Allowed

Kamla Devi v. Himmatram

Rajasthan HC9 May 2023CMA/626/2022

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

The High Court allowed a civil misc. appeal against the trial court's order dismissing an application for temporary injunction. Relying on settled law, it held that in a joint Hindu family property, one co-sharer's physical possession is deemed possession for all co-sharers unless ouster is pleaded and proved. The matter was remanded for fresh consideration.

What did the court decide?

The impugned order dated 02-03-2022 was set aside and the matter was remitted back to the trial court for fresh consideration of the injunction application in accordance with law, directing the partie

Kamla Devi Vs Himmatram — Partition | Rajasthan HC (2023)

¶1

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT JODHPUR

¶2

S.B. Civil Misc. Appeal No. 626/2022

¶3

Kamla Devi W/o Late Shankar Lal Kumhar, Aged About 63 Years, B/c Kumhar, R/o Shahji Ki Badi, Sirohi, Distt. Sirohi (Raj.)

¶4

Ganeshram S/o Late Rajaramji Kumhar, Aged About 58 Years, B/c Kumhar, R/o Shahji Ki Badi, Sirohi, Distt. Sirohi (Raj.)

¶5

Hiral D/o Late Keshavlal Kumhar, Aged About 41 Years, W/o Arvind Kumhar, R/o Shahji Ki Badi, Sirohi, Distt. Sirohi (Raj.) At Present R/o Indra Colony, Pindwara, Tehsil Pindwara, Distt. Sirohi (Raj.).

¶6

----Appellants

¶7

Versus

¶8

Himmatram S/o Late Hansaram Kumhar, R/o Shahji Ki Badi, Sirohi, In Front Of Rajmata Dharmshala, Sirohi, Distt. Sirohi (Raj.)

¶9

Smt. Ranjan Devi W/o Late Keshavlal Kumhar, R/o Shahji Ki Badi, Sirohi, Distt. Sirohi (Raj.)

¶10

Urvish Kumar S/o Late Keshavlal Kumhar, R/o Shahji Ki Badi, Sirohi, Distt. Sirohi (Raj.)

¶11

Padmaram S/o Late Rajaramji Kumhar, R/o Shahji Ki Badi, Sirohi, Distt. Sirohi (Raj.)

¶12

Ratanbai D/o Hansaram Ji, W/o Laxmanram Ji, R/o Kumharwada, Sirohi, Distt. Sirohi (Raj.)

¶13

----Respondents

¶14

For Appellant(s)	: Mr.	DeelipKawadia
For Respondent(s)	: Mr.	CS. Kotwani

¶15

HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT

¶16

Judgment

¶17

Reserved On 24/04/2023 Pronounced On 09/ 05/2023

[2023/RJJD/013407]

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01vihykFkhZ }kjk ;g vihy fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] fljksgh ds vk{ksfir vkns'k fnukad 02-03-2022 ls O;fFkr gksdj is'k dh xbZ] ftlds }kjk vihykFkhZ dk izkFkZuk&i= vUrxZr vkns'k 39 fu;e 1 o 2 lifBr /kkjk 151 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk [kkfjt fd;k x;kA

¶22

02la{ksi esa ekeys ds rF; bl izdkj gS fd vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k okn&i=] olh;rukek dks 'kwU; ?kksf"kr fd, tkus o lEifRr ds foHkktu o LFkkbZ fu"ks|kKk dk izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] ftlds lkFk vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk dk izkFkZuk&i= vUrxZr vkns'k 39 fu;e 1 o 2 lifBr /kkjk 151 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk izLrqr dj ;g fuosnu fd;k x;k fd psukth ds nks iq= galk th o jktkjke th Fks] ftuds la;qDr uke ls 1050 oxZQhV vkoklh; Hkw[k.M e; edku jktekrk /keZ'kkyk ds ikl fLFkr gS] ftldk iVVk la[;k 493 fnukafdr 14-11-1951 dysDVj fljksgh }kjk tkjh fd;k gqvk gSA ftldk iqjkuk iVVk la[;k 2502 fnukad 09-02-1913 gSA galk th dh eR;q 21-05-1995 dks o jktk jke th eR;q 16-04-1963 dks gks pqdh gSA galk th ds nks iq= o ,d iq=h ds'koyky] fgEerjke o jruckbZ gSA ftlesa ds'koyky dh eR;q gks pqdh gSA ftlds okfjl Jherh jatunsoh iRuh vizkFkhZ la[;k 2 mohZ'k dqekj iq= vizkFkhZ la[;k 3 o fgjydqekjh izkFkhZ la[;k 3 gS vkSj galk th dk iq= fgEerjke vizkFkhZ la[;k 1] jruckbZ vizkFkhZ la[;k 5 gSA bl lEifRr esa galkth ds 1@2 fgLlk ds 3 fgLlk vuqlkj lEifRr esa ds'koyky erd dk 1@6] fgEerjke dk 1@6 o jruckbZ dk 1@6 fgLlk gqvk vkSj ds'koyky dh e`R;q ds i'pkr mldk fgLlk iRuh Jherh jatu nsoh] moh'k dqekj o fgjy dks izkIr gqvkA

¶23

03vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls vius vfHkopu esa ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd jktk jke th eR;q ds i'pkr mlds rhu iq= 'kadjyky] inekjke o x.ks'kjke mRrjkf/kdkjh gq, vkSj 'kadjyky dh eR;q gks pqdh gS] ftldh iRuh Jherh deyk nsoh izkFkhZ la[;k 1 gS vkSj inekjke vizkFkhZ la[;k 4] x.ks'kjke izkFkhZ la[;k 2 gSA jktk jke th ds 1@2 fgLlk gksus ls lEifRr esa 'kadjyky] inekjke o x.ks'kjke izR;sd dk 1@6&1@6 fgLlk gqvk vkSj 'kadjyky dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ 'kadjyky dk fgLlk Jherh deyk nsoh dks izkIr gqvkA

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04vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls ;g fuosnu fd;k x;k fd galk jke th o jktk jke th ds e/; caVokjk ugha gqvk vkSj fcuk caVokjs ds dksbZ fuekZ.k dk;Z ugha djok;k tk ldrkA la;qDr ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ksa dk la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj dh leLr lEifRr ij leku gd] fgLlk o LokfeRo gS] ftlij izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZx.k dk la;qDr dCtk pyk vk jgk gSA Lo- galkjke th o Lo- jktk jke th dh mDr lEifRr dk Lo- galkjke th dks olh;r djus dk dksbZ gd vf/kdkj ugha gS u gh mDr lEifRr dk dHkh dksbZ caVokMk ;k fjyht ;k fdlh Hkh izdkj ls dksbZ ikfjokfjd le>kSrk gh gqvk gS] ftlls mDr lEifRr la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj dh gh lEifRr gSA vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fiNys dbZ o"kksZa ls mDr lEifRr gM+ius gsrq iz;kljr gSA galkth viuh vk;q ds lkrosa n'kd esa 'kkjhfjd o ekufld :i ls vLoLFk jgus yxsA ftl ij vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fgEerjke }kjk "kM+;a= dj olh;rukek fu"ikfnr djus dk ncko nsus yxkA fnukad 27-01-2022 dks izkFkhZ la[;k 1 }kjk oknxzLr lEifRr vkoklh; edku dks rksM+&QksM+ djus gsrq vk;k rc oknhx.k us vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 ds }kjk oknxzLr lEifRr dks rksM+&QksM+ djus dk fojks/k fd;k ftl ij vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 us vius i{k esa galk th }kjk rFkkdfFkr olh;r ukek fd, tkus dh ckr crkbZA olh;rukek fnukad 22-11-1994 dh olh;r ns[kus ij vk'p;Z gqvkA Lo- galkth }kjk dHkh olh;rukek fu"ikfnr ugha fd;k x;k FkkA NyiwoZd galkth dh ekufld vLoLFkrk dk ykHk mBkdj mDr nLrkost djok;k x;k gSA

¶28

05izkFkhZ&vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls ;g fuosnu fd;k fd galk th us vius thoudky esa dksbZ olh;r dk fu"iknu viuh LosPNk ls ugha fd;k gSA galkjke th fnukad 22-11-1994 dks olh;r dk fu"iknu djus esa l{ke ugha Fks o vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 }kjk vkijkf/kd "kM~;a= dj NyiwoZd olh;rukek nLrkost rS;kj djok;k gSA mDr lEifRr la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj dh lEifRr gksus ls lEifRr dk caVokjk fd, fcuk vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dksbZ fuekZ.k dk;Z Lo;a ds fy, ugha djok ldrk vkSj u gh vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fuekZ.k Lohdfr izkIr dj ldrk gSA fgEerjke }kjk QthZ ,oa dqVjfpr nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij fuekZ.k Lohdfr ugha djok ldrkA galk th dks mDr lEifRr dks olh;r djus dk dksbZ gd] vf/kdkj ugha FkkA vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 lEifRr dks [kqnZ&cqnZ djus dh fQjkd esa gS rFkk mDr lEifRr dk vkoklh; edku

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dks fxjkdj u;k fuekZ.k djus dh fQjkd esa gS vkSj vkoklh; fuekZ.k dks [kqnZ&cqnZ dj fxjk fn;k x;k gS vkSj u;k fuekZ.k dk;Z dj jgk gSA izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZx.k ds iwoZt us leku :i ls [kpZ yxkdj mDr IykWV ij fuekZ.k djok;k Fkk ftl ij izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZx.k vius&vius ifjokj lfgr fuokl dj jgs gSa] ysfdu vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 vdsyk mDr lEifRr dks gM+iuk pkgrk gS ,oa fofHkUu vk/kkj of.kZr djrs gq, vizkFkhZx.k dks ikcan djus dh izkFkZuk dh xbZ fd izkFkhZx.k dks oknxzLr edku e; Hkw[k.M esa izos'k djus ls ugha jksds rFkk [kkyh IykWV esa voS/k :i ls fuekZ.k ugha djs rFkk izkFkhZx.k dks edku esa IykWV dk miHkksx] mi;ksx djus ds fy, :dkoV iSnk ugha djs rFkk >xM+k] Qlkn ugha djsa vkSj vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 mDr lEifRr ij fdlh Hkh izdkj dk fuekZ.k dk;Z ugha djs vkSj u gh lEifRr dks [kqnZ&cqnZ djsa vkSj u gh mDr lEifRr esa izos'k djsaA

¶33

06vizkFkhZ&izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 dh vksj ls tokc izLrqr dj ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd pSuk th ds galk th o jktkjke th nks iq= Fks] ftuds izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZx.k okfjlku gS] lkFk gh ;g fuosnu fd;k fd 'kadjyky erd dh iq=h jpuk dks i{kdkj ugha cuk;k gS vkSj jktkjke dh ,d vkSj iq=h ucZnk dks Hkh i{kdkj ugha cuk;k gS vkSj galk th ds ,d iq=h xksnkojh Fkh] ftldh eR;q gks pqdh gS] ftlds nks iq= o nks iq=h thfor gS] ftUgsa bl ekeys esa i{kdkj ugha cuk;k x;k gSA

¶34

07vizkFkhZ dh vksj ls ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd iVVk la[;k 493 fnukad 14-11-1951 dks galk th o jktk th ds gd esa tkjh gqvk] mlds lkFk gh 14-11-1951 dks gh ,d nwljk iVVk mlh uki dk ftyk dysDVj fljksgh }kjk 491 uacj dk tkjh fd;k x;kA iVVk la[;k 493 esa galk th dk ifjokj fuokl dj jgk Fkk vkSj iVVk la[;k 491 e s a jktk th dk ifjokj fuokl dj jgk FkkA jktk th dh e`R;q o"kZ 1963 esa gksus ds i'pkr~ mudh iRuh o ifjokj lEifRr esa fuokl djrs vk jgs gSaA rRi'pkr~ iVVk la[;k 491 o 493 leku uki dk gksus ls jktk th dh iRuh uoq nsoh o galk th us vkilh lgefr ls caVokM dj iVVk la[;k 491 dk edku jktk th dh iRuh uoqnsoh ds fgLls esa j[kk vkSj iVVk la[;k 493 dh lEifRr dk edku galk th ds fgLls esa j[kk] mDr caVokM gq, djhcu 60 lky dh vof/k xqtj pqdh gSA 'kq: ls gh mDr iVVk la[;k 491 esa jktk th dk ifjokj fuokl djrk vk jgk gS ,oa iV~Vk

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la[;k 493 esa galk th dk ifjokj fuokl djrk FkkA pwafd nksuksa dk edku leku uki ds gksus ls mlds pkj Hkkx djus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gksus ls vkilh caVokM fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ,d edku galk th ds fgLls esa j[kk vkSj ,d edku jktk th ds fgLls esa j[kk x;kA

¶39

08vizkFkhZ&izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 dh vksj ls ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k x;k fd galk th dk iq= ds'koyky 'kknh ds ckn vyx gks x;k rFkk ds'koyky dks Lo- galkjke th dh ,d vU; lEifRr tks HkksbZokMk esa vkbZ gqbZ gS] ftldk iV~Vk galk th] ds'koyky o fgEerjke ds uke dk cuk gqvk] ftlesa ds'koyky dks 1@2 fgLlk fn;k x;kA rc ls mDr edku esa ds'koyky vius ifjokj lfgr fuokl dj jgk gS vkSj oknxzLr lEifRr esa vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fgEerjke dk ifjokj fuokl djrk vk jgk gSA izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZ la[;k 2 o 3 dk dksbZ laca/k ugha gSA

¶40

09iVVk la[;k 493 dh lEifRr dk Lo- galkjke th us vius thoudky esa caVokM dj ,d jftLVMZ olh;rukek fu"ikfnr fd;k vkSj lEifRr dk ,dek= Lokeh o ekfyd vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 gS] blds vykok fdlh dk LokfeRo ugha jgk vkSj u gh mDr lEifRr fgUnw ifjokj dh jgh gS u gh vius thoudky esa izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZ la[;k 2 ls 5 dk dHkh dksbZ dCtk jgkA fiNys 60 o"kksZa ls fcuk jksdVksd ds 'kkafriwoZd vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fuokl djrk vk jgk gSA vizkFkhZ&izR;FkhZ dh vksj ls ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd iVVk la[;k 493 dh lEifRr esa vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 us gh iwoZ esa dPpk dsyqiks'k dk edku cuk gqvk Fkk] ftlesa ejEer djokdj Vhu'ksM ls iqu% Nr dk fuekZ.k djok;k ,oa orZeku esa mDr edku dk vkoklh; ls okf.kfT;d :ikarj.k djokdj djhc 5 yk[k #i;s jktdks"k esa tek djok, ,oa iqjkus edku dks /oLr dj eyck gVk;k x;k vkSj uhao [kksndj vkjlhlh ds fiyj [kM+s fd, x, gSa vkSj fuekZ.k laca/kh lkexzh ekSds ij iM+h gqbZ gS] ftlesa vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 us yk[kksa #i;s [kpZ fd, gSaA ;fn vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 dks fuekZ.k dk;Z ls jksdk tkrk gS rks vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 dks dkQh uqdlku dkfjr gksxk] ftldk vkadyu #i;ksa esa ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

¶41

10vizkFkhZ&izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 us ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd lsokfuofr ds i'pkr~ okf.kfT;d iz;kstukFkZ gsrq uxj&ifj"kn ls :ikarj.k djokdj ,rn~ i'pkr~ fof/kor~ :i ls fuekZ.k Lohdfr izkIr dj fuekZ.k dk;Z djok;k tk jgk gS vkSj edku

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dks vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 }kjk /oLr djok;k x;k] ftlesa 15 fnu yxsA izkFkhZx.k }kjk dksbZ vkifRr ugha dh xbZ vkSj uhao [kksndj vkjlhlh ds fiyj [kMs fd,] rc izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZ la[;k 2 ls 4 }kjk vkil esa "kM+;a= jpdj feyhHkxr dj vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 dks uqdlku igqapkus dh cnfu;fr ls >wBs o feF;k dFkuksa dk lgkjk ysdj izkFkZuk i= izLrqr fd;k gS] tks [kkfjt fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA ;fn izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZ la[;k 2 ls 4 us dHkh Hkh mDr lEifRr esa fuokl fd;k gksrk] rks vo'; gh fuokZpu ukekoyh esa ernkrk lwph esa mudk uke bUnzkt gksrk] ysfdu dsoy ek= vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 ds ekrk&firk o muds ifjokj dk uke ernkrk lwph esa tuojh] 1990 ls 2019 rd ntZ gS] ftlls tkfgj gS fd izkFkhZx.k us dHkh Hkh mDr lEifRr esa fuokl ugha fd;k] dsoy ek= lq;aDr fgUnw ifjokj dh lEifRr rFkk lkeqfgd fgLlk gksuk crkdj izkFkZuk i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] tks [kkfjt fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA

¶46

11i{kdkjku dh cgl lquh tkdj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk vk{ksfir vkns'k ds }kjk izkFkZuk&i= [kkfjt fd;k x;k] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj ;g vihy izLrqr dh xbZ gSA

¶47

12vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls viuh vihy esa ;g fuosnu fd;k fd oknxzLr lEifRr iwoZ esa vihykFkhZx.k ds iwoZtksa dh FkhA u;k iVVk galkjke o jktk jke ds uke ls tkjh gqvk] galkjke dks jktk jke ds fgLls dh lEifRr dk olh;r djus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha FkkA bl dkj.k ls galkjke dh olh;r 'kwU; vkSj fu"izHkkoh gSA mlds vykok olh;r "kM+;a= iwoZd rS;kj fd;k x;k nLrkost gSA D;ksafd ml le; galkjke ekufld o 'kkjhfjd :i ls LoLFk ugha Fkk vkSj ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd fjdkWMZ ij ,slk dksbZ nLrkost ugha gS] ftlls fd ;g izrhr gks fd la;qDr lEifRr dk caVokM+k gqvk] fcuk fdlh nLrkost ds caVokM+k gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrk vkSj mlds vk/kkj ij vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk vihykFkhZ izkIr djus ds vf/kdkjh gSaA vihykFkhZ }kjk ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k x;k fd fookfnr lEifRr la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj dh lEifRr gS] ftlesa vihykFkhZx.k dk fgLlk gSA fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dsoy ek= bl vk/kkj ij fd vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls iVVk la[;k 493 esa dCtk lkfcr ugha fd;k x;k] izFken`"V~;k eqdnek ekuus ls bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA tcfd Lo;a v/khuLFk U;k;ky; iV~Vk la[;k 493 galkjke o jktkjke ds uke ls gksuk ekurk

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gSA fof/k dk ;g lqLFkkfir fl)kar gS fd la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj dh lEifRr esa izR;sd fgLlsnkj ¼Co-sharer½ dk dCtk ekuk tk,xkA mlds fy, fdlh nLrkost dk gksuk vko';d ugha gSA ,slh voLFkk esa oknhx.k dk vf/kdkj fooknxzLr lEifRr ij gS vkSj ^ckbZ ehVl ,.M ckmaMl* i{kdkjku ds e/; lEifRr dk foHkktu gksus dk dksbZ fjdkWMZ ugha gS vkSj bl vk/kkj ij fd yacs le; ls ,d fgLlsnkj ¼Co-sharer½ dk lEifRr ij dCtk gS] vkSj mlus fuekZ.k dk;Z dh Lohd`fr ykWdy vkWFkksfjVh ls fcuk fdlh vkifRr ds izkIr dj yh gS] vLFkkbZ fu"kks/kkKk tkjh djus ls bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA var esa vihy Lohdkj dj vk{ksfir vkns'k fujLr fd, tkus rFkk vihykFkhZ dk izkFkZuk&i= Lohdkj fd, tkus dh izkFkZuk dh xbZA

¶52

13cgl vihy lquh xbZA fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ }kjk izkFkZuk&i= esa of.kZr rF;ksa dh iqujkofrZ dh vkSj vihy esa mBk, x, vk/kkjksa dks nkSjkus cgl rdksZa ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k vkSj nkSjkus cgl bl ckr ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk dsoy vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 dk HkkSfrd dCtk ekurs gq, izkFkZuk&i= [kkfjt fd;k gS] tks fof/klEer ugha gSA caVokM+s dk dksbZ nLrkost fjdkWMZ ij ugha gS vkSj olh;rukek Hkh fookfnr gSA izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZx.k fooknxzLr lEifRr ds Co-sharer gSa vkSj ,d Co-sharer ds dCtk gksus ij vU; Co-sharer dk Hkh dCtk gksuk ekus tkus ;ksX; gS] bl vk/kkj ij vihy Lohdkj fd, tkus dh izkFkZuk dh rFkk fofHkUu U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dh vksj esjk /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;kA

¶53

14vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ dh vksj ls ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vkns'k i=koyh ij miyC/k lkexzh ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj jktkjke th dh iq=h Jherh ucZnk dk 'kiFk&i= fjdkWMZ ij is'k fd;k x;k gSA ftlds eqrkfcd iVVk la[;k 491 o 493 dks ysdj foHkktu gksuk Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS vkSj iVVk la[;k 493 okyh Hkwfe ij galkth ds fgLls esa vkuk Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS vkSj galk th ds fgLls esa vkbZ lEifRr iV~Vk la[;k 493 ij fgEerjke }kjk ejEer djokdj fuekZ.k dk;Z djok;k Fkk vkSj cM+k HkkbZ ds'koyky 'kknh ds ckn vU; edku tks HkksbZokM+k esa vk;k gqvk gS] esa fuokl dj jgk FkkA

¶54

15fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ dh vksj ls ;g Hkh rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 ds gd esa galk th }kjk olh;r dh xbZ gS vkSj oknhx.k&izkFkhZx.k dh vksj

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ls dsoy ek= iVVk la[;k 493 ds caVokM+k gsrq okn&i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gS ;fn lEifRr foHkkftr ugha gS rks iVVk la[;k 491 dh lEifRr dk Hkh foHkktu nkok lkFk esa fd;k tkrk] ijarq ,slk izkFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ugha fd;k x;k vkSj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 dk dCtk gksuk ekuk x;k gSA izkFkhZx.k dk dksbZ dCtk ugha ekuk x;k gSA vizkFkhZ }kjk edku rksM+k x;k rc Hkh fdlh us fojks/k ugha fd;k gS vkSj :ikarj.k dh dk;Zokgh dh xbZ vkSj fuekZ.k Lohdfr izkIr dh xbZ] bu dk;Zokfg;ksa esa Hkh izkFkhZx.k }kjk dksbZ fojks/k ugha fd;k x;k vkSj fuekZ.k djus ds nkSjku ihyj dk fuekZ.k gks tkus ds i'pkr~ vkifRr dh xbZ gSA vizkFkhZ&izR;FkhZ dks fuekZ.k dk;Z ls jksdk tkrk gS rks vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 dks viwj.kh; {kfr gksxh] bl vk/kkj ij izFken"V;k eqdnek lqfo/kk dk larqyu ,oa viwj.kh; {kfr ds fcUnw ij lquk tkdj izkFkhZx.k ds i{k esa ugha gksuk crkrs gq, vihy [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA

¶59

16eSaus mijksDr rdksZa ij euu fd;k] i=koyh dk lko/kkuhiwoZd voyksdu fd;kA fof/k dk ;g lqLFkkfir fl)kar gS fd flfoy fofo/k vihy esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vkns'k v'kq)] voS/k ;k vfu;fer gksus ij gh gLr{ksi fd;k tk ldrk gS] vU;Fkk ughaA

¶60

17mDr fof/kd fLFkfr dks ennsutj j[krs gq, vihyh; U;k;ky; o v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dh i=kofy;ksa dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA bl ekeys esa vk{ksfir vkns'k fnukad 02-03-2022 eq[; :i ls bl vk/kkj ij gh ikfjr fd;k x;k gS fd vihykFkhZx.k }kjk fookfnr lEifRr iVVk la[;k 493 ij mudk fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dCtk jgk gks rFkk bl lEifRr dk os mi;ksx djrs jgs gksa] ,slk izFke n`"V;k lkfcr ugha fd;k x;k gSA iVVk la[;k 491 o 493 ,d gh uki] ,d gh izdkj rFkk ,d gh fnukad 14-11-1951 ds gSa rFkk nksuksa ,d gh uke ls gSa rFkk nksuksa gh lEifRr ikl&ikl gS] ftuesa iVVk la[;k 493 ij vizkFkhZ fgEerjke dk yEcs le; ls jgokl gksuk izdV gksrk gSA ijarq izkfFkZ;k deyk nsoh dk iV~Vk la[;k 493 ls lacaf/kr lEifRr ij fdlh Hkh izdkj dk jgokl] mi;ksx] miHkksx o dCtk gksuk fdlh Hkh izdkj ls izdV ugha gks jgk gSA oknxzLr lEifRr ij vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fgEerjke dk dCtk gksuk ik;k x;k gSA orZeku esa oknxzLr lEifRr edku dks /oLr dj fn;k rFkk

[2023/RJJD/013407]

[CMA-626/2022]

(9 of 14)

vc vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fgEerjke dks edku cukus ls jksdk tkrk gS rks fgEerjke dks xaHkhj vlqfo/kk o viw.khZ; {kfr gksxhA

¶65

18;g ekeyk olh;rukek tks galk th }kjk vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 ds i{k esa fd;k x;k gS] mls fujLr ?kksf"kr djkus o iV~Vk la[;k 493 dh lEifRr esa izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZx.k Co-sharer gksus ds vk/kkj ij lEifRr ds caVokjs o LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk dk okn&i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA

¶66

19bl ekeys esa ;g Lohdr fLFkfr gS fd iV~Vk la[;k 493 dh lEifRr psuk th ds iq= galk th o jktk jke th ds uke ls gS] ftldk iV~Vk la[;k 493 fnukad 14-11-1951 dks dysDVj fljksgh }kjk tkjh fd;k gksuk vkSj lEifRr 1050 oxZQhV vkoklh; Hkw[k.M e; edku jktekrk /keZ'kkyk ds ikl fLFkr gSA izkFkhZx.k bl lEifRr dks la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj dh lEifRr gksuk crkrs gSa vkSj bl lEifRr esa izkFkhZ la[;k 3 dk galkth ds iq= ds'koyky erd ds share esa fgLlk gksuk vkSj izkFkhZ la[;k 2 x.ks'k jke dk jktk jke th dk iq= gksus ls lEifRr esa 1@6 fgLlk gksuk vkSj deyk nsoh izkFkhZ la[;k 1 dk jktk jke ds iq= 'kadjyky dh iRuh gksus ds vk/kkj ij 1@6 fgLlk gksuk Dyse fd;k x;k gSA vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 dh vksj ls jktk jke th dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ galk th o jktk jke th dh iRuh uow nsoh ds e/; caVokjk gksdj iVVk la[;k 493 dh lEifRr galk th ds gd esa o iVVk la[;k 491 dh lEifRr jktk jke th ds okfjlksa ds gd esa caVokjk esa izkIr gksuk vkSj oknxzLr lEifRr dh olh;r galk th }kjk vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 ds i{k esa djuk vkSj lEifRr la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj dh lEifRr ugha gksuk vkSj vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 dk vdsys dh lEifRr ij dCtk gksuk] ftlds }kjk Hkwfe dks okf.kfT;d mnns'; ds fy, :ikarfjr djokuk ,oa fuekZ.k dh vuqefr ds i'pkr fuekZ.k dk;Z djuk crk;k x;k gSA

¶67

20dCts dk tgka rd iz'u gS] lEifRr dks izkFkhZx.k Co-sharer ds :i esa caVokjk djokus dk okn ysdj vk, gSa vkSj bl LVst ij ;fn izkFkhZx.k viuk HkkSfrd dCtk lkfcr Hkh ugha dj ik, gSa] rks Hkh dCts ds lac/k esa fof/kd fLFkfr ij fopkj fd;k tk jgk gSA bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk fofHkUu U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa esa fl)kar izfrikfnr fd, x, gSa] ftlesa P. Lakshmi Reddy vs L.

(10 of 14)

[2023/RJJD/013407]

[CMA-626/2022]

Lakshmi Reddy, AIR 1957 SC 314 esa iSjk la[;k 4 esa fuEukuqlkj fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %&

¶72

"4. –-------- But it is well-settled that in order to establish adverse possession of one co-heir as against another it is not enough to show that one out of them is in sole possession and enjoyment of the profits of the properties. Ouster of the non-possessing co-heir by the co-heir in possession, who claims his possession to be. adverse, should be made out. The possession of one co-heir is considered, in law, as possession of all the co-heirs. When one co-heir is found to be in possession of the properties it is presumed to be on the basis of joint title. The coheir in possession cannot render his possession adverse to the other co-heir not in possession merely by any secret hostile animus on his own part in derogation of the other co-heir's title."

¶73

21ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Kailash Rai Vs. Jai Jai Ram and Ors., AIR 1973 SC 893 ds iSjk la[;k 9 esa fuEukuqlkj fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %&

¶74

"9. ---------In law the possession of one co-sharer is possession both on his behalf as well as on behalf of all the other co-sharers unless ouster is pleaded and established. In this case, as Raj. High Court Jodhpur pointed out by us earlier, the finding is that the defendants have not raised! the plea of ouster. ------- the normal principal that possession by one co-sharer is possession for all has to be applied. Further, even when one co-sharer is in possession of the land, the other co-sharers must be considered to be in constructive possession of the land. The expression possession in Clause (a), in our opinion, takes in not only actual physical possession, but also constructive possession that a person has in law. If so, when the defendants were in possession of the lands and when no plea of ouster had been raised or established, such possession is also on behalf of the plaintiff- appellant. Under such circumstances, the lands can be considered to be the possession of the appellant or, at any rate, in his constructive possession."

¶75

22ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Darshan Singh & Ors vs Gujjar Singh (Dead) By Lrs. & Ors, (2002) 2 SCC 62 ds iSjk la[;k 9 esa fuEukuqlkj fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %&

¶76

"9. In our view, the correct legal position is that possession of a property belonging to several co-sharers by one cosharer shall be deemed that he possess the property on

(11 of 14)

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[CMA-626/2022]

behalf of the other co- sharers unless there has been a clear ouster by denying the title of other co-sharers and mutation in the revenue record in the name of one co-sharer would not amount to ouster unless there is a clear declaration that title of the other co-sharers was denied."

¶81

23ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Md. Mohammad Ali (Dead) By Lrs

¶82

vs Sri Jagadish Kalita & Ors, (2004) 1 SCC 271 ds iSjk la[;k 18 o 19 esa fuEukuqlkj foospu fd;k x;k gS %&

¶83

"18. –-- if no partition by meets and bounds took place, the respondents herein were bound to plead and prove ouster of the plaintiff and/ or his predecessors' interest from the land in question. For the said purpose, it was obligatory on the part of the respondents herein to specifically plead and prove as to since when their possession became adverse to the other co-sharers. Moreover, if the possession of Prafulla Kalita was permissive or he obtained the same pursuant to some sort of arrangement as had been observed by the High Court, the plea of adverse possession would fail.

¶84

Long and continuous possession by itself, it is trite, would not constitute adverse possession. Even nonparticipation in the rent and profits of the land to a cosharer does not amount to ouster so as to give title by prescription. A co-sharer, as is well settled, becomes a constructive trustee of other co-sharer and the right of the appellant and/or his predecessors in interest would, thus, be deemed to be protected by the trustee. As noticed herein before, the respondents in their written statement raised a plea of adverse possession only against the third set of the defendants. A plea of adverse possession set up by the respondents, as reproduced hereinbefore, do not meet the requirements of law also in proving ouster of a co-sharer. But in the event, the heirs and legal representatives of Gayaram Kalita and Kashiram Kalita partitioned their properties by meets and bounds, they would cease to be cosharers in which event a plea of adverse possession as contra distinguished from the plea of ouster could be raised. The courts in a given situation may on reading of the written statement in its entirety come to the conclusion that a proper plea of adverse possession has been raised if requisite allegations therefor exist. In the event the plaintiff proves his title, he need not prove that he was in possession within 12 years from the date of filing of suit. If he fails to prove his title, the suit fails."

¶85

24ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vius Reportable Judgment, Jai

¶86

Singh and Ors. Versus Gurmej Singh, (2009) 15 SCC 747 ds iSjk la[;k 9 esa fuEukuqlkj fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %&

(12 of 14)

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[CMA-626/2022]

–--- The principles relating to the inter-se rights and liabilities of co-sharers are as follows:

¶91

(l) A co-owner has an interest in the whole property and also in every parcel of it.

¶92

(2) Possession of joint property by one co-owner is in the eye of law,possession of all even if all but one are actually out of possession.

¶93

(3) A mere occupation of a larger portion or even of an entire joint property does not necessarily amount to ouster as the possession of one is deemed to be on behalf of all.

¶94

(4) The above rule admits of an exception when there is ouster of a co-owner by another. But in order to negative the presumption of joint possession on behalf of all, on the ground of ouster, the possession of a co-owner must not only be exclusive but also hostile to the knowledge of the other as, when a co-owner openly asserts his own title and denies, that of the other.

¶95

(5) Passage of time does not extinguish the right of the coowner who has been out of possession of the joint property except in the event of ouster or abandonment.

¶96

(6) Every co-owner has a right to use the joint property in a husband like manner not inconsistent with similar rights of other co-owners.

¶97

(7) Where a co-owner is in possession of separate parcels under an arrangement consented by the other co-owners, it is not open to anybody to disturb the arrangement without the consent of others except by filing a suit for partition.

¶98

25iwoZ esa of.kZr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa esa izfrikfnr fl)karksa ls ;g Li"V gS fd

¶99

its'ku nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa Physical possession o constructive possession rFkk lEifRr esa ,d ls vf/kd Co-sharer gksus dh voLFkk e s a ;fn ,d Co-sharer dk HkkSfrd dCtk gS] rks Hkh vU; Co-sharer dk constructive dCtk gksuk ekuk tkrk gS vkSj ftl Co-sharer dk dCtk HkkSfrd :i ls gS] og vU; Co-sharer ds dCts ds VªLVh ds :i esa ekuk tkrk gS] blds viokn esa dsoy ;g gS fd HkkSfrd dCts okys Co-sharer plea of ouster ys ldrk gS vkSj ouster ds fy, Bksl rF; gksus pkfg, vkSj ,d Co-sharer dk vf/kdka'k Hkkx esa ;k lEiw.kZ Hkkx esa dCts gksus ek= ls ouster ugha ekuk tk ldrkA gLrxr ekeys esa izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 }kjk plea of ouster ugha yh xbZ gSA dsoy ek= lEifRr esa caVokjk gksuk rFkk galk th }kjk izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 ds i{k esa olh;r djus dk vk/kkj fy;k x;k gS vkSj dkQh iqjkuk dCtk HkkSfrd :i ls izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 dk gksuk crk;k gSA izR;FkhZx.k dk dCtk fdlh Hkh Hkkx ij ugha gksuk crk;k gSA

¶100

26bl ekeys e s a izkFkhZx.k&vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls olh;r dks pSysat fd;k x;k gS vkSj caVokjs dk vuqrks"k pkgk x;k gSA ,slh voLFkk esa Co-sharer ds

[2023/RJJD/013407]

[CMA-626/2022]

(13 of 14)

vk/kkj ij vihykFkhZ ds constructive dCts ij fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA dsoy ek= bl vk/kkj ij fd HkkSfrd dCtk izkFkhZx.k&vihykFkhZx.k lkfcr ugha dj ik;k gS] izkFkhZx.k dk izkFkZuk i= [kkfjt ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

¶105

27bl ekeys esa fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n"Vkar Shravan Kumar Versus Dinesh, SB Civil Writ Petition 7253/2017 fu.kZ; fnukad 11-07-2017 ¿2018 ¼1½ lhMhvkj 327 ¼jktLFkku½À ds ekeys esa dksbZ nLrkosth lk{; caVokjk gksus ckcr~ ugha ikbZ xbZ Fkh] ml voLFkk esa ;FkkfLFkfr cuk, j[kus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj ml ekeys esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk vkfVZdy 227 ds rgr vkns'k esa gLr{ksi fd;k x;k Fkk] tcfd bl ekeys esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vkns'k flfoy fofo/k vihy ds :i esa pSysat fd;k x;k gS vkSj vk{ksfir vkns'k esa vkns'k ek= HkkSfrd dCtk lkfcr ugha gksus ds vk/kkj ij gh ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA vU; vk/kkjksa ij fopkj ugha fd;k x;k gSA ,slh voLFkk esa vkns'k ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n"Vkarksa ds ifjizs{; esa dCts ds laca/k esa iqu% fopkj ;ksX; gS vkSj vk{ksfir vkns'k fof/klEer~ ugha gksus ls vk{ksfir vkns'k esa gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gSA ,slh voLFkk esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vkns'k fujLr dj izdj.k dks iqu% i{kdkjku~ dh cgl lqudj fuLrkfjr djus ds fy, izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gSA

¶106

28tgka rd fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr dukZVd mPp U;k;ky; ds fuEufyf[kr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk iz'u gS]%&

¶107

Dundappa Fakkirappa Basapur Vs Mala @ Malini W/o Shivappa, RSA NO- 100578/2014 (PAR), Dated 16-02-2022.

¶108

Smt. Honnamma Vs Smt Puttathayamma, R.F.A. No. 2460/2006 (Dec.), Dated 23-03-2022. 3. Sri. V.S. Chikkaveera Vs. Sri. M.S. Shankaregowda, Writ Petition No. 12572/2016 (GM-CPC), Dated 06-01-2021.

¶109

Karegowda S/o Gurubasanagowda... Vs Gururaja S/o Dyavanagowda..., R.F.A. No. 842/2006, Dated 22-12-2020.

¶110

izdj.k v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkuk r; fd;k x;k gS] ,slh voLFkk esa bu U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ij foospu fd, tkus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA

¶111

(14 of 14) [CMA-626/2022]

¶112

[2023/RJJD/013407]

¶113

29vr% vihy vihykFkhZ vkaf'kd :i ls Lohdkj dh tkdj fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] fljksgh ds vk{ksfir vkns'k fnukad 02-03-2022 fujLr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dks ;g funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gS fd bl fu.kZ; esa of.kZr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dks ennsutj j[krs gq, i{kdkjku dh vksj ls izkFkZuk i= o tokc esa mBk, x, vU; fcUnqvksa ij Hkh fopkj dj fof/klEer~ vkns'k ikfjr djsaA i{kdkjku~ dks ikcan fd;k tkrk gS fd fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k fnukad 24-05-2023 dks mifLFkr gksaA

¶114

30bl vkns'k dh izfr ds lkFk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fjdkWMZ rqjar fHktok;k tk,A v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dks ;g Hkh vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd izdj.k dk tgka rd laHko gks 'kh?kz fuLrkj.k dk iz;kl fd;k tkosA

¶115

(YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT),J

¶116

Mayank/-

Kamla Devi v. Himmatram

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Kamla Devi v. Himmatram

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

What the court decided

A compact analysis

Issues for consideration

Cases cited

Statutes considered

Parties & counsel

Coram

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