Appeal by the State challenging the acquittal of the accused for murder under Section 302 IPC. The case rested solely on circumstantial evidence. The High Court found the chain of circumstances incomplete and unreliable, upheld the acquittal, and dismissed the appeal.
Appeal dismissed; judgment of acquittal dated 06-11-1998 by the trial court confirmed.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
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HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR
D.B. Criminal Appeal No. 591/1999
State of Rajasthan through PP.
----Appellant
Versus
Farooq Son of Mahmood, Resident of Udaipur, Police Station Bhiwari, District Alwar.
----Respondent
| For Appellant(s) | : | Mr. Javed Choudhary,Add. G.A. |
|---|---|---|
| For Respondent(s) | : | Mr. R.K. Mathur, Sr. Adv. With |
| Mr. Lucky Sharma, Adv. & | ||
| Mr. Aditya Kiran Mathur,Adv. |
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE PANKAJ BHANDARI HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE BHUWAN GOYAL
Judgment
JUDGMENT RESERVED ON : 31/08/2023 DATE OF PRONOUNCEMENT : 05/09/2023
(PER HON'BLE BHUWAN GOYAL, J.)
1. vihykFkhZ jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk gLrxr vihy varxZr /kkjk 378 ¼i½ ¼iii½ n-iaz-la- ds rgr fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; vij ftyk ,oa ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] Øe&2] fd'kux<+ckl] vyoj }kjk ls'ku izdj.k l a [;k 5@1998] muokuh izdj.k jkT; ljdkj cuke Qk:+[k esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 06-11-1998 ftlds }kjk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr Qk:[k dks vijk/k vUrxZr /kkjk 302 Hkk-na-la- ds vkjksi esa nks"keqDr fd;k x;k gS] ds fo:) izLrqr dh xbZ gSA
2. la{ksi esa izdj.k ds rF; bl izdkj ls gSa fd ifjoknh egewn [kkW ¼ih-M-&1½ us fnukad 01-01-1998 dks ,d fyf[kr fjiksVZ ¼izn'kZ ih-&1½ Fkkuk fHkokMh ij bl vk'k; dh is'k dh fd fnukad 01-01-1998 dks lqcg djhc 3-00 ;k 4-00 cts mlds yM+ds Qk:[k [kkW us viuh vkSjr [kq'khZnu dh xyk ?kksaVdj gR;k dj nh gS] mls lqcg ekywe gksus ij og vkSj xkao ds eqf[k;k o iapx.kksa dks cqyk dj
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Fkkuk fHkokMh ij fjiksVZ nsus vk;k gS] e`R;q dk dksbZ ekywe ugha fdl dkj.k dh gS----bR;kfnA
3. mDr fjiksVZ ds vk/kkj ij iqfyl Fkkuk fHkokMh] ftyk vyoj esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 01@1998 ¼izn'kZ ih-&2½ vijk/k vUrxZr /kkjk 302 Hkk-na-la- esa ntZ dj vuqla/kku izkjaHk fd;k x;kA ckn vuqla/kku izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr Qk:[k ds fo:) /kkjk 302 Hkk-na-la- esa vkjksi i= fo}ku U;k;ky; U;kf;d eftLVsªV] izFke oxZ] frtkjk] ftyk vyoj esa izLrqr fd;k x;k] ftl ij fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk izlaKku fy;k tkdj ekeyk ls'ku U;k;ky; }kjk fopkj.kh; gksus ls U;k;ky; vij ftyk ,oa ls’ku U;k;k/kh’k] fd'kux<ckl dks dfeV fd;k x;k rFkk blds i'pkr~ U;k;ky; ftyk ,oa lS'ku U;k;k/kh'k] vyoj ds vkns'k ls gLrxr izdj.k U;k;ky; fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; vij ftyk ,oa ls’ku U;k;k/kh’k] Øe&2] fd'kux<ckl] ftyk vyoj dks fopkj.k gsrq izkIr gqvkA
4. fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr Qk:[k ds fo:) /kkjk 302 Hkk-na-l- esa n.Muh; vijk/k dk vkjksi fojfpr dj lquk;k o le>k;k x;k rks izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr us vkjksi vLohdkj dj vUoh{kk pkgh] ftl ij vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls ekSf[kd lk{; esa xokgku ih-MCY;w-&1 yxk;r ih-M-&11 ds c;ku ys[kc) djok;s x;s rFkk ekSf[kd lk{; ds leFkZu esa nLrkostkr izn'kZ ih&1 yxk;r izn'kZ ih&18, is'k dj iznf'kZr djok;s x;sA
5. rRi'pkr~ fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vfHk;qDr dks /kkjk 313 na-iz-la- ds rgr ijhf{kr fd;k x;k] ftlesa vfHk;qDr us xokgku }kjk mlds fo:) nh xbZ lk{; jaft'ko'k nsuk crk;k ,oa lk{; lQkbZ is'k ugha djuk tkfgj fd;k] ijUrq izys[kh; lk{; esa nLrkostkr izn'kZ Mh-&1 o izn'kZ Mh-&2 is'k dj iznf'kZr djok;s x;sA
6. fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk rRi'pkr mHk;i{kksa dks lquk tkdj vkykSP; fu.kZ; fnukad 06-11-1998 }kjk izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr Qk:[k dks vijk/k vUrxZr /kkjk 302 Hkk-na-la- ds vkjksi ls nks"keqDr fd;k x;k] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ jkT; ljdkj }kjk izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks mDr vijk/k esa nf.Mr djus gsrq gLrxr vihy izLrqr dh xbZ gSA
7. izLrqr ekeys esa gekjs le{k izeq[k :i ls fopkj.kh; fcUnw ;g gS fd&
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edku esa lvk'k; viuh iRuh [kq'khZnu dh xyk ?kksaV dj gR;k dkfjr dh gS\
2- vk;k fo}ku fopkj.kh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; 06-11-1998
fof/k lEer ugha gksus ls vikLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gS\
8. fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd dk nkSjkus cgl ;g dFku gS fd gLrxr izdj.k esa ?kVuk dh jkr dks izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk erdk tks fd mldh iRuh gS mlds lkFk gksuk izekf.kr gqvk gS] fdUrq mlds }kjk mldh eR;q ds dkj.k ds ckjs esa dksbZ Li"Vhdj.k izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gS] ftlls mi/kkj.kk ds vk/kkj ij ,d fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih-&8 ds vk/kkj ij mlh ds }kjk mldh e`R;q dkfjr djuk izekf.kr gksrk gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd i=koyh ij miyC/k vU; lk{; ls Hkh izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk vijk/k dkfjr djuk izekf.kr gqvk gS] fdUrq fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk izLrqr lk{; dk lexzrk ,oa lw{erk ls foospu fd, fcuk izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks vkjksfir vijk/k ls nks"keqDr djus esa] xEHkhj ,oa rkfRod =qfV dh gS] ftlls vkykSP; vkns'k fnukad 06-11-1998 fof/k lEer ugha gksus ls vikLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gS] vr% vihy jkT; ljdkj Lohdkj djrs gq, izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks vkjksfir vijk/k es a nks"kfl) dj nf.Mr fd;k tkosA
9. fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd us viuh cgl ds leFkZu esa fuEufyf[kr U;kf;d n`"Vkar is'k fd,%&
1. Bhole & Ors. Vs. The State of Madhya Pradesh (Criminal Appeal Nos. 889-890 of 2012) Decided on 16th August, 2023
2. Wazir Khan Vs. State of Uttarakhand (Criminal Appeal Nos. 1922-1923/2017) Decided on 2nd August, 2023
3. Rajesh Yadav & Anr. Etc. Vs. State of U.P. (Criminal Appeal Nos. 339-340 of 2014) Decided on 4th February, 2022
10. fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk nkSjkus cgl dFku gS fd gLrxr izdj.k esa fdlh Hkh lk{kh us izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks ?kVuk dkfjr djrs ns[kuk vFkok ?kVuk ds fnu lkFk gksuk dFku ugha fd;k gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd izLrqr ekeyk ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ds ekeyksa esa gsrqd vko';d rRo gS] fdUrq vfHk;kstu i{k us e`R;q dkfjr djus ds gsrqd ¼Motive½ dks Hkh izekf.kr ugha djok;k gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd izdj.k esa vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa
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ijhf{kr ugha gqvk gS] ftlls vuqla/kku dk;Zokgh ,oa cjkenxh dk;Zokgh izekf.kr ugha gqbZ gSA
11. fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd izLrqr ekeys esa ifjoknh o vU; Lora= xokgku i{knzksgh ?kksf"kr gq, gSa] xokg ih-M-&2 mej eksgEen ,oa xokg ih-M-&10 ljnkj [kkW ?kVuk ds p'enhn lk{kh ugha gSa] ftlls vfHk;kstu dgkuh lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gqbZ gS ,oa izLrqr lk{; ls ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh lHkh dfM+;ksa dh pSu Hkh ugha cu ikbZ gS] mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds vkns'k fnukad 06-11-1998 esa fdlh izdkj dh fof/kd ,oa rF;kRed =qfV ugha gS rFkk mDr vkns'k fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; dk xgurk o lw{erk ls fo'ys"k.k dj ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] vr% vihy] vihykFkhZ&jkT; ljdkj vLohdkj dj [kkfjt dh tkosA
12. geusa izLrqr fopkj.kh; fcUnq ds lanHkZ esa i=koyh ,oa izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk e; fjdkWMZ lEekuiwoZd voyksdu fd;k ,oa mHk;i{kksa ds rdksZa ij xaHkhjrkiwoZd euu fd;kA
13. gLrxr izdj.k esa nkSjkus cgl ;g Lohd`r rF; gS fd ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa dksbZ p'enhn lk{kh ugha gS ,oa izdj.k iw.kZr;k ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gSA
14. 'kjn fcjnhpUn lkjnk cuke egkjk"Vª jkT; AIR 1984 SC 1622 esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ds ekeys esa fdlh vkjksih ds f[kykQ ekeys dks lkfcr djus gsrq fuEu ikap 'krksZa dk iwjk gksuk vko';d crk;k gS%&
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15. ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds }kjk mDr U;kf;d n`"Vkar esa izfrikfnr fl)karksa ds ifjizs{; esa ;fn i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; dk voyksdu djsa rks xokg ih-M-&1 egewn tks fd ifjoknh gksus ls lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ lk{kh gS] fdUrq og vfHk;kstu i{k dh izkFkZuk ij i{knzksgh ?kksf"kr gqvk gS rFkk mlus vius c;kuksa esa vfHk;kstu dgkuh ,oa fopkj.kh; fcUnw dh iqf"V ugha dh gSA
16. xokg ih-M-&1 egewn }kjk viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa ;g dFku fd;k x;k gS fd Qk:[k mldk yM+dk gS] vkt ls djhc 6&7 lky igys xzke eykbZ] gfj;k.kk esa mldh 'kknh [kq'khZnu ls gqbZ Fkh] [kq'khZnu vkt ls djhc <kbZ&rhu eghus igys ej xbZ Fkh] og [ksr ij jgrk gS] ;g mls ugha irk fd [kq'khZnu dSls ejh o fdlus ekjh] bldh fjiksVZ mlus ugha dh Fkh] mlds gLrk{kj djok;s Fks] fo}ku vij yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk dh xbZ izfrijh{kk esa xokg us dFku fd;k gS fd izn'kZ ih-&1 dk lh ls Mh Hkkx ^^vkt ------------------ Lohdkj djsa** mlus ugha fy[kok;k] dk;Zokgh iqfyl ds uhps mlds gLrk{kj gSa] Fkkus ij mlds dksjs dkxt ij gLrk{kj djok;s Fks] Fkkus esa blh vk/kkj ij dksbZ fjiksVZ ntZ gqbZ gks rks mls ugha irk] izn'kZ ih-&2 ij dksjs dkxt ij mlds gLrk{kj djok;s Fks] mlds lkeus dksbZ uD'kk ekSdk ugha cuk;k] iqfyl us [kq'khZnu dh yk'k dks mlds le{k dCts esa ysdj QnZ lqjrs yk'k izn'kZ ih-&4 cuk;h Fkh] iqfyl us mlds dksbZ c;ku ugha fy,] iqfyl c;ku izn'kZ ih-&5 dk , ls ch Hkkx ^^dy ------------ ?kj ij gS** mlus iqfyl dks ugha fn;k] ;g dguk xyr gS fd mlus fjiksVZ ntZ djok;h gks o uD'kk ekSdk mlds le{k cuk gks rFkk mlus iqfyl dks c;ku fn;s gksa] ;g dguk Hkh xyr gS fd eqyfte mldk bdykSrk yM+dk gksus ds dkj.k mldks tqeZ ls cpkus ds fy, og iq= izse ds dkj.k >wBs c;ku ns jgk gS] fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk dh xbZ izfrijh{kk esa mlus ;g dFku fd;k gS fd og vui<+ gS dsoy gLrk{kj djuk tkurk gS] og rFkk mldh ?kjokyh cksfjax ij xkao ls ckgj jgrs gSa] ?kVuk dk irk pyus ij os dkQh nsj ckn xkao esa ?kj ij vk;s Fks] ogka ij iqfyl Fkh rFkk xkao ds dkQh yksx bdV~Bs gks x;s Fks] iqfyl mls fHkokMh Fkkus esa xkMh esa cSBkdj ys xbZ] ogka ij iqfyl us D;k fy[kk mls i<dj ugha lquk;k] mldh ljnkj [kkW o mej eksgEen ls [kq'khZnu dh eR;q gksus ckcr~ dksbZ ckr ugha gqbZ vkSj uk gh Qk:[k ls gqbZ] Qk:[k us mls dqN ugha crk;k] bl izdkj xokg ds mDr dFkuksa ls izFke rks mlds ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa p'enhn lk{kh uk gksus dh ckr izekf.kr gksrh gS] ftlls izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk erdk dks ekjus dh ckr ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] lkFk gh lkFk mlds dFkuksa ls mls]
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izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk ?kVuk ds ckjs esa dksbZ tkudkjh ugha nsuk ,oa mlds }kjk ljnkj [kkW o mej eksgEen dks [kq'khZnu dh eR;q ckcr~ dksbZ tkudkjh ugha nsuk izdV gksus ls mlds dFkuksa ls vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh Hkh iqf"V ugha gks ikrh gS ,oa mlds dFkuksa ls fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih-&1 esa vafdr rF;ksa ,oa uD'kk ekSdk izn'kZ ih-&3 dh fo'oluh;rk Hkh ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] bl lanHkZ esa ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd xokg j?kqjkt flag ftlds le{k Fkkus esa fjiksVZ izLrqr gqbZ gS ,oa ftlds }kjk uD'kk ekSdk cuk;k x;k gS og Hkh U;k;ky; esa ijhf{kr ugha gqvk gS] ,sls esa gLrxr izdj.k esa xokg ds dFkuksa ls tgka vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh iqf"V ugha gksus ls mldh dM+hc) Ja[kyk ugha cu ikrh gS] lkFk gh lkFk fopkj.kh; fcUnw dh Hkh iqf"V ugha gks ikrh gSA
17. gLrxr izdj.k esa i=koyh ij miyC/k vU; lk{khx.k dh lk{; ij fopkj djsa rks vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk izLrqr vU; xokg ih-M-&3 'kjhQ [kkWu] ih-M-&4 fHkDdu] ih-M-&5 yYyw] ih-M-&6 tehyk] ih-M-&7 vehuk] ih-M-&8 eaxy flag Hkh vfHk;kstu i{k dh izkFkZuk ij i{knzksgh ?kksf"kr gq, gS ,oa mDr xokgu us Hkh vius&vius dFkuksa esa vfHk;kstu dgkuh o fopkj.kh; fcUnw dh iqf"V ugha dh xbZ gSA
18. xokg ih-M-&3 'kjhQ [kkWu }kjk viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa ;g dFku fd;k x;k gS fd [kq'khZnu ejh ml fnu og ekStwn ugha Fkk] iqfyl us vkdj dksbZ iapk;rukek Hkjk gks rks mls irk ugha gS] mls ugha irk fd iqfyl us dksbZ :eky tCr fd;k ;k ugha] fo}ku vij yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk dh xbZ izfrijh{kk esa xokg us dFku fd;k fd izn'kZ ih-&12 ij , ls ch Hkkx ij mlds gLrk{kj gS] mlesa D;k fy[kk] D;k ugha fy[kk mls ugha irk] iqfyl us mlds lkeus dksbZ :eky tCr ugha fd;k] izn'kZ ih-&13 mlds le{k ugha cukbZ] ;g dguk xyr gS fd mlds lkeus iapukek cuk;k gks vkSj eqyfte ls :eky tCr fd;k gks vkSj QnsZa cukdj mlds gLrk{kj djok;s gksaA
19. xokg ih-M-&4 fHkDdu us viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa ;g dFku fd;k gS fd iqfyl vk;h vkSj mldks ys xbZ] mlds lkeus dksbZ fy[kk&i<h ugha dh] ;g dguk xyr gS fd iapksa us ;g jk; nh gks fd [kq'khZnu dh e`R;q xyk ?kksaVdj dh xbZ gks] fo}ku vij yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk dh xbZ izfrijh{kk esa xokg us dFku fd;k gS fd ;g dguk xyr gS fd izn'kZ ih-&12 mls i<dj lquk;k x;k gks vkSj mlus ml ij gLrk{kj fd;s gksaA
20. xokg ih-M-&5 yYyw }kjk viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa ;g dFku fd;k x;k gS fd egewn ds yM+ds Qk:[k dh vkSjr [kq'khZnu ejh rks iqfyl vkbZ rks os ekSds ij
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x;s Fks] iqfyl us vkdj iapukes dh dk;Zokgh muds lkeus dh Fkh] ftlesa mUgsa iap eqdjj ugha fd;k] mu iapksa us dksbZ jk; ugha nh] muds lkeus iqfyl us iapkukek izn'kZ ih-&12 rS;kj ugha fd;k] fo}ku vij yksdj vfHk;kstd }kjk dh xbZ izfrijh{kk esa xokg us dFku fd;k fd izn'kZ ih-&12 dk iSjk la[;k&3 mls i<dj ugha lquk;k] ;g dguk xyr gS fd mlds le{k iapukek rS;kj fd;k gksA
21. xokg ih-M-&6 eq0 tehyk us viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa ;g dFku fd;k gS fd [kq'khZnu dks ejs gq, pkSFkk eghuk gks x;k gS] ml jkr [kq'khZnu o Qk:[k ,d txg ugha lks;s Fks] og o mldk ?kjokyk taxy esa edku cuk j[kk gS ogka jgrs gS] jksy eph Fkh dh [kq'khZnu ej xbZ] mls irk ugha fd ftl fnu [kq'khZnu ejh ml jkr dks os nkuksa ?kj ij Fks ;k ugha] [kq'khZnu ds ejus ds ckn mu yksxksa us xkao okyksa ls mlds ejus ds ckjs esa iwNrkN ugha dh] mlus Qk:[k ls Hkh ugha iwNk fd og dSls ejh] fo}ku vij yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk dh xbZ izfrijh{kk esa xokg us dFku fd;k fd iqfyl c;ku izn'kZ ih-&14 dk , ls ch Hkkx ^^c;ku fd;k ------------------ jksy epkbZ** rFkk lh ls Mh Hkkx ^^[kq'khZnu ------------------ dh gS** mlus iqfyl dks ugha fn;k] ;g dguk xyr gS fd mls xkao okyksa ls irk pyk gks fd [kq'khZnu dks Qk:[k us ekjk gks] ;g dguk xyr gS fd Qk:[k us mlds ifr] mlds o xkao okyksa ds lekus gkW Hkjh gks] ;g dguk xyr gS fd og >wBs c;ku ns jgh gSA
22. xokg ih-M-&7 vehuk }kjk viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa dFku fd;k x;k gS fd djhc rhu eghus igys dh ?kVuk gS] ml fnu [kq'khZnu dks lqcg pkj cts txkus ds fy, ugha xbZ] mlus ejh gqbZ [kq'khZnu dks ns[kk Fkk] mlus [kq'khZnu ds 'kjhj ij dksbZ pksV ;k fu'kku ugha ns[kk] ogka ij [kq'khZnu dh pwfM+;ksa ds VqdMs ugha feys] fo}ku vij yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk dh xbZ izfrijh{kk esa xokg us dFku fd;k gS fd iqfyl us mlds c;ku ugha fy,] iqfyl c;ku izn'kZ ih-&15 dk , ls ch Hkkx ^^vkt lqcg ---------------- iMh gqbZ Fkh** rFkk lh ls Mh Hkkx ^^iMh ns[kdj ------------- fu'kku Fks** rFkk bZ ls ,Q Hkkx ^^[kq'khZnu ------------------- gR;k dh gS** mlus iqfyl dks ugha fn;k] ;g dguk xyr gS fd og Qk:[k dks cpkus gsrq >wBs c;ku ns jgh gSA
23. xokg ih-M-&8 eaxy flag us viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa dFku fd;k gS fd og eqyfte o eqyfte ds firk egewn dks tkurk gS] fnukad 01-01-1998 dks og ekSds ij x;k Fkk] mlus ejh gqbZ yk'k dks ns[kk Fkk] mlus mlds 'kjhj ij dgha pksVsa ugha ns[kh] mlus Qk:[k ls iwNrkN dh Fkh] mlus ?kVuk ds ckjs esa dqN
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ugha crk;k] mlus [kq'khZnu dh yk'k ds ikl dksbZ pwfM+;ksa ds VqdM+s ;k ?kVuk ds vkykekr ugha ns[ks] iqfyl us mlds lkeus iapk;rukek rS;kj ugha fd;k] mls ugha irk fd Qk:[k dh tsc ls iqfyl us D;k cjken fd;k] mlus egewn dks Fkkus esa fjiksVZ djus ds fy, dqN ugha dgk] fo}ku vij yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk dh xbZ izfrijh{kk esa xokg us dFku fd;k fd iqfyl us mlds c;ku ugha fy,] izn'kZ ih-&16 dk , ls ch Hkkx ^^nj;kQr ----------------- gqbZ Fkh** rFkk lh ls Mh Hkkx ^^dks rqMokdj --------------------- Lohdkj fd;k gS** mlus iqfyl dks ugha fn;k] iqfyl us iapukek] ?kVukLFky dk uD'kk ekSdk mlds lekus ugha cuk;k] mlds lkeus eqyfte dks fxjQrkj ugha fd;k] izn'kZ ih-&4] izn'kZ ih-&7] izn'kZ ih-&8] izn'kZ ih-&9] izn'kZ ih-&12 o izn'kZ ih-&13 mlds lkeus iqfyl us ugha cuk;s] og ljiap gS ij mlus lHkh ij dksjs dkxtksa ij gLrk{kj fd;s FksA
24. bl izdkj mDr leLr lk{khx.k ds dFkuksa ls tgka uD'kk ekSdk izn'kZ ih-&3] QnZ tCrh o lqjrsgky yk'k izn'kZ ih-&4] QnZ fxjQrkjh Qk:[k izn'kZ ih-&6] QnZ tCrh VwVh gqbZ pwfM+;ksa ds VqdMs izn'kZ ih-&7 o izn'kZ ih-&8] QnZ tCrh rkj izn'kZ ih-&10] uD'kk ekSdk cjkenxh LFky izn'kZ ih-&11] iapk;rukek izn'kZ ih-&12] QnZ tCrh :eky izn'kZ ih-&13 vkfn dh dk;Zokgh ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] lkFk gh izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk ?kVuk ds fnu erdk ds lkFk esa gksuk ,oa mldh tsc ls ?kVuk esa iz;qDr :eky feyuk ,oa mldh lwpuk ij rkj cjken gksuk ,oa erdk dh yk'k ds ikl VwVh gqbZ pwfM+;ka iM+h gqbZ gksus ckcr vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh iqf"V Hkh ugha gks ikrh gS] ftlls mDr leLr xokgku ds dFkuksa ls Hkh tgka vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh dM+hc) J`a[kyk ugha cu ikrh gS] lkFk gh lkFk fopkj.kh; fcUnw dh Hkh iqf"V ugha gks ikrh gSA
25. gLrxr izdj.k esa vc xokg ih-M-&2 mej eksgEen dh lk{; ij fopkj djsa rks mlds }kjk vius c;kuksa esa ;|fi ;g dFku fd;k x;k gS fd [kq'khZnu mlds xkao ds ljnkj dh yM+dh Fkh] mldh 'kknh vkt ls 15&16 lky igys Qk:[k ds lkFk gqbZ Fkh] lqcg lwpuk feyh Fkh fd [kq'khZnu ej xbZ gS] lwpuk esa ;g ugha crk;k fd og dSls ejh gS] os djhc 10&15 vkneh mn;iqj vk;s Fks] mn;iqj vkus ds ckn egewn ls ckr gqbZ Fkh rFkk egewn us crk;k fd Qk:[k us [kq'khZnu dks fctyh ds rkj ls ekjk gS] mlus ;g Hkh crk;k fd mlus fjiksVZ dj nh gS] ekSds ls iqfyl us VwVh gqbZ pwMh] rkj rFkk ,d :eky cjken fd;k Fkk] mlus yk'k dks ns[kk Fkk] ckgj [kkV ij iMh Fkh] ftldk eqWg [kwyk gqvk rFkk vka[k cUn Fkh] ejus ls igys [kq'khZnu dks Qk:[k rFkk mldk ekek djhc eghuk Hkj igys yk;s Fks] iqfyl us ekSds ij tkdj uD'kk ekSdk izn'kZ ih-&3
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[CRLA-591/1999]
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mlds le{k cuk;k Fkk] Qk:[k dks mlds lkeus fxjQ~rkj dj izn'kZ ih-&6 cuk;k Fkk] iqfyl us yk'k dks dCts esa ysdj QnZ lqjrsgky yk'k izn'kZ ih-&4 cuk;h Fkh] ftu ij mlds gLrk{kj gSa] VwVh gqbZ pwfM+;ksa ds VqdMs tCr djus dh QnZ izn'kZ ih-&7 cuk;h Fkh] ftu ij Hkh mlds gLrk{kj gSa] e`rdk ds gkFkksa esa iguh gqbZ pwfM+;ka tCr dj iqfyl us QnZ izn'kZ ih-&8 cuk;h Fkh] ftl ij Hkh , ls ch mlds gLrk{kj gS] ,d rkj dk VqdM+k cjken fd;k Fkk] ftldh QnZ izn'kZ ih-&9 gS] ftl ij , ls ch mlds gLrk{kj gSa] jlhn yk'k izn'kZ ih-&10 ij , ls ch mlds gLrk{kj gSa] [kq'khZnu dks ngst ds Åij ekjk fn;k Fkk] bl izdkj mDr xokg ds eq[; ijh{kk esa fd;s x;s mDr dFkuksa ls mlds ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa p'enhn lk{kh uk gksdj vuqJqr lk{kh gksus dh ckr izdV gksrh gS] ftlls mlds p'enhn lk{kh uk gksus ls mlds dFkuksa ls Hkh vfHk;kstu dgkuh ,oa fopkj.kh; fcUnw dh iqf"V ugha gks ikrh gSA
26. gLrxr izdj.k es a xokg ih-M-&2 mej eksgEen us viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa ;+|fi ;g dFku fd;k gS fd mls egewn us crk;k Fkk fd Qk:[k us [kq'khZnu dks rkj ls ekjk gS] fdUrq xokg ih-M-&1 egewn viuh izfrijh{kk esa mlds mDr dFku dh iqf"V ugha djrk gS] D;ksafd og viuh izfrijh{kk esa mldh ljnkj [kkW o mej eksgEen ls [kq'khZnu dh eR;q gksus ckcr~ dksbZ ckr ugha gksuk dFku djrk gS] ftlls gLrxr izdj.k esa xokg dks egewn }kjk] ?kVuk dh tkudkjh nsus ckcr~ dFku dh iqf"V ugh a gksus ls Hkh mlds mDr dFku dh fo'oluh;rk ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] bl lanHkZ esa ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS xokg us viuh izfrijh{kk esa ;g dFku fd;k gS fd iqfyl us mlds c;ku fnukad 01-01-1998 dks fy, Fks] mlus iqfyl dks ;g ckr crk nh Fkh fd [kq'khZnu dh gR;k Qk:[k us rkj ls xyk ?kksaVdj dh Fkh ysfdu ;g ckr izn'kZ Mh-&1 esa irk ugha D;ksa ntZ ugha gS] gekjh fouez jk; esa ;fn okLro esa xokg dks] ih-M-&1 egewn }kjk erdk dh e`R;q dSls gqbZ] bl ckcr~ tkudkjh nh xbZ gksrh rks og vius iqfyl c;ku tks ?kVuk ds fnu fjdkWMZ gq, gS] mlesa rkj ls ekjus dh ckr vo'; gh dFku djrk] ftlls Hkh mlds mDr dFku dh iqf"V ugha gks ikrh gS] blh izdkj xokg viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa ekSds ls iqfyl }kjk VwVh gqbZ pwfM+;ka] rkj rFkk ,d :eky dks cjken djuk ;|fi dFku fd;k gS] fdUrq mlds mDr dFku dh iqf"V Hkh vU; lk{khx.k ds dFkuksa ,oa vuqla/kku dk;Zokgh ls ugha gksrh gS] D;ksafd izFke rks xokg ih-M-&7 vehuk ,oa xokg ih-M-&8 eaxy flag us vius&vius c;kuksa esa ?kVukLFky ij [kq'khZnu dh yk'k ds ikl pwfM+;ksa ds VqdMs ugha gksuk dFku djrs gSa ,oa xokg
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[2023:RJ-JP:20249-DB]
[CRLA-591/1999]
ih-M-&3 'kjhQ [kkWu iqfyl }kjk mlds lkeus dksbZ :eky vfHk;qDr ls tCr ugha djuk dFku djrk gS] ftlls ekSds ls pwMh] rkj] :eky cjken djus ckcr~ dFku dh lEiqf"V vU; lkf{k;ksa ds dFkuksa ls ugha gks ikrh gS] oSls xokg ds ekSds ls iqfyl }kjk rkj] :eky cjken djus ds dFku dh iqf"V gLrxr izdj.k esa vuqla/kku dk;Zokgh ls Hkh ugha gksrh gS] D;ksafd vfHk;kstu dgkuh vuqlkj rkj eqyfte dh lwpuk ij tCr gksuk crk;k x;k gS ,oa :eky Hkh vfHk;qDr dh tsc ls cjken dj tCr djuk crk;k x;k gS rFkk :eky o rkj dks yk'k ds ikl ls cjken gksuk ugha crk;k x;k gS] ftlls xokg ds dFkuksa dh iqf"V vuqla/kku dk;Zokgh ls Hkh ugha gks ikus ls tgka mlds dFkuksa dh fo'oluh;rk ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] lkFk gh ;fn xokg ds dFku dks lgh ekus fd rkj] :eky ekSds ls cjken gq, Fks rks vuqla/kku dk;Zokgh dh fo'oluh;rk Hkax gksus ls mDr QnkZr~ dh dk;Zokgh dh fo'oluh;rk Hkh ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] ftlls vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh dM+hc) Ja[kyk ugha cu ikrh gS] bl lanHkZ esa ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd xokg us vkxs viuh izfrijh{kk esa ;g Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gS fd og :eky dgka ls fudkydj yk;k Fkk mls irk ugha gS rFkk erdk ds gkFkksa esa iguh gqbZ pwfM+;ksa dks iqfyl us rksM+k Fkk] ftlls tgka iqu% izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh tsc ls :eky feyus ckcr~ vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh iqf"V ugha gks ikrh gS] lkFk gh vfHk;kstu dgkuh fd erdk dh pwfM+;ka la?k"kZ esa VwVh Fkh dh iqf"V Hkh ugha gks ikrh gS] cfYd mDr pwfM+;ka Lo;a iqfyl }kjk vuqla/kku ds nkSjku rksM+uk izdV gksus ls iqu% vuqla/kku dk;Zokgh dh fo'oluh;rk Hkax gksus ls vuqla/kku dk;Zokgh iqu% lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS ,oa mldh dM+hc) Ja[kyk Hkh ugha cu ikrh gS] ftlls mDr xokg ds dFkuksa ls Hkh gLrxr izdj.k esa vfHk;kstu dgkuh ,oa fopkj.kh; fcUnw dh iqf"V ughas gks ikrh gSA
27. gLrxr izdj.k esa vc vU; lk{kh ih-M-&10 ljnkj [kkW dh lk{; ij fopkj djsa rks mDr xokg us viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa ;g dFku fd;k gS fd mlus viuh yM+dh dh 'kknh vkt ls djhc ikap lky igys fnukad 18-05-1993 dks Qk:[k ds lkFk dh Fkh] 'kknh ds <kbZ lky ckn mlds ,d yM+dk gqvk] ftldk uke vt:Ìhu gS] fnukad 01-01-1998 dks lqcg 8-00&8-30 cts mls ;g lwpuk feyh fd mldh yM+dh dk mn;iqj esa nsgkar gks x;k gS] fctyh ds rkj ls e`R;q gks xbZ gS] bl lwpuk ij og vkSj mldk HkkbZ mej eksgEen] mldk yM+dk bdcky mn;iqj vk;s Fks] tc yMdh dks ns[kk rks yMdh ds xys ij uhys fu'kku Fks] og ns[kdj yM+dh ls vyx gqvk rks egewn vkSj xkao ds vkneh
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[2023:RJ-JP:20249-DB]
[CRLA-591/1999]
mlds o mlds xkao okyksa ds lkeus crk;k fd vkidh yM+dh dks pDdh ?kj esa rhu&pkj cts ds djhc xyk ?kksVdj rkj dh jLlh ls mlds yM+ds Qk:[k us ekj fn;k gS] bldh fjiksVZ Fkkuk fHkokMh esa ntZ djok nh gS] bl izdkj mDr xokg ds mDr dFkuksa ls izFke rks mldk ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa p'enhn lk{kh uk gksdj vuqJqr lk{kh gksuk izdV gksrk gS] ftlls mlds ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa p'enhn lk{kh uk gksus ls izFken"V;k gh mlds dFkuksa ls fopkj.kh; fcUnw dh iqf"V ugha gks ikrh gS] ;|fi xokg us viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa mls egewn }kjk xkao okyksa ds lkeus izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk mldh yMdh dh rkj ls xyk ?kksaVdj gR;k djus dh tkudkjh nsus ckcr~ dFku fd;k x;k gS] fdUrq xokg ih-M-&1 egewn us izFke rks viuh izfrijh{kk esa xokg dks ?kVuk dh dksbZ tkudkjh nsus ls Li"V badkj fd;k gS] lkFk gh bdcky tks mldk yM+dk gS o vU; xkao okys ftudh mifLFkfr esa mls lwpuk nh xbZ Fkh] os U;k;ky; esa ijhf{kr ugha gq, gSa] blh izdkj xokg ds dFkuksa ls erdk dk ,d iq= gksuk Hkh izdV gksrk gS] fdUrq izdj.k esa erdk dk iq= tks ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa Lora= lk{kh gks ldrk Fkk] mls Hkh vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk U;k;ky; esa izLrqr dj ijhf{kr ugha djok;k x;k gS] ftlls gLrxr izdj.k esa xokg ds bl dFku dh lEiqf"V ugha gks ikrh gS fd mls egewn us ?kVuk dh tkudkjh nh xbZ Fkh] bl lUnHkZ esa ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd xokg us viuh izfrijh{kk esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd mlus xexhu ekgkSy gksus ls mldh yM+dh dh eR;q dk dkj.k ugha iwNk] ftlls mlds Lo;a ds dFkuksa ls mls egewn }kjk erdk dh eR;q dSls gqbZ bl ckr dh tkudkjh nh xbZ Fkh bl dFku dh iqf"V ugha gks ikrh gS] cfYd mDr dFku vkWDVjFkkWV ¼Afterthoght½ gksuk izdV gksus ls mldh fo'oluh;rk ;qfDRk;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gSA
28. gLrxr izdj.k esa xokg ih-M-&10 ljnkj [kkW us vkxs viuh izfrijh{kk esa ;g Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gS fd iqfyl us mlls iwNrkN dh Fkh] iqfyl c;ku izn'kZ Mh-&2 esa ;g ugha fy[kk gS fd mldh yM+dh dks fctyh ds rkj ls xyk ?kksaVdj ekj fn;k gS] tks mlus iqfyl dks crk fn;k Fkk] iqfyl c;ku izn'kZ Mh-&2 esa mldh yM+dh dks pDdh ?kj esa rhu&pkj cts ds djhc xyk ?kksaVdj fctyh ds rkj ls ekj fn;k gS rFkk bldh fjiksVZ Fkkuk fHkokMh esa fy[kk nh gS] ;g ckr iqfyl dks crkbZ Fkh] tks iqfyl c;ku izn'kZ Mh-&2 esa ugha fy[kh gS] ftlls fctyh ds rkj ls xyk ?kksaVdj ekjus dh ckr mlds iqfyl c;ku esa vafdr uk gksus ls Hkh mlds bl lanHkZ esa eq[; ijh{kk esa fd;s x;s dFkuksa dh fo'oluh;rk iqu% ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gSA
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[CRLA-591/1999]
29. xokg ih-M-&10 ljnkj [kkW us viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa blh izdkj ;|fi ;g dFku fd;k gS fd os ngst dh ekax djrs Fks] eueqVko gksus ds ckn yM+dh [kq'khZnu mlds ?kj ij vkB eghus rd jgh vkSj og yM+dk ysus ugha vkrk Fkk] 'kknh ds ckn yM+dk gksus ij muds ;gka NwNd curk gS] tks mlus fn;k Fkk] fdUrq izfrijh{kk esa og ;g Lohdkj djrk gS fd mDr ckr iqfyl c;ku izn'kZ Mh-&2 esa ugha fy[kh gS] ftlls xokg ds eq[; ijh{kk esa bl lanHkZ esa fd;s x;s dFku Hkh mlds iqfyl c;ku esa vafdr ugha gksus ls tgka mDr dFku dh fo'oluh;rk Hkh ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] lkFk gh mDr dFku Hkh vkW¶VjFkkWV ¼Afterthought½ fd;k tkuk izdV gksus ls mlds dFkuksa dh fo'oluh;rk iqu% ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikrh gS] ftlls Hkh mlds dFkuksa ls vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh dM+hc) J`a[kyk ugha cu ikrh gSA
30. fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd dk nkSjkus cgl ;|fi ;g dFku jgk gS fd izLrqr ekeys esa ifjoknh egewn ds dFkuksa ls fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih-&1 izekf.kr gqbZ gS ,oa mlds voyksdu ls izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk [kq'khZnu dh gR;k djuk izekf.kr gqvk gS rFkk i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ls ?kVuk ds fnu izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk erdk ds lkFk gksuk Hkh izekf.kr gqvk gS] fdUrq izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr }kjk ;g Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gS fd erdk dh eR;q dSls gqbZ] ftlls izdj.k esa mi/kkj.kk ds vk/kkj ij Hkh mlh ds }kjk eR;q djuk izekf.kr gqvk gS] muds }kjk vius mDr dFkuksa ds leFkZu esa fuEu U;kf;d n`"Vkar is'k fd;s x;s gSa %&
1. Bhole & Ors. Vs. The State of Madhya Pradesh (Criminal Appeal Nos. 889-890 of 2012) Decided on 16th August, 2023
2. Wazir Khan Vs. State of Uttarakhand (Criminal Appeal Nos. 1922-1923/2017) Decided on 2nd August, 2023
3. Rajesh Yadav & Anr. Etc. Vs. State of U.P. (Criminal Appeal Nos. 339-340 of 2014) Decided on 4th February, 2022
31. geus izLrqr U;kf;d n"Vkarksa dk lEekuiwoZd voyksdu dj] muls mfpr ekxZn'kZu izkIr fd;k ,oa fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd ds rdksZa ij euu fd;k] fdUrq izFke rks izLrqr U;kf;d n"Vkarksa ds rF; gLrxr izdj.k ds rF;ksa ls fHkUu gksus ds dkj.k gLrxr izdj.k ij pLik ugha gksrs gSa] lkFk gh ge fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk izLrqr rdksZa ls Hkh fl)kar :i ls lger ugha gS] D;ksafd gLrxr izdj.k esa izFke rks fdlh Hkh lk{kh us ?kVuk ds fnu izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk e`rdk ds lkFk gksuk dFku ugha fd;k gS] cfYd xokg ih-M-&6 eq0 tehyk }kjk viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa Li"V :i ls ?kVuk dh jkr [kq'khZnu o
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Qk:[k dk ,d txg ugha lksuk dFku fd;k x;k gS] ftlls vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls dksbZ iqu% ijh{k.k Hkh ugha fd;k x;k gS] i=koyh ij vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds erdk ds lkFk ?kVuk dh jkr gksus ds lanHkZ esa dksbZ nLrkosth lk{; Hkh izLrqr ugha gqbZ gS] ftlls Hkh gLrxr izdj.k esa ?kVuk dh jkr izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk erdk ds lkFk gksus ckcr~ vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh iqf"V ugha gks ik;h gS] lkFk gh vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk nkSjkus cgl izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dk mldh iRuh dh gR;k ds ihNs D;k vk'k; ,oa mÌs'; Fkk mldks Hkh Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gS] ,sls esa gekjh fouez jk; esa ek= izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds e`rdk dk ifr gksus ls rFkk mlds }kjk vius c;ku eqyfte esa Li"Vhdj.k ugha fn;s tkus ls mls gekjh fouez jk; esa nks"kfLk) ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd ;g fof/k dk lqizfrikfnr fl)kar gS fd 'kd fdruk Hkh xgjk gks og lk{; dk LFkku ugha ys ldrk gS] blh izdkj tgka rd fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd ds izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih-&1 ds izekf.kr gksus dk laca/k gS rks og Hkh izdj.k esa lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gqbZ gS] D;ksafd xokg ih-M-&1 egewn ftlds }kjk fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih-&1 ntZ djok;h xbZ gS] mlus viuh eq[; ijh{kk esa Li"V :Ik ls mlds }kjk fjiksVZ ntZ ugha djkuk dFku fd;k x;k gS rFkk viuh izfrijh{kk esa mldk vui<+ gksuk Lohdkj fd;k gS ,oa gLrk{kj djuk tkuuk dFku djrs gq, izn'kZ ih-&1 dk lh ls Mh Hkkx ^^vkt ---------------- Lohdkj djsa**] mlds }kjk ugha fy[kokuk rFkk Fkkus ij mlds dksjs dkxt ij gLrk{kj djokuk dFku fd;k gS] ftlls vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls bl lanHkZ esa dksbZ iqu% ijh{k.k ugha fd;k x;k gS ,oa izdj.k esa j?kqjkt flag ftlds le{k mDr fjiksVZ izLrqr gksuk crk;k x;k gS ,oa ftlds }kjk pkd ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- izn'kZ ih-&2 mDr fjiksVZ ds vk/kkj ij ntZ dh xbZ gS og Hkh U;k;ky; esa ijhf{kr ugha gqvk gS] ftlls gekjh fouez jk; esa fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih-&1 esa vafdr rF;ksa dh fo'oluh;rk gLrxr izdj.k esa ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) ugha gks ikbZ gSA
32. vfHk;kstu i{k dk ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ds ekeyksa esa ;g iqfur nkf;Ro gksrk gS fd og izdj.k esa] vfHk;qDr dks vkjksfir vijk/k ls tksM+us ds fy, izR;sd dM+h dks ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs fl) djs ,oa mDr lHkh dfM+;ksa dh J`a[kyk bruh etcwr gks fd muesa lansg dh yS'kek= Hkh xqatkbZ'k uk jgs] ijUrq i=koyh ij tks lkexzh ,oa lk{; vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls izLrqr dh xbZ gS] muesa vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls izLrqr leLr dfM+;ka VwVh gqbZ] fc[kjh gqbZ ,oa vleku gS] tks gekjh fouez jk; esa vfHk;qDr dks vkjksfir vijk/k ls ugha tksM+rh gSa] vkijkf/kd fof/k dk ;g Hkh lqizfrikfnr fl)kar gS fd vfHk;kstu i{k
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[2023:RJ-JP:20249-DB]
[CRLA-591/1999]
dks viuk ekeyk lansg ls ijs lkfcr djuk pkfg,] gLrxr izdj.k esa vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk izLrqr ekSf[kd ,oa nLrkosth lk{; esa Hkh xEHkhj izd`fr dk lkjHkwr fojks/kkHkkl gS] tks vfHk;kstu dgkuh esa lansg dks tUe nsrk gS ,oa tgka lansg gks] ogka fof/k ds loZekU; fl)kar ds vuqlkj mldk ykHk vfHk;qDr dks fn;k tkuk pkfg,] vr% i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; rFkk mHk;i{kksa ds rdksZa ij euu ds i’pkr~ ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igqaps gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir vkns'k fnukad 06-11-1998 esa dksbZ fof/kd o rkfRod =qfV ugha gS ,oa og iqf"V fd;s tkus ;ksX; gS ,oa vihy] vihykFkhZ&jktLFkku ljdkj [kkfjt fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA
33. ifj.kker% vihykFkhZ jktLFkku ljdkj ds }kjk izLrqr ;g vihy ,rn~}kjk vLohdkj dj [kkfjt dh tkrh gS rFkk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; vij ftyk ,oa ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] Øe&2] fd'kux<ckl] vyoj }kjk ls'ku izdj.k l a [;k 5@1998] muokuh izdj.k jkT; ljdkj cuke Qk:+[k esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 06-11-1998 dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA
34. bl fu.kZ; dh ,d izfr fopkj.k U;k;ky; dh i=koyh ds lkFk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks fHktokbZ tkosA
(BHUWAN GOYAL),J
(PANKAJ BHANDARI),J
AKSHAY PAREEK/P.A.
2 issues framed by the court
Whether the trial court erred in acquitting the respondent under Section 302 IPC despite circumstantial evidence linking him to the death of his wife?
Whether the judgment of acquittal dated 06-11-1998 is perverse and liable to be set aside?
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Sharad Birdhichand Sarda vs. State of MaharashtraReferred¶14
AIR 1984 SC 1622 · Who else cites this
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Rajesh Yadav & Anr. Etc. Vs. State of U.P.Referred¶30
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3 provisions across 2 enactments
State of Rajasthan through PP
Farooq Son of Mahmood
Pankaj Bhandari
Bhuwan Goyal
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
