect of any period and has nevertheless wilfully failed to apply for registration, the Collector shall, after giving the dealer a reasonable opportunity of being heard, assess, to the best of his judgment, the - (1) [19,4) S.C.R. 1005,

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l S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS

¶75

727·

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'9⁶⁰

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amount of tax, if any, due from the dealer in respect '9⁶⁰ of such period and all subsequent periods and the State of Orissa Collector may direct that the dealer shall pay, by way v. of penalty, in addition to the amount so assessed, a Chakobhai sum not exceeding one and a -half times that amount." Ghetabhai 6- Co. It has been argued before us that one notice was issued for several quarters and an assessment was 5· K. Dr1;s f., made for each quarter sepaJ"ately-four quarters on July 4, 1951, and eight quarters on August 29, 1951. This, it is contended, was illegal. We are unable to accept this contention· as correct. Section 12(5) talks of a period, and the period may consist of more than one quarter. The return has, however, to be submitted in Form IV which read with r. 20 of the Orissa Sales Tax Rules, 1947, requires the assessee to furnish details of his turnover for each quarter. The assessment must, therefore, be made on the taxable turnover of each quarter.

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Lastly, it has been argued that there was no notice under s. 12(5) for the last three quarters and, therefore,-for those' quarters the assessment orders must be held to be bad. The appellate authority has pointed out that even for the last three quarters the assessing officer, after he had made his orders of assessment in the first five quarters, had directed the respondent to produce his accounts, but no accounts were produced. Section 12(5) enables the assessing authority to make a best judgment assessment for "all subsequent periods " after giving the dealer a reasonable oppor- ' tunity of being heard. Such an opportunity was given in the present case even in respect of the last three quarters, and we are. unable to hold that the assessment for the last three quarters was bad.

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For the reasons given above, we must allow this appeal, set aside 'the judgment and order of the High Court dated September 5, 1955, and disll).iss the writ petition of the respondent. The appellants will be entitled to their costs of the proceedings in the High Court and in this Court.

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Appeal allowed.

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The State of Orissa and Another v. M/S. Chakobhai Ghelabhai and Company

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

What the court decided

The State of Orissa and Another v. M/S. Chakobhai Ghelabhai and Company

Case brief

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What did the court decide?

What the court decided

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