Second appeal under Section 100 CPC against concurrent findings of eviction for non-payment of rent. Held, no substantial question of law arises; concurrent findings cannot be re-appreciated in second appeal. Appeal dismissed.
Civil second appeal dismissed; judgments of the trial court and first appellate court affirmed.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
[2023:RJ-JD:45027]
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHANAT JODHPUR
S.B. Civil SecondAppeal No. 148/2020
----Appellant Versus
ForAppellant(s) : Mr. Dhanesh Kumar Saraswat with Mr. Vipul Dharnia For Respondent(s) : Mr.Ajay Kumar Vyas
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE MADAN GOPAL VYAS
Judgment
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[CSA-148/2020]
Date of Judgment : 14/12/2023
/kkjk 100 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds v/khu ;g vihy vihykFkhZ izfroknh us fo}ku vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k 03] chdkusj ds }kjk flfoy vihy fMØh la[;k 07@2019] jktdqekj vkfn cuke izoh.k dqekj vkfn esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 16-01-2020 ds fo#) izLrqr dh gS] ftlds }kjk fo}ku vihy U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZ dh vihy [kkfjt dh rFkk fo}ku vfrfjDr flfoy U;k;k/kh'k ¼d-[k-½ la[;k 3] chdkusj ds }kjk uacjh nhokuh okn la[;k 263@1998 fo|korh vkfn cuke izHkqnkl esa ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 30-10-2012 dh iqf"V dhA
02izR;FkhZx.k oknhx.k us vihykFkhZ izfroknh ds fo#) fdjk;s'kqnk ifjlj dh csn[kyh o cdk;k fdjk;k olwyh dk nkok oknhx.k us Lo;a o ifjokj dh fjgk;'k gsrq ;qfDr;qDr ,oa ln~Hkkfod futh vko';drk] ifjlj esa rksM+QksM+ dj lkjHkwr ifjorZu djus] izfroknh }kjk oknhx.k dh Lohd`fr ds fcuk fdjk;s'kqnk ifjlj dks lcysV o ikVZfon its'ku djus rFkk fdjk;s ds lank; esa O;frØe djus ds vk/kkj ij izLrqr fd;kA
03izfroknh us tokcnkok izLrqr dj okni= esa vafdr rF;ksa dks vLohdkj fd;kA i{kdkjku~ ds vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fnukad 15-01-2009 dks fuEufyf[kr la'kksf/kr fook|d fojfpr fd, x, %&
01- vk;k fd oknhx.k dks ifjlj eqruktk dk Lo;a o ifjokj ds fjgk;'k gsrq fjtuscy ,oa cksukQkbM futh vko';drk gS \
--- oknh 02- vk;k fd ifjlj eqruktk dh vkaf'kd csn[kyh laHko ugha gS \
--- oknh
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03- vk;k fd izfroknh dh vis{kk oknhx.k dks ifjlj [kkyh u gksus ls vf/kd dfBukbZ gksxh \
--- oknh
--- oknh
--- oknh
06- vk;k izfroknh us ekg ebZ 1996 ds ckn fdjk;k tek ugha djok;k gS] blfy, izfroknh fdjk;k vnk;xh esa pwd ¼fMQkYVj½ dh gS \
--- oknh
07- vuqrks"k \
04fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fnukad 02-06-2004 dks varfje fdjk;s dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;k vkSj ;g vkns'k fn;k fd 2]713 #i;s 50 iSls izfroknh esa cdk;k fudyrs gSaA izfroknh }kjk oknh dks mDr jde cSad [kkrk la[;k crk;s tkus ij cpr cSad [kkrs esa] vU;Fkk U;k;ky; esa 15 fnu ds Hkhrj tek djk nsosaA vk;Unk izfrekg dk fdjk;k mijksDrkuqlkj oknh dks vxys ekg dh 15 rkjh[k ls iwoZ vnk djrk jgsA fnukad 15-01-2009 dks fook|d fojfpr fd, x,] rRi'pkr~ i=koyh lk{; oknh gsrq yafcr jgh ,oa fnukad 11-05-2009 lk{; oknh can dh xbZA fnukad 10-07-2009 lk{; izfroknh esa dksbZ xokg is'k ugha djus ij lk{; izfroknh can dh xbZ vkSj i=koyh fnukad 12-05-2009 dks izLrqr izkFkZuk ds tokc o cgl esa yafcr jghA vknsf'kdk fnukad 21-01-2011 ds vuqlkj izfroknh dh e`R;q gksus ls mlds fof/kd okfjlksa dks vfHkys[k ij ysus gsrq i=koyh fopkjk/khu jghA vknsf'kdk fnukad 24-01-2012 ds vuqlkj izfroknh ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa dks vfHkys[k ij ysus dk vkns'k fn;k x;kA
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4-1 mlh nkSjku oknh dh vksj ls fnukad 20-03-2012 dks ,d izkFkZuk i= izLrqr dj fuosnu fd;k fd varfje :i ls fdjk;k fu/kkZj.k ds i'pkr~ izfroknh o izfroknh ds nsgkar ds i'pkr~ mlds fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa us U;k;ky; ds vkns'kkuqlkj oknh dks u rks fdjk;k vnk fd;k] u Vs.Mj fd;k vkSj u gh U;k;ky; esa tek djok;kA bl izdkj izfroknh ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa us fdjk;s dh vnk;xh esa O;frØe fd;k gS] blfy, izfroknhx.k ds fo#) csn[kyh dh fMØh ikfjr dh tkosA bl izkFkZuk i= dk izfroknhx.k dh vksj ls dksbZ tokc izLrqr ugha fd;k x;kA
4-2 fnukad 21-07-2012 dks izfroknhx.k us ,d izkFkZuk i= /kkjk 151 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk izLrqr dj fuosnu fd;k fd oknh ds izkFkZuk i= fnukad 20-03-2012 dh udy xqe gks xbZ] blfy, tokc ugha fn;k tk ldkA izfroknh dks tkudkjh feyh gS fd erdk fo|knsoh us 5400@&#i;s izkIr djus ds ckn 8 o"kZ dk vfxze fdjk;k erd izHkqnkl ls izkIr dj fy;k Fkk] blfy, fdjk;k tek ugha djok;k x;k FkkA ;g lHkh egRoiw.kZ rF; U;k;ky; ds le{k tokc ds tfj, j[ks tk ldrs gSa] blfy, tokc can djus ds vkns'k dks fjdkWy djds tokc izkFkZuk i= izLrqr djus dh vuqefr nh tk,A
4-3 vknsf'kdk fnukad 21-07-2012 ds vuqlkj izfroknhx.k dk tokc izLrqr djus dh vuqefr ckcr~ izkFkZuk i= 1000@&#i;s dh dksLV ij Lohdkj dj 7 fnol dk le; fn;k] ysfdu fQj Hkh izfroknhx.k dh vksj ls dksbZ tokc izLrqr ugha fd;k x;kA rRi'pkr~ fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vk{ksfir vkns'k fnukad 30-10-2012 ds }kjk oknh izkFkhZ izoh.k jktoa'kh }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= fnukad 20-03-2012 ij fuEufyf[kr vkns'k ikfjr fd;k %&
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Þvr% oknh dk okn fo#) izfroknhx.k vkaf'kd :i ls fMØh fd;k tkdj izfroknhx.k dks ;g vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd os oknxzLr ifjlj fu.kZ; dh fnukad ls nks ekg ds Hkhrj&Hkhrj fjDr dj mldk dCtk oknh dks lqiqnZ djsaA okn O;; i{kdkjku viuk viuk ogu djsaxsA rnuqlkj fMØh ipkZ eqfrZc gksAß
4-4 mi;qZDr vkns'k ds fo#) izfroknhx.k us izFke vihy izLrqr dh] tks fo}ku vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k 03] chdkusj us vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 16-01-2020 ds }kjk lO;; [kkfjt dh vkSj fo}ku vfrfjDr flfoy U;k;k/kh'k ¼d-[k-½ la[;k 03] chdkusj }kjk uacjh nhokuh okn la[;k 263@1998] fo|korh vkfn cuke izHkqnkl esa ikfjr fd, x, fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 30-10-2012 dh iqf"V dhA
4-5 fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr mi;qZDr fu.kZ; o fMØh ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ izfroknh us ;g f}rh; vihy izLrqr dh gSA
05;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ izfroknh us ;g rdZ fn;k fd izR;FkhZx.k oknhx.k us fdjk;s'kqnk ifjlj dks Lo;a o ifjokj dh fjgk;'k gsrq ;qfDr;qDr o ln~Hkkfod futh vko';drk] ifjlj esa rksM+QksM+ dj lkjHkwr ifjorZu djus] izfroknh }kjk oknhx.k dh Lohd`fr ds fcuk fdjk;s'kqnk ifjlj dks lcysV o ikVZfon its'ku djus rFkk izfroknh }kjk fdjk;s dh vnk;xh esa O;frØe djus ds vk/kkjksa ij csn[kyh dk okn izLrqr fd;kA oknhx.k dh vksj ls fook|dksa dh iqf"V esa dksbZ lk{; izLrqr ugha dh xbZ gS] blfy, fdjk;s dh vnk;xh esa O;frØe ds vk/kkj ij csn[kyh dh fMØh ikfjr ugha dh tk ldrh gSA fdjk;s dh vnk;xh esa O;frØe dkfjr djus dk fook|d lkfcr djus dk Hkkj oknhx.k ij gS] ysfdu oknhx.k us bl fook|d ds leFkZu esa
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dksbZ lk{; izLrqr ugha dh gSA izfroknhx.k us fdjk;k vnk dj fn;k] ;g fl)h Hkkj izfroknhx.k ij ugha Mkyk tk ldrk gSA fdjk;k tek ugha djokus ds laca/k esa izfroknhx.k dh dksbZ Lohdfr ugha gSA /kkjk 13¼4½ jktLFkku ifjlj ¼fdjk;k ,oa csn[kyh fu;a=.k½ vf/kfu;e] 1950 ¼ftls vkxs vf/kfu;e] 1950 ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ dh vuqikyuk gksus ij izFke O;frØe dk ykHk fdjk;snkj dks fn;k tk ldrk gSA eheks vkWQ vihy ds i"B la[;k 12 o 13 esa dqy 7 fof/k ds lkjoku iz'u izLrkfor fd, x, gSaA muds vuqlkj fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ,oa fo}ku izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; o fMØh mfpr ,oa fof/klEer ugha gS] ftls vikLr fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA mUgksaus vius bu rdksZa dh iqf"V esa fuEufyf[kr uthjsa izLrqr dha %&
06;ksX; vf/koDrk izR;FkhZx.k oknhx.k us fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ,oa fo}ku izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; o fMØh dk leFkZu fd;k vkSj ;g rdZ fn;k fd vihykFkhZ izfroknh us /kkjk 13¼4½ vf/kfu;e] 1950 ds rgr varfje :i ls fu/kkZfjr fdjk;k vkSj mlds ckn dk fdjk;k HkwLokeh dks u rks vnk fd;k] u Vs.Mj fd;k vkSj u gh U;k;ky; esa tek djok;k gSA izfroknhx.k }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= varxZr /kkjk 151 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk fnukad 21-07-2012 ds vuqlkj izfroknh dks tkudkjh izkIr gqbZ gS fd e`rdk fo|knsoh us
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5400@&#i;s izkIr djus ds ckn 8 o"kZ dk vfxze fdjk;k erd izHkqnkl ls izkIr dj fy;k FkkA bl izdkj izfroknhx.k us bl izkFkZuk i= esa oknhx.k dks cdk;k fdjk;k vnk ugha djuk Lohdkj fd;k gSA bl laca/k esa fo}ku izFke vihy U;k;ky; us vk{ksfir fu.kZ; esa foLrr :i ls foospu fd;k gSA tc izfroknh dh izfrj{kk dks dkV fn;k tkrk gS rc izfroknh fdjk;snkj dk izfrokn dk vf/kdkj lekIr gks tkrk gS vkSj nkok izfroknhx.k dh Lohd`fr ds vk/kkj ij fu.khZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA gLrxr f}rh; vihy esa dksbZ fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u varxZzLr ugha gS] blfy, vihy Admit ugha dh tkdj bl Lrj ij [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA mUgksaus vius bu rdksZa dh iqf"V esa fuEufyf[kr uthjsa is'k dh %&
07eSaus mi;qZDr ijLij fojks/kh rdksZa ij fopkj fd;kA gLrxr f}rh; flfoy vihy dh xzkg~;rk ds izØe ij ;g fopkj.kh; fcUnq mRiUu gksrk gS fd D;k bl f}rh; flfoy vihy esa fof/k dk dksbZ lkjoku iz'u vUrxzZLr gS vFkok ugha \
08mYys[kuh; gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ,oa fo}ku izFke vihy U;k;ky;] nksuksa dh Concurrent Finding gSA vihykFkhZ izfroknh dk eq[; :i ls ;g rdZ gS fd izR;FkhZx.k oknhx.k dh vksj ls fook|dksa
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dh iqf"V esa dksbZ lk{; izLrqr ugha dh xbZ gS] blfy, fdjk;s dh vnk;xh esa O;frØe ds vk/kkj ij csn[kyh dh fMØh ikfjr ugha dh tk ldrh gSA ;g Lohdr fLFkfr gS fd fook|dksa dh iqf"V esa nksuksa i{kksa dh vksj ls dksbZ lk{; izLrqr ugha dh xbZ gSA izR;FkhZx.k oknhx.k us nkok eq[; :i ls fookfnr ifjlj dh Lo; a o ifjokj dh fjgk;'k gsrq ;qfDr;qDr ,oa ln~Hkkfod futh vko';drk] lkjHkwr ifjorZu djus] ifjlj dks lcysV o ikVZfon its'ku djus o fdjk;s dh vnk;xh esa O;frØe ds vk/kkj ij csn[kyh o cdk;k fdjk;k olwyh gsrq izLrqr fd;k gSA ysfdu vk{ksfir fu.kZ; o fMØh dsoy fdjk;k vnk;xh ds lank; esa O;frØe ds vk/kkj ij ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA oknhx.k us izkFkZuk i= fnukad 20-03-2012 esa Hkh eq[;r% ;g vafdr fd;k gS fd izfroknh vkSj mldh eR;q ds i'pkr~ mlds fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa us U;k;ky; ds vkns'kkuqlkj oknh dks u rks fdjk;k vnk fd;k] u Vs.Mj fd;k vkSj u gh U;k;ky; esa tek djok;kA bl izkFkZuk i= ds leFkZu esa oknh dh vksj ls 'kiFk i= Hkh izLrqr fd;k x;k] ysfdu izfroknhx.k dh vksj ls izkFkZuk i= dk dksbZ tokc izLrqr ugha fd;k x;kA izfroknhx.k us fnukad 21-07-2012 dks /kkjk 151 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk izkFkZuk i= izLrqr dj eq[;r% ;g vafdr fd;k gS fd izfroknhx.k dks tkudkjh gqbZ fd erdk fo|knsoh us 5400@&#i;s izkIr djus ds ckn 8 o"kZ dk vfxze fdjk;k erd izHkqnkl ls izkIr dj fy;k FkkA izfroknhx.k dks ;g tkudkjh fdlls o dc gqbZ] ;g izkFkZuk i= esa vafdr ugha fd;k x;k gSA izfroknhx.k ds mi;qZDr dFku ds laca/k esa fo}ku izFke vihy U;k;ky; us vk{ksfir fu.kZ; esa mfpr o fof/klEer fu"d"kZ fn;k gS] tks ldkj.k o U;k;ksfpr gSA fo}ku izFke vihy U;k;ky; us vk{ksfir fu.kZ;
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ds i`"B la[;k 9 ls 12 esa bl laca/k esa tks fu"d"kZ fn;k gS] og fuEuizdkj ls gS %&
ßmijksDr fopkj.kh; iz'u ds lanHkZ esa U;k;ky; dk fouez er o fu"d"kZ bl izdkj gSa %&
¼1½ jktLFkku ifjlj ¼fdjk;k ,oa csn[kyh fu;a=.k½ vf/kfu;e] 1950 dh /kkjk 13¼1½] 13¼6½] 19d o 19[k ds izko/kkuksa ds lfgr lexz :i ls bl vf/kfu;e dk v/;;u djus ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd nks egRoiw.kZ nkf;Ro fdjk;snkj ij vkjksfir fd, x, gSaA mldk izFke nkf;Ro ;g gS fd og fdjk;s dh vnk;xh le; ij djs rFkk nwljk nkf;Ro ;g vkjksfir fd;k x;k gS fd og edku ekfyd ds LokfeRo ls badkj u djsA ;fn buesa ls fdlh Hkh nkf;Ro dh mis{kk dh tkrh gS] rks blh vk/kkj ij oknh dk nkok fMØh fd, tkus dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gSA
¼2½ bl nkos esa fo}ku~ fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fnukad 02-06-2004 dks varfje fdjk;k fu/kkZj.k djrs gq, 1 vizsy] 1995 ls 31-05-2004 rd dk 900@&#i;s izfrekg dh nj ls dqy 110 ekg dk cdk;k fdjk;k jkf'k dk fu/kkZj.k djrs gq,] izfroknh ds ftEes 99]000@&#i;s fdjk;k o 13-50@&#i;s okf"kZd C;kt cdk;k ekuk] ftlds isVs izfroknh us 96]300@&#i;s fdjk;k tek gksuk crk;kA vr% U;k;ky; }kjk fdjk;k jkf'k e; C;kt 2]713 #i;s 50 iSls cdk;k ekurs gq,] cdk;k fdjk;k vnk djus dk vkns'k izfroknh dks fn;kA lkFk gh ;g Hkh vkns'k fn;k fd izfroknh vkbZank fdjk;k vxys ekg dh 15 rkjh[k ls iwoZ fdjk;k vnk djrk jgsA rRi'pkr~ fnukad 16-12-2004 dks izfroknh ds izkFkZuk i= 5]400 @& :i, tek gksus rFkk 5]400 @& :i, dh VsaMj jkf'k] vkbZank lek;ksftr djus ds vkns'k fn, x,A lkFk gh ;g Hkh vkns'k fn;k x;k fd vkxs dk fdjk;k çfroknh iwoZorÊ vkns'k ds vuqlkj vnk djrk jgsA nkSjkus nkok çfroknh izHkqnkl dh e`R;q gksus ls mlds okfjlku dks fjdkMZ ij ysus ds vkns'k fn, x,A ckn fuèkkZj.k] nkSjkus okn] çfroknh o mlds nsgkUr ds ckn mlds okfjlku us] u rks fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds vkns'kkuqlkj fdjk;k oknh dks vnk fd;k] u gh VsaMj fd;k] u gh U;k;ky; esa tek djok;k x;kA vr% Li"V :i ls çfroknhx.k }kjk fdjk;k vnk;xh esa pwd dkfjr dh xbZ gSA
¼3½ oknhx.k }kjk çLrqr fd, x, çkFkZuk i= fnukad 20-03-2012] ftlds vkèkkj ij çfroknhx.k dh çfrj{kk dks [kkfjt djrs gq, oknhx.k dk nkok vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 13 ¼1½ ¼d½ ds varxZr fMØh fd;k x;k gS] dk tokc Hkh vusd volj ysus ds mijkar Hkh çLrqr
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ugha fd;k x;k gSA vr% oknhx.k }kjk bl çkFkZuk i= esa vafdr fd, x, rF;] Loh—r rF; ekus tk,axsA
¼4½ Lo;a çfroknhx.k }kjk çLrqr fd, x, çkFkZuk i= varxZr èkkjk 151 flfoy çfØ;k lafgrk fnukad 21-07-2012 esa çfroknhx.k us ;g dFku fd;k gS fd] ßçfroknh dks tkudkjh feyh gS fd erdk fo|knsoh us 5400@& :i, çkIr djus ds ckn 8 o"kZ dk vfxze fdjk;k erd izHkqnkl ls çkIr dj fy;k FkkA blh otg ls fdjk;k tek ugha djok;k x;k FkkAÞ bl çdkj Lo;a çfroknhx.k us ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd mUgksaus 8 o"kksZa dk fdjk;k tek ugha djok;k gSA erd izHkqnkl us vius thoudky esa dHkh Hkh ;g ugha dgk fd mlus 8 o"kkZsa dk fdjk;k erdk fo|knsoh dks vnk dj fn;k FkkA og Lo;a cdk;k fdjk;k U;k;ky; esa tek djokrk jgk gSA tc nksuksa i{kksa esa 1995 ls Hkh iwoZ le; ls ,d vU; nkok yfEcr jgk gS rFkk gLrxr nkok Hkh fnukad 19-05-1995 ls yfEcr gS rFkk Lo;a çfroknhx.k us ;g dFku fd;k gS fd okfnuh }kjk fdjk;k ysus ls badkj djus ij mlls cSad [kkrs dk uacj ekaxk x;k] cSad [kkrs dk fooj.k nsus ls badkj djus ij mls tfj, euh v‚MZj fdjk;k Hkstk x;k] euh v‚MZj ysus ls Hkh badkj djus ij vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 19d ds varxZr fdjk;k U;k;ky; esa tek djok;k x;k] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa çFke ckj] nkos ds yfEcr jgus ds yxHkx 17 o"kkZsa ds i'pkRk] fnukad 21-07- 2012 dks çfroknhx.k dk ;g dguk fd e`rdk fo|knsoh dks 8 o"kZ dk udn fdjk;k vnk dj fn;k x;k Fkk] iw.kZr% vfo'oluh; ,oa dkYifud çrhr gksrk gSA
¼5½ nkos ds yfEcr jgus ds nkSjku 8 o"kksZa dk fdjk;k udn vnk dju s dk rF; ,d ,slk rF; gS] ftl s çR;sd ifjfLFkfr esa çfroknhx.k dks gh lkfcr djuk FkkA tcfd çfroknhx.k }kjk blds lUnHkZ esa dksbZ lk{; U;k;ky; ds le{k çLrqr ugha dh xbZ gSA vr% ;g iw.kZr% Li"V gS fd çfroknhx.k }kjk ek= 6 ekg ugha cfYd yxHkx 8 o"kkZsa rd fdjk;k vnk;xh esa pwd dkfjr dh xbZ gSA
¼6½ vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 19d ds varxZr ;g çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd fdjk;snkj dk ;g nkf;Ro curk gS fd og lafonk ds vuqlkj fu;r le; ds Hkhrj fdjk, dh vnk;xh djsA ;fn blds lUnHkZ esa Hkqxrku dh fnukad ckcr nksuksa i{kdkjksa ds eè; dksbZ O;Dr lafonk u gks] rks fdjk, dh vnk;xh ns; ekg ds Bhd vkxkeh ekl dh 15 rkjh[k rd fdjk, dh vnk;xh dh tk,A vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 19d¼3½¼d½ esa ;g çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd fdjk;snkj euh v‚MZj ls Hkh bl jkf'k dk lank; Hkw&Lokeh dks dj ldrk gSA vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 19d¼3½¼[k½ esa ;g çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd og Hkw&Lokeh dks uksfVl nsdj mlds cSad [kkrs dk fooj.k ekax ldrk gS] ,slk
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fooj.k çkIr gksus ij og ml [kkrs esa fdjk, dh jkf'k tek djok ldrk gSA ;fn edku ekfyd }kjk mDr rhuksa ekè;eksa ls fdjk;k Lohdkj u fd;k tk,] rks fdjk, dh vnk;xh U;k;ky; ds ekè;e ls U;k;ky; esa jkf'k tek djokdj dh tk ldrh gSA vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 19d¼4½ esa ;g çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd tc mä of.kZr fdlh ekè;e ls fdjk, dh jkf'k dh vnk;xh dj nh tk,xh] rks ;g vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 13¼1½ ds varxZr fofèkor~ :i ls dh xbZ vnk;xh ekuh tk,xhA U;k;ky; esa fdjk;k tek gksus ij mlds lUnHkZ esa çfØ;k dk o.kZu vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 19d¼5½¼6½¼7½ o ¼8½ es a fd;k x;k gSA blh çdkj vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 19[k ds varxZr ;g çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd tc fuèkkZfjr le; ds varxZr jkf'k dk Hkqxrku fd;k tk,xk] rHkh ;g fofèk&ekU; Hkqxrku ekuk tk,xkA èkkjk 19d ,oa 19[k ds çkoèkkuksa dh ikyuk dks lkfcr djus dk Hkkj çfroknhx.k ij gksrk gSA buds ckjs esa Kku Hkh çfroknhx.k dks gh gksrk gS fd muds }kjk mä çkoèkkuksa dh ikyuk dh xbZ gS ;k ughaA vr% gLrxr çdj.k esa blds lUnHkZ esa lk{; çLrqr djus dk nkf;Ro çfroknhx.k ij gh Fkk] ijUrq muds }kjk blds lUnHkZ esa dksbZ lk{; çLrqr ugha dh xbZ gSA vr% blls Hkh ;gh mièkkj.k fudyrh gS fd bl jkf'k dk Hkqxrku ugha fd;k x;k gSA blds lUnHkZ esa f o}ku~ vfèkoäk çR;FkÊ Jh vkj- ds- nkl xqIrk }kjk çLrqr fd, x, fuEufyf[kr U;kf;d –"Vkar bl U;k;ky; dk ekxZn'kZu djrs gSa %&
(a) In Lakhpat Jain Vs. Appellate Rent Tribunal, Kota &Anr., 2015(2) RLW 1805 Raj., Hon'ble Rajasthan High Court has held that Rajasthan Rent Control Act, 2001, Sec. 9 (a) read with Evidence Act, 1872, Sec. 106 & Burden of proof of payment of rent or arrears of rent- Whether on the landlord or on tenant? Held, Burden of proof to show payment of rent or arrears of rent for the period of over four months prior to the notice was on the tenant - Tenant failed to descharge his burden. Appellate Rent Tribunal rightly set aside the order of dismissal of landlord's eviction petition passed by Rent Tribunal.
(b) In Masud Khan Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1974 S C 28, Hon'ble Supreme Court has held that matter peculiarly within knowledge of a party. Question when the petitioner migrated to Pakistan. Matter is peculiarly within his knowledge. He must prove it. Burden is not on the Government to prove it.
(c) In Ch. Razik Ram Vs. Ch. J.S. Chouhan and others, AIR 1975 SC 667, Hon'ble Supreme Court has held that the principle underlying Section 106 which is an exception to the general rule governing burden of proof applies only to such matters of defence which are supposed to be epecially within the knowledge of the party concerned. It cannot apply when the fact is such
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as to be capable of being known also by persons other than the party.
¼7½ ;fn çfroknhx.k }kjk mijksä of.kZrkuqlkj 8 o"kkZs dk fdjk;k fdlh Hkh ekè;e ls oknhx.k dks vnk fd;k x;k gksrk] rks os blds lUnHkZ esa fo}ku~ fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k dksbZ u dksbZ lk{; vo'; gh çLrqr djrs ijUrq muds }kjk bl ckcr dksbZ lk{; çLrqr ugha dh xbZ gSA
¼8½ ;fn mä 8 o"kkZs dk fdjk;k çfroknhx.k }kjk vnk fd;k x;k gksrk] rks ;fn os fdlh dkj.k ls bl ckcr fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k lk{; çLrqr ugha dj ik, gksrs rks os vihy ds nkSjku vkns'k 41 fu;e 27 flfoy çfØ;k lafgrk dh rgr bl U;k;ky; ds le{k vo'; gh viuh lk{; ;k nLrkost vo'; gh çLrqr djrsA ;g vihy U;k;ky; esa fnukad 07-12-2012 ls yfEcr gSA yxHkx 7 o"kksZa ds nkSjku Hkh çfroknhx.k }kjk bl i=koyh ij ,slk dksbZ nLrkost is'k ugha fd;k x;k gS] ftlls ;g Li"V gks fd çfroknhx.k }kjk 8 o"kksZa ds fdjk;k vnk;xh esa pwd dkfjr ugha dh xbZ gSA vr% Li"V gS fd çfroknhx.k }kjk yxHkx 8 o"kksZa rd ifjlj dk fdjk;k vnk u djds pwd dkfjr dh gSA
¼9½ gLrxr çdj.k esa vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 13 ¼4½ ds varxZr varfje fdjk;k fuèkkZj.k gksus ds mijkar le; ij fdjk;k çfroknhx.k }kjk vnk ugha fd;k x;kA vr% mUgksaus fdjk;k vnk;xh esa pwd dkfjr dh gSA U;k;ky; }kjk mudh çfrj{kk dks vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 13 ¼5½ ds vUrxZr [kkfjt ¼struck out½ dj fn;k x;kA pwafd i=koyh ij ekStwn Lo;a çfroknhx.k ds vfHkopu ls ls gh iw.kZr% Li"V gS fd çfroknhx.k }kjk fdjk;k vnk;xh esa pwd dkfjr dh xbZ gS] vr% bl ckcr oknh dks lk{; çLrqr djus dh dksbZ vko';drk gh ugha FkhA vr% oknhx.k dk nkok fofèkor~ :i ls fMØh fd;k tkuk çrhr gksrk gSA ---Þ
09blh izdkj ls fo}ku izFke vihy U;k;ky; us vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ds i`"B la[;k 16 o 17 esa bl laca/k esa tks fu"d"kZ fn;k gS] og fuEufyf[kr gS %&
ß11- ---
U;k;ky; ds fouez erkuqlkj mijksä of.kZr U;kf;d –"Vkarksa esa çfrikfnr fd, x, fl)kar iw.kZr% Lohdk;Z gSaA ijUrq gLrxr çdj.k esa mijksä iSjkxzkQ esa ;g of.kZr fd;k tk pqdk gS fd Lo;a çfroknhx.k us ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd mUgksaus 8 o"kksZa rd fdjk, dh vnk;xh ugha dh gSA Lo;a muds çkFkZuk i= varxZr èkkjk 151 flfoy çfØ;k lafgrk fnukad 21-07-2012 ls ;g Li"V gS fd
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mUgksaus 8 o"kksZa rd fdjk;k vnk;xh esa pwd dkfjr dh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa blds lUnHkZ esa oknhx.k dks lk{; çLrqr djus dh dksbZ vko';drk gh ugha FkhA fdlh i{kdkj dh Loh—fr gh lokZsÙke lk{; gksrh gSA tks rF; ,d i{kdkj }kjk Lohdkj dj fy, tkrs gSa] mUgsa lkfcr djus dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA vr% mijksä of.kZr U;kf;d –"Vkar çfroknhx.k dks dksbZ ykHk ugha igqapkrs gSaA
¼12½ Hkkjrh; lk{; vfèkfu;e] 1872 dh èkkjk 58 esa ;g çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd] ÞNo fact need to be proved in any proceedings which the parties thereto or their agents agree to admit at the hearing, or which before the hearing they agree to admit by any writing under their hands or which by any rule of pleading in force at the time they are deemed to have been admitted by
their pleadings:ß vFkkZr~ tks rF; i{kdkjksa }kjk Lohdkj dj fy;k tk;sxk] mls lkfcr djus dh vko';drk ugha gSA vr% U;k;ky; ds fouez erkuqlkj ;g rF; çfroknhx.k us Lohdkj dj fy;k gS fd muds }kjk fdjk;k vnk;xh esa 8 o"kksZa rd pwd dkfjr dh xbZ gSA vr% blds fy, dksbZ lk{; çLrqr djus dh oknh dks dksbZ vko';drk ugha gSA vr% laLoh—fr ds fl)kUr (The doctrine of Admission) ds vuqlkj ;g rF; Loh—r gqvk ekuk tk;sxkA blds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr U;kf;d –"Vkar gekjk ekxn'kZu djrk gSa %&
(a) In Income Tax Officer, Jind v. M/s. Mangat Ram Norata Ram Narwana and Another, 2011 AIR SCW 4285, Hon'ble Apex Court observed that Admission is the best evidence against the maker and it can be inferred from the conduct of the party. Admission implied by conduct is strong evidence against the maker but he is at liberty to prove that such admission was mistaken or untrue.
..."
10nksuksa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ks a us izdj.k ds rF;ksa] ifjfLFkfr;ksa] laLohdfr ,oa fof/k dk lgh izdkj ls foospu ,oa fo'ys"k.k djds fu"d"kZ fn;k gSA f}rh; vihy esa lk{; dks foLrr :i ls iqu% foospu ,oa fo'ys"k.k dh Hkh vko';drk ugha gSA bl laca/k esa bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB }kjk S.B. Civil Second Appeal No.
01/2011: Surendra Kumar Jaggi Versus Ahmed Farooq
and Ors. esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 23-08-2012 ds iSjk la[;k 14 esa fuEufyf[kr er O;Dr fd;k x;k gS %&
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" 14. It is well settled that evidence on record cannot be reappreciated in second appeal under Section 100 CPC like it could be done in first appeal under Section 96 CPC and such second appeal would lie only if substantial question of law, as defined in various case laws, arises in the matter. Nothing of this sort is found in the present case."
11nksuksa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us vfHkys[k ij miyC/k rF;ksa] ifjfLFkfr;ksa] laLohdfr dh vuns[kh dh gks ;k tks rF; vfHkys[k ij miyC/k ugha gS] ml ij fopkj fd;k gks ;k lkfcr rF;ksa ds laca/k esa dk **s** bZ xyr Inference gks] ,slk nf"Vxr ugha gksrk gSA nksuksa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa dh Concurrent Finding gS] blfy, mlesa gLr{ksi fd, tkus ds dksbZ fof/klEer vk/kkj ugha gSA bl laca/k esaA AIR 2008 SC 380 Boodireddy Chandraiah and Ors. Versus Arigela Laxmi and Ors. ds iSjk la[;k 13 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us fuEufyf[kr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k gS %&
" 13. The general rule is that High Court will not interfere with concurrent findings of the Courts below. But it is not an absolute rule. Some of the well recognized exceptions are where (i) the courts below have ignored material evidence or acted on no evidence; (ii) the courts have drawn wrong inferences from proved facts by applying the law erroneously; or (iii) the courts have wrongly cast the burden of proof. When we refer to 'decision based on no evidence', it not only refers to cases where there is a total dearth of evidence, but also refers to any case, where the evidence, taken as a whole, is not reasonably capable of supporting the finding."
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12- AIR 2001 SC 965 Santosh Hazari Versus
Purushottam Tiwai (Dead) by L.Rs. ds iSjk la[;k 12 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us fuEufyf[kr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k gS %&
" 12. The phrase 'substantial question of law', as occurring in the amended Section 100 is not defined in the Code. The word substantial, as qualifying 'question of law', means – of having substance, essential, real, of sound worth, important or considerable. It is to be understood as something in contradistinction with – technical, of no substance or consequence, or academic merely. However, it is clear that the Legislature has chosen not to qualify the scope of substantial question of law by suffixing the words 'of general importance' as has been done in many other provisions such as Section 109 of the Code or Article 133(1)(a) of the Constitution. The substantial question of law on which a second appeal shall be heard need not necessarily be a substantial question of law of general importance. In Guran Ditta & Anr. Vs. T. Ram Ditta, AIR 1928 Privy Council 172, the phrase 'substantial question of law' as it was employed in the last clause of the then existing Section 110 of the C.P.C. (since omitted by the Amendment Act, 1973) came up for consideration and Their Lordships held that it did not mean a substantial question of general importance but a substantial question of law which was involved in the case as between the parties. ..."
13mYys[kuh; gS fd nksuksa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa dk fu"d"kZ vPNs dkj.kksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, gS vkSj ;s fu"d"kZ vfHkys[k ij miyC/k rF;ksa] ifjfLFkfr;ksa] laLohd`fr ij vk/kkfjr gSA vk{ksfir fu.kZ; esa
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dksbZ fof/k fo#) ckr n`f"Vxr ugha gksrh gSA fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds leorhZ fu"d"kZ esa /kkjk 100 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds v/khu f}rh; vihy dh lquokbZ djrs le; bl U;k;ky; }kjk rc gLr{ksi fd;k tk ldrk gS] tc ;g nf'kZr fd;k tkrk gS fd dfFkr fu"d"kZ vfHkys[k ij miyC/k rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr ugha gS ;k dfFkr fu.kZ; esa fof/k ds izfrikfnr fl)karksa dk vuqlj.k ugha fd;k x;k gksA nksuksa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa dk fu"d"kZ vlaxr rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksuk ;k izdj.k ds rF;ksa o ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh mis{kk vFkok fof/k vFkok vf/kdkfjrk dh Hkwy dk dksbZ ekeyk ugha gS] blfy, bl U;k;ky; }kjk rF; ds fdlh leorhZ fu"d"kZ ij gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha gSA vr% ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gLrxr vihy esa fof/k laca/kh dksbZ egRoiw.kZ iz'u lquokbZ ds fy, mRiUu ugha gksrk gSA
14tgka rd bl laca/k esa ;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk iz'u gS] ;s gLrxr izdj.k esa Åij foosfpr rF;ksa o ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ifjizs{; esa vihykFkhZ izfroknh ds dksbZ enn ugha djrs gSaA fo}ku izFke vihy U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ldkj.k] mfpr ,oa fof/klEer gSA nksuksa vk{ksfir fu.kZ;ksa esa gLr{ksi fd, tkus ds dksbZ i;kZIr vk/kkj ugha gSaA
15dqy feykdj mi;qZDr foospu ds ifj.kkeLo:i gLrxr f}rh; flfoy vihy esa dksbZ fof/k dk lkjoku iz'u varxzZLr ugha gS] blfy, vihy Admit fd, tkus ;ksX; ugha gSA
16ifj.kker% vihykFkhZ izfroknh dh vksj ls izLrqr ;g f}rh; vihy] fof/k dk dksbZ lkjoku iz'u varxZzLr ugha gksus ls] xzkg~;rk ds izØe ij [kkfjt dh tkrh gS rFkk fo}ku vfrfjDr flfoy U;k;k/kh'k ¼d-[k-½ la[;k 3] chdkusj ds }kjk uacjh nhokuh okn la[;k 263@1998
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fo|korh vkfn cuke izHkqnkl es a ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 30-10-2012 ,oa fo}ku vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k 03] chdkusj ds }kjk flfoy vihy fMØh la[;k 07@2019 jktdqekj vkfn cuke izoh.k dqekj vkfn esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 16-01-2020 dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA
17bl fu.kZ; dh izfr lfgr nksuksa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa dk vfHkys[k 'kh?kz izsf"kr gksA
18bl f}rh; flfoy vihy ds fuLrkj.k ds lkFk gh bl vihy ls lacaf/kr fofo/k nhokuh LFkxu izkFkZuk i= la[;k 1140@2020 dks Hkh mi;qZDrkuqlkj fuLrkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
(MADAN GOPAL VYAS),J
13-Rajendra/-
;g vkns'[email protected]; Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 348 (i) ds rgr Hkkjr ljdkj dh vf/klwpuk jkti= la[;k 1] fnuakd 2 tuojh 1999 ,oa jktLFkku jkti= fnukafdr 10-3-1971 ds rgr fgUnh Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx dk s izkf/kd`r fd, tkus ds ifj.kkeLo:i fgUnh Hkk"kk esa fy[kk;k x;kA
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Heera Lal Versus Mandir Shri Thakurji Sangria and AnotherReferred¶52
RLW 2005(2) Raj. 1114
B.B. Bhalla Versus Rameshwar Krishore BadhwarReferred¶52
2001 DNJ (Raj.) 298
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2022 SCC OnLine SC 1273 · Who else cites this
Bhure Khan & Anr. Versus Shyam Sunder SharmaReferred¶62
S.B. Civil Second Appeal No. 241/2001
Krishan Gopal Versus Ramchandra & Ors.Referred¶62
S.B. Civil SecondAppeal No. 126/1986
Mohan Singh S/o Shri Sawan Singh Kalada Versus Rikhablal S/o RanjeetReferred¶62
2003(1) DNJ (Raj.) 472
Heera Lal Versus Mandir Shri Thakurji Sangria &Anr.Referred¶62
2005(1) DNJ (Raj.) 480
Lakhpat Jain Vs. Appellate Rent Tribunal, Kota &Anr.Referred¶91
2015(2) RLW 1805 Raj.
Masud Khan Vs. State of Uttar PradeshReferred¶92
AIR 1974 S C 28 · Who else cites this
Ch. Razik Ram Vs. Ch. J.S. Chouhan and othersReferred¶93
AIR 1975 SC 667 · Who else cites this
Income Tax Officer, Jind v. M/s. Mangat Ram Norata Ram Narwana and AnotherReferred¶110
2011 AIR SCW 4285 · Who else cites this
Surendra Kumar Jaggi Versus Ahmed Farooq and Ors.Referred¶112
S.B. Civil Second Appeal No. 01/2011
Boodireddy Chandraiah and Ors. Versus Arigela Laxmi and Ors.Referred¶119
AIR 2008 SC 380 · Who else cites this
Santosh Hazari Versus Purushottam Tiwai (Dead) by L.Rs.Referred¶124
AIR 2001 SC 965 · Who else cites this
9 provisions across 3 enactments
Sanjay Kumar
Praveen Kumar
Mahendra Kumar
Smt. Durga
Smt. Asha
Smt. Nevi
Madan Gopal Vyas
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
