Disposed¶44

Laxmidhar Sahoo v. State of Odisha

Pre-arrest bail – Section 482 BNSS (erstwhile Section 438 Cr.P.C.) – Concurrent jurisdiction of High Court and Sessions Court

Orissa HC23 Apr 2026ABLAPL/2155/2026

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What is this about?

ABLAPL No. 2155 of 2026; High Court of Orissa at Cuttack; Dr. Sanjeeb K Panigrahi; 23.04.2026; Laxmidhar Sahoo; pre-arrest bail; anticipatory bail; Section 482 BNSS; Section 438 CrPC; Section 483 BNSS; Section 439 CrPC; Section 397 CrPC; concurrent jurisdiction; exhaustion of remedy; approach Sessions Court first; interim protection three weeks; Mitu Das v. State of Odisha; Jagdeo Prasad v. State of Bihar; Rameschandra Kashiram Vora v. State of Gujarat; disposed.

What did the court decide?

Interim protection for three weeks to approach the Court of Sessions for seeking similar relief; the Court of Sessions to list the matter as early as possible before expiry of the three-week protection. ¶44

Laxmidhar Sahoo Vs State of Odisha — Anticipatory Bail | Orissa HC (2026)

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

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Issue for consideration

Whether a petition under Section 482 of the BNSS for pre-arrest bail is maintainable before the High Court without first exhausting the remedy under that provision before the Court of Sessions, which has concurrent jurisdiction. +1 more

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Court's answer

Applicants seeking pre-arrest bail under Section 482 of the BNSS should ordinarily approach the Court of Sessions first and then the High Court, on the pattern applicable under Section 483 of the BNSS (erstwhile Section 439 Cr.P.C.).

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Ratio / Principle

Where concurrent jurisdiction is provided under the statute in two courts, one superior to the other, it is appropriate that the party should apply to the subordinate Court first and then seek remedy in the High Court.

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Key takeaways

Given the workload of the High Courts, direct filings of this nature contribute to heavy pendency of cases; the Sessions Court being nearer and accessible should be approached first.ratio¶37
The Petitioners were granted interim protection for three weeks to approach the Court of Sessions for similar relief, and the Court of Sessions was directed to list the matter before expiry of that three-week protection.ratio¶43

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

Pre-arrest bail - Section 482 BNSS (erstwhile Section 438 Cr.P.C.) - Concurrent jurisdiction of High Court and Sessions Court - Exhaustion of remedy. Considering an ABLAPL by petitioners apprehending arrest on a police complaint, the Orissa High Court (Dr. Sanjeeb K Panigrahi, J.) held that ordinarily an application under Section 482 BNSS should first be made to the Court of Sessions, which has concurrent jurisdiction, and only thereafter to the High Court, as in the case of Section 483 BNSS (erstwhile Section 439 Cr.P.C.). Relying on its earlier decision in Mitu Das v. State of Odisha (ABLAPL No.5283 of 2021), the Supreme Court's observations in Jagdeo Prasad v. State of Bihar (2020 SCC OnLine SC 2108) and the Gujarat High Court's ruling in Rameschandra Kashiram Vora v. State of Gujarat (MANU/GJ/0088/1986), the Court reasoned that where concurrent jurisdiction exists the subordinate court should be approached first; that the Sessions Court is nearer and accessible; and that direct High Court filings contribute to heavy pendency, whereas a prior reasoned order of the Sessions Court enables the High Court to dispose of the matter with expedition. The petitioners were granted interim protection for three weeks to approach the Court of Sessions, and the ABLAPL was disposed of.

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF ORISSA AT CUTTACK

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ABLAPL No. 2155 of 2026

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Laxmidhar Sahoo & Ors.

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..…... Petitioner(s)

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Mr. Byomakesh Tripathy, Adv.

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-Versus-

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State of Odisha ……. Opposite Party(s)

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Mr. Sonak Mishra, ASC

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CORAM:

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DR. JUSTICE SANJEEB K PANIGRAHI

ORDER

23.04.2026

Order No.

This matter is taken up through hybrid arrangement.

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Heard learned counsel for the Petitioners and learned counsel for the State.

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The Petitioners apprehending that they are likely to be arrested on the complaint made by the police, have filed this petition under Section 482 of the BNSS for release on pre-arrest bail.

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Signature Not Verified

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Without going into the merits of the present petition filed by the Petitioners under Section 482 of the BNSS (erstwhile Section 438 of the Cr.P.C.) seeking direction for pre-arrest bail, this Court is to observe first that whether the petition under Section 482 of the BNSS is maintainable before this Court without exhausting remedy under the said provision before the Court of Sessions which has concurrent jurisdiction.

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Digitally Signed Signed by: LITARAM MURMU Designation: P.A. Reason: Authentication Location: OHC Date: 27-Apr-2026 19:36:18

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This Court has earlier decided the similar issue in the case of Mitu Das and others v. State of Odisha¹ observing that ordinarily, in case of petition under Section 482 of the BNSS, the remedy before the Court of Sessions ought to be exhausted before invoking the jurisdiction of the High Court.

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The Supreme Court in the case of Jagdeo Prasad v. State of Bihar and Ors.² has categorically held as follows:

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“ 6 . However, before parting, we do wish to express our sincere concern with the haste at which the High Court has dealt with this matter. While the scheme of Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (now Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023) provides concurrent jurisdiction to the High Court and Sessions Court for entertaining applications for anticipatory bail, this Court has time and again observed that High Court should always encourage exhausting an alternative/concurrent remedy before directly interfering itself. This approach balances the interests of all the stakeholders, first by giving the aggrieved party a round of challenge before the High Court. Second, this approach provides the High Court an opportunity to assess the judicial perspective so applied by the Sessions Court, in concurrent jurisdiction, instead of independently applying its mind from the first go. Further, the High Court fails to record any reason for directly granting anticipatory bail without impleading the appellant-complainant as a party.

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7 . Having regard to the abovementioned facts and circumstances of the case, the serious nature of the allegations

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Sig nature Not Verified

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Digitally SignedSigned by: LITARAM MURMU1 vide order dated 26.04.2021 passed in ABLAPL No.5283 of 2021 Designation: P.A.Reason: Authentication2 2020 SCC OnLine SC 2108 Location: OHC Date: 27-Apr-2026 19:36:18

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against accused respondents and the gravity of the offences alleged, we are of the view that the High Court was not justified in passing the impugned order granting anticipatory bail to the accused respondents .”

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In the case of Rameschandra Kashiram Vora & Ors. v. State of Gujarat & Ors.³ , wherein the High Court of Gujarat held as follows:

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“ 10 …….I am in respectful agreement with the ratio of these two cases. I am of the opinion that it would be a sound exercise of judicial discretion not to entertain each and every application for anticipatory bail directly bypassing the Court of Session. Ordinarily, the Sessions Court is nearer to the accused and easily accessible and remedy of anticipatory bail is same and under same section and there is no reason to believe that Sessions Court will not act according to law and pass appropriate orders. In a given case, if any accused is grieved, his further remedy to approach the High Court is not barred and he may prefer a substantive application for anticipatory bail under Section 438 or revision application under Section 397 of the Cr. P. C. to the High Court and the High Court would have the benefit of the reasons given by the Sessions Court. It would be only in exceptional cases or special circumstances that the High Court may entertain such an application directly and these exceptional and" special circumstances must really be exceptional and should have valid and cogent reasons for by passing the Sessions Court and approaching the High Court…….”

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Signature Not Verified

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Digitally Signed Signed by: LITARAM MURMU Designation: P.A.Reason: Authentication3 MANU/GJ/0088/1986 Location: OHC Date: 27-Apr-2026 19:36:18

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In view of the above discussion, the applicant should approach the Sessions Court first then to the High Court like that is adopted in Section 483 of the BNSS (erstwhile Section 439 of the Cr.P.C.) The reasons for approaching the Court of Sessions first may be due to the following:

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i) Whenever concurrent jurisdiction is provided under the statute simultaneously in two courts of which one is superior to the other, then it is appropriate that the party should apply to the subordinate Court first, then he/she may seek his/her remedy in the High Court;

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ii) The Sessions Court will always be nearer and accessible court to the parties. Moreover, considering the work load of the High Courts in the country and the cases of this nature are nothing but contributing to heavy pendency of cases. The applications under Section 483 of the BNSS (erstwhile Section 439 of the Cr.P.C.) often fail to get the required attention because of the docket arising out of such applications filed under Section 482 of the BNSS (Section 438 of the Cr.P.C.) directly in the High Court by passing the Courts of Sessions;

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iii) The grant of anticipatory bail or regular bail requires appreciation, scrutiny of facts and perusal of the entire materials on record. In this context, if the Sessions Court has already applied its mind and passed the appropriate order, it

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Signature Not Verified

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Digitally Signed Signed by: LITARAM MURMU Designation: P.A. Reason: Authentication Location: OHC Date: 27-Apr-2026 19:36:18

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would be easy for the High Court to look into or have a cursory glance of the observation made by the Sessions Court and dispose of the case with expedition.

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In view of the above, the Petitioners are granted interim protection for a period of three weeks to approach the Court of Sessions for seeking similar relief and the Court of Sessions shall list this matter as early as possible before the expiry of three weeks of protection granted to the Petitioners.

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In view of the above observation and direction, the ABLAPL is disposed of.

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( Dr. Sanjeeb K Panigrahi) Judge

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Murmu

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Signature Not Verified

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Digitally Signed Signed by: LITARAM MURMU Designation: P.A. Reason: Authentication Location: OHC Date: 27-Apr-2026 19:36:18

Laxmidhar Sahoo v. State of Odisha

Case brief

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Laxmidhar Sahoo v. State of Odisha

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