Dismissed

Trilok Mittal S/O Shri Bhanwar Lal v. Balbir Kumar Chaurdiya Adopted S/O Birdichand Chaurdiya

Rajasthan HC3 Dec 2025CSA/377/2025

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

This was a second civil appeal where the High Court of Rajasthan examined the maintainability of the appeal. The Court held that the certified questions did not disclose substantial questions of law as no errors of law or fact admissibility were made by the lower courts.

What did the court decide?

The second civil appeal is dismissed on its own motion for being devoid of merit as no substantial question of law arises.

Trilok Mittal S/O Shri Bhanwar Lal Vs… — Civil Procedure and Limitation | Rajasthan HC (2025)

¶1

[2025:RJ-JP:49604]

¶2

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR

¶3

S.B. Civil Second Appeal No. 377/2025

¶4

Trilok Mittal S/o Shri Bhanwar Lal, Aged About 62 Years, Owner And Occupation Vijay Medical Store, Opp. Hospital, ByawarBijaynagar Road, Bijaynagar Distt. Ajmer

¶5

----Appellant

¶6

Versus

¶7

Balbir Kumar Chaurdiya Adopted S/o Birdichand Chaurdiya, R/o Bapu Bazar, Bijaynagar, Distt. Ajmer, At Present R/o B-28, Newlight Colony, Tonk Road, Jaipur

¶8

----Respondent

¶9

For Appellant(s)	: Mr.	Chain Singh Rathore
	Mr.	Vikas Meena
For Respondent(s)	: Mr.	Prahlad Sharma

¶10

HON'BLE MRS. JUSTICE SHUBHA MEHTA Order

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03/12/2025

¶12

vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls ;g flfoy f}rh; vihy] vihyh; U;k;ky; vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&2 C;koj ftyk vtesj ds fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 22-05-2025 ,oa fopkj.k U;k;ky; flfoy U;k;k/kh'k fot;uxj ds fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 14-03-2022 ds fo:) izLrqr dh xbZ gSA mDr nksuksa gh fu.kZ;ksa }kjk vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo:) /kkjk 106 lEifRr varj.k vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds varxZr vf/kfu"dklu ifjlj fdjk;k ,oa e/;orhZ ykHk dh fMØh ikfjr dh xbZ gSA

¶13

mDr f}rh; vihy dh xzkg~;rk ds lEcU/k esa lquk x;kA

¶14

vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk rdZ gS fd nksuksa gh U;k;ky;ksa us vihykFkhZ@izfroknh }kjk tks vk{ksi oknksRrj esa fy, x, Fks] muds lEcU/k esa fook|d fufeZr ugha fd, gSa rFkk oknh dks fookfnr ifjlj dh ln~Hkkoh vko';drk Fkh] ;g rF; Hkh fook|d cukdj fu.khZr ugha fd;k x;k gSA

¶15

mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd jktLFkku fdjk;k fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e 2001 fookfnr ifjlj ds lEcU/k esa ykxw gksus lEcU/kh nksuksa U;k;ky;ksa dk fu"d"kZ xyr gSA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd iwoZ esa i{kdkjksa ds e/; ,d flfoy okn

[2025:RJ-JP:49604]

[CSA-377/2025]

(2 of 8)

lafLFkr gqvk Fkk ftlesa i{kdkjksa ds chp jkthukek gqvk Fkk] ml jkthukek dk okn ij vlj Hkh nksuksa gh U;k;ky; us lgh :i ls fu.khZr ugha fd;k gS vkSj mlds fo:) fu"dklu dh fMØh ikfjr dh xbZ gSA

¶20

mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd nksuksa gh U;k;ky;ksa us izdj.k esa vkbZ egRoiw.kZ lk{; dks utjvankt fd;k gSA oknh ds iq= us Lo;a us viuh izfrijh{kk esa Lo;a dks ifjlj dh vko';drk gksus ls bUdkj fd;k gS vkSj bu lHkh rF;ksa dh vuns[kh djrs gq, Hkh mDr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh ikfjr fd, x, gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa vihykFkhZ ds }kjk f}rh; vihy esa izLrkfor fof/k ds lkjoku iz'uksa ij vihy xzkg~; dh tkos rFkk lquokbZ dh tkosA lkFk gh fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukafdr 22-05-2025 ds fu"iknu dh dk;Zokgh Hkh LFkfxr dh tkosA

¶21

izR;FkhZ@edku ekfyd@fMØhnkj ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk rdZ gS fd /kkjk 100 O;ogkj izfØ;k lafgrk ds varxZr vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fMØh ds fo:) vihy ;g U;k;ky; dsoy fof/k ds lkjoku iz'uksa ij gh xzkg~; dj ldrk gS ijarq bl izdj.k esa fof/k ds lkjoku iz'u rks D;k dksbZ fof/k dk iz'u gh mRiUu ugha gks jgk gSA

¶22

mudk rdZ gS fd okn tujy LVksj gkWLihVy ds lkeus C;koj&fot;uxj jksM ¼n;kuan ekxZ½ ij fLFkr fdjk,'kqnk ifjlj nqdku ls lEcfU/kr gS rFkk mDr {ks= esa jktLFkku fdjk;k fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e 2001 ds ykxw gksus lEcU/kh dksbZ vf/klwpuk tkjh ugha gqbZ gS ,oa lEifRr varj.k vf/kfu;e ds izko/kku gh ykxw gksr s gS a A bl lEcU/k esa nksuksa U;k;ky;ksa us vius fu.kZ; esa foospu Hkh fd;k gSA mudk rdZ gS fd vihykFkhZ ;g nf'kZr ugha dj ldk gS fd ,slh dksbZ vf/klwpuk tkjh gqbZ gksA

¶23

mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd /kkjk 106 lEifRr varj.k vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds varxZr ekfld fdjk,nkjh dks 15 fnol dk uksfVl nsdj lekIr fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk izR;FkhZ }kjk bl izdkj dk oS/k uksfVl fn;k x;k gSA oknh us izekf.kr fd;k gS fd og uksfVl vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dks izkIr gks x;k gSA nksuksa gh U;k;ky;ksa us bl lEcU/k esa lk{; dk foospu djds leorhZ fu"d"kZ fn, gSa fd ,slk oS/k uksfVl izfroknh dks mldh fdjk,nkjh lekIr djrs gq, fn;k x;k gS rFkk og

[2025:RJ-JP:49604]

[CSA-377/2025]

(3 of 8)

uksfVl izfroknh dks izkIr gqvk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa rF;ksa ds mDr leorhZ fu"d"kksaZ esa ;g U;k;ky; gLr{ksi ugha dj ldrk gSA oS/k uksfVl nsdj tc fdjk,nkjh lekIr dh tk pqdh gS rks izR;FkhZ ds i{k esa fu"dklu dh fMØh tks ikfjr dh xbZ gS mlds fo:) ;g f}rh; vihy iks"k.kh; ugha gSA

¶28

mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd iwoZ dk okn vihykFkhZ@fdjk,nkj dh vksj ls izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj mlesa gq, jkthukek dk dksbZ vlj bl okn ij ugha gS rFkk blls oknh ds fdjk,nkjh lekIr djus lEcU/kh vf/kdkj izHkkfor ugha gksrs gSaA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd /kkjk 106 lEifRr varj.k vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds varxZr vf/kfu"dklu ifjlj ds fy, ln~Hkkoh vko';drk dks izekf.kr djus dh vko';drk ugha gS vkSj bl lEcU/k esa dksbZ fook|d cuk, tkus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd bl U;k;ky; dks f}rh; vihy esa lEiw.kZ lk{; ,oa vfHkys[k dk iquewZY;kadu ugha djuk gksrk gSA vius rdksZa ds leFkZu esa mudh vksj ls fuEu U;kf;d fofu'p; is'k fd, x, gSa%&

¶29

1- 'kadjyky uknkuh&cuke&lksguyky tSu 2022 ¼1½ MCY;w ,y lh 547 ¼jkt0½

¶30

2- lq[kchjh nsoh ,oa vU;&cuke&;wfu;u vkWQ bf.M;k 2022 ¼8½ MCY;w ,y lh 341 ¼,llh½

¶31

mDr rdZ izLrqr djrs gq, mUgksaus izkFkZuk dh fd f}rh; vihy dks xzkg~; djus ds fy, dksbZ fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u (substantial question of law) izdj.k esa ugha gS] ,slh fLFkfr esa xzkg~;rk ds izØe ij gh ;g vihy fujLr dh tkosA nksuksa i{kksa ds rdksZa ij euu fd;k x;kA i=koyh dk /;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k x;kA

¶32

izdj.k ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj ls gSa fd izR;FkhZ@oknh us ,d okn varxZr vkns'k 7 fu;e 1 lhihlh lifBr /kkjk 106 lEifr varj.k vf/kfu;e okLrs csn[kyh fdjk,'kqnk ifjlj o olwyh fdjk;k gsrq fopkj.k U;k;yk; esa vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ds fo:) bl vk'k; dk izLrqr fd;k fd vihykFkhZ@izfroknh mlds ifjlj esa 250@&:i;s izfrekg ij fdjk,nkj gSA fdjk;k vaxzsth ekg dh igyh rkjh[k ls 'kq: gksdj vafre rkjh[k dks lekIr gksrk gSA izfroknh us fnukad 01-

[2025:RJ-JP:49604]

[CSA-377/2025]

(4 of 8)

02-2015 ls 31-05-2018 rd dk fdjk;k vnk ugha djds vnk;xh esa O;frØe fd;k gSA oknh ds iq= vkfnR; pksjfM;k dks O;olk; ds fy, nqdku dh vko';drk gS blfy, mlus vius vf/koDrk ds ek/;e ls izfroknh dks iathd`r uksfVl fnukad 0406-2018 izsf"kr dj fdjk,nkjh dks lekIr djrs gq, uksfVl izkfIr ds 15 fnu ds Hkhrj [kkyh dCtk lkSaius ds fy, lwfpr fd;kA uksfVl izkIr ds ckn Hkh izfroknh us ifjlj [kkyh ugha fd;k] u gh fdjk;k vnk fd;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa oknh us vf/kfu"dklu ifjlj] cdk;k fdjk;k olwyh ,oa e/;orhZ ykHk dk okn is'k fd;kA

¶37

izfroknh us tokc izLrqr dj tokc esa fdjk,nkjh dks Lohdkjk ijarq ;g dFku vafdr fd;k fd twu 2018 rd dk fdjk;k og tek djk pqdk gS] fdjk;k cdk;k ugha gSA oknh ds iq= dks lEifRr dh vko';drk ugha gSA oknh }kjk dksbZ uksfVl mls fdjk,nkjh lekIr djrs gq, izsf"kr ugha djok;k x;k gS u gh ,slk dksbZ uksfVl izfroknh dks feykA fdjk,nkjh fof/kor :i ls lekIr ugha dh xbZ gSA oknh vdsyk ifjlj dk Lokeh ugha gS] okn nk;jh ds fnu C;koj esa jktLFkku fdjk;k fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e 2001 ds izko/kku ykxw Fks blfy, ;g okn ugha py ldrk gS] blds fujLr fd;k tk,A

¶38

i{kdkjksa ds vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij fook|d fufeZr dj U;k;ky; us nksuksa i{kdkjksa dh lk{; ysus ds mijkUr ;g fu.khZr fd;k fd i{kdkjksa ds e/; ekfld fdjk,nkjh fookfnr ifjlj ds fy, Fkh rFkk mDr fdjk,nkjh oknh us /kkjk 106 lEifRr varj.k vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds varxZr izfroknh dks fof/kiw.kZ uksfVl fnukad 04-06-2018 dks nsdj lekIr dj nh gSA fopkj.k U;k;ky; us lk{; ds vk/kkj ij fdjk;k Hkh cdk;k gksuk ekudj mldh olwyh dh Hkh fMØh ikfjr dh rFkk ;g Hkh fu.khZr fd;k fd fot;uxj U;k;{ks= esa jktLFkku fdjk;k fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e 2001 ds izko/kku ykxw ugha gksrs gSa rFkk /kkjk 106 lEifRr varj.k vf/kfu;e ds izko/kku gh ykxw gksrs gSaA bl izdkj ls oknh ds i{k esa vf/kfu"dklu ifjlj] cdk;k fdjk;k ukS gtkj :i;s ,oa vkf/kiR; izkIr djus rd e/;orhZ ykHk 01-07-2018 ls 3500@&:i;s izfrekg dh fMØh ikfjr dhA

¶39

bl fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh ls O;fFkr gksdj izfroknh dh vksj ls izFke vihy vihyh; U;k;ky; vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&2 C;koj ftyk vtesj esa izLrqr dh

[2025:RJ-JP:49604]

[CSA-377/2025]

(5 of 8)

vkSj mDr U;k;ky; us Hkh fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa vkbZ lk{; dk foospu djrs gq, izfroknh dh vihy fujLr dh ,oa fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dh iqf"V dhA mDRk izFke vihy ds fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh ds fo:) ;g f}rh; vihy vihykFkhZ@izfroknh dh vksj ls izLrqr dh xbZ gSA

¶44

nksuksa i{kksa ds rdksZa ij euu fd;k x;kA i=koyh dk /;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k x;kA

¶45

/kkjk 100 lhihlh ds izko/kkuksa ds varxZr fdlh Hkh vihyh; U;k;ky; dh fMØh ds fo:) dh xbZ vihy bl U;k;ky; esa ;fn ekeys esa dksbZ lkjoku fof/k dk iz'u varofyZr gks rHkh xzkg~; dh tk ldrh gSA orZeku ekeys esa vihykFkhZ dk ;g rdZ jgk gS fd U;k;ky; dks izR;FkhZ@oknh ds iq= dh futh ,oa lnHkkoh vko';drk lEcU/kh fook|d fojfpr dj ml ij fu.kZ; fd;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA geus bl rdZ ij euu fd;kA /kkjk 106 lEifRr vUrj.k vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds varxZr fdlh Hkh fdjk,nkjh@yht dks fof/kiw.kZ uksfVl nsdj lekaIr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bl izdkj ls fdjk,nkjh lekIr gksus ij edku ekfyd ifjlj ls fdjk,nkj dk vf/kfu"dklu djok ldrk gSA blds fy, edku ekfyd@oknh dks viuh dksbZ futh ,oa lnHkkoh vko';drk ifjlj gsrq nf'kZr djus dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gSA

¶46

tgka rd fookfnr ifjlj ds lEcU/k esa jktLFkku fdjk;k fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e 2001 ds ykxw gksus dk iz'u gS rks jktLFkku fdjk;k fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e 2001 ds izko/kku mDr {ks= ds fy, ykxw fd, tkus lEcU/kh dksbZ vf/klwpuk vihykFkhZ us is'k ugha dh gSA bl lEcU/k esa fopkj.k vFkok izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us Li"Vr% ;g vadu fd;k gS fd mDr vf/kfu;e bl {ks= ds ykxw ugha fd;k x;k gSA

¶47

iwoZ dk tks okn fdjknkj }kjk izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj fdjk,nkj rFkk Hkw&Lokeh esa tks le>kSrk gqvk gS mldk dksbZ vlj edku ekfyd@oknh ds /kkjk 106+ lEifRr varj.k vf/kfu;e ds varxZr fdjk,nkjh dks lekIr djus ds vf/kdkjksa ij ugha gksrk gSA

¶48

tgka rd vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk ds bl rdZ fd tgka U;k;ky; }kjk lk{; dks fopkj esa ugha fy;k x;k gS rFkk xyr :i ls i<+k x;k gS rks ogka f}rh; vihy xzkg~; fd, tkus ;ksX; gS] ij euu fd;kA fof/k dh bl fLFkfr

(6 of 8)

[2025:RJ-JP:49604]

[CSA-377/2025]

ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ nks jk; ugha gS fd tgka fopkj.k ,oa izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us lk{; dks xyr :i ls i<+dj fu"d"kZ fudkyk gks vkSj lgh :i ls i<+us esa mlds foijhr fu"d"kZ fudyrk gks rks ogka ,sls fu.kZ; ds fo:) f}rh; vihy xzkg~; gS rFkk ,sls ekeyksa esa Hkh xzkg~; gS tgka lkjoku lk{; dks fopkj esa gh ugha fy;k x;k gks vFkok ,slh lk{; dks fopkj esa fy;k x;k gks tks fof/k ds izko/kkuksa ds varxZr vxzkg~; (Inadmissible) gksA

¶53

ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us vius U;kf;d fofu'p; ,llqczef.k;u&cuke&,l jkekLkkeh ¼2019½ 6 ,llhlh 461 esa fuEu fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k gS&

¶54

Even otherwise, it is required to be noted that as per catena of decisions of this Court and even as provided under Section 100 of the CPC, the Second Appeal would be maintainable only on substantial question of law. The Second Appeal does not lie on question of facts or of law. The existence of ‘a substantial question of law’ is a sine qua non for the exercise of the jurisdiction under Section 100 of the CPC. As observed and held by this Court in the case of Kondiba Dagadu Kadam (Supra), in a second appeal under Section 100 of the CPC, the High Court cannot substitute its own opinion for that of the First Appellate Court, unless it finds that the conclusions drawn by the lower Court were erroneous being: (i) Contrary to the mandatory provisions of the applicable law; OR

¶55

(ii) Contrary to the law as pronounced by the Apex Court; OR (iii) Based on inadmissible evidence or no evidence. It is further observed by this Court in the aforesaid decision that if the First Appellate Court has exercised its discretion in a judicial manner, its decision cannot be recorded as suffering from an error either of law or of procedure requiring interference in Second Appeal. It is further observed that the Trial Court could have decided differently is not a question of law justifying interference in Second Appeal.

[2025:RJ-JP:49604]

[CSA-377/2025]

(7 of 8)

8.3 When a substantial question of law can be said to have arisen, has been dealt with and considered by this Court in the case of Ishwar Dass Jain (Supra). In the aforesaid decision, this Court has specifically observed and held : “Under Section 100 CPC, after the 1976 amendment, it is essential for the High Court to formulate a substantial question of law and it is not permissible to reverse the judgment of the first appellate court without doing so. There are two situations in which interference with findings of fact is permissible. The first one is when material or relevant evidence is not considered which, if considered, would have led to an opposite conclusion. The second situation in which interference with findings of fact is permissible is where a finding has been arrived at by the appellate court by placing reliance on inadmissible evidence which if it was omitted, an opposite conclusion was possible. In either of the above situations, a substantial question of law can arise.”

¶60

8.4 Applying the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid decisions and the substantial questions of law formulated/framed and answered by the High Court, reproduced hereinabove, it cannot be said that the said questions of law can be said to be substantial questions of law. All can be said to be questions of law or questions of fact and cannot be said to be Substantial Questions of law.

¶61

orZeku izdj.k esa edku ekfyd@izR;FkhZ }kjk fdjk,nkjh lekIr fd, tkus gsrq uksfVl fn;k tkuk rFkk mDr uksfVl dh fdjk,nkj dks izkfIr ds lEcU/k esa lk{; dk foospu dj fopkj.k U;k;ky; ,oa rRi'pkr~ vihyh; U;k;ky; us ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd fof/kor :i ls uksfVl fn;k x;k Fkk tks fdjk,nkj dks izkIr gks x;k FkkA nksuksa U;k;ky;ksa }kjk uksfVl nsus vkSj mls izkIr gksus ds lEcU/k esa tks fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k gS og loZFkk euekuk gks vFkok nLrkostksa dks xyr :i ls i<+us vFkok vxzkg; (Inadmissible) lk{; ds vk/kkj ij fudkyk x;k gks] ,slk nf'kZr ugha gks jgk gS] u gh vihykFkhZ ,slk nf'kZr dj ldk gS] oju~ bl lEcU/k esa lk{; ds

(8 of 8)

[2025:RJ-JP:49604]

[CSA-377/2025]

v/;;u ls ;g Li"V gks jgk gS fd nksuksa U;k;ky;ksa dk bl lEcU/k esa fu"d"kZ lk{; ds lgh ewY;kadu ij vk/kkfjr gSA

¶66

,slh fLFkfr esa gekjs fopkj ls izdj.k esa dksbZ lkjoku fof/k dk iz'u ugha curk gS vkSj bl f}rh; vihy esa dksbZ lkj (Merit) ugha gSA bl f}rh; vihy dks lquokbZ gsrq xzkg~; fd, tkus dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha gSA ;g f}rh; vihy fujLruh; gS] vr% xzkg~;rk ds izØe ij gh fujLr dh tkrh gSA rnuqlkj LFkxu ,oa vU; dksbZ izkFkZuk&i= ;fn yfEcr gksa rks os Hkh mDrkuqlkj fuLrkfjr fd, tkrs gSaA

¶67

(SHUBHA MEHTA),J

¶68

AJAY KUMAR SINGHAL /06

Trilok Mittal S/O Shri Bhanwar Lal v. Balbir Kumar Chaurdiya Adopted S/O Birdichand Chaurdiya

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Trilok Mittal S/O Shri Bhanwar Lal v. Balbir Kumar Chaurdiya Adopted S/O Birdichand Chaurdiya

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

What the court decided

A compact analysis

Issues for consideration

Cases cited

Statutes considered

Parties & counsel

Coram

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