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Navamani.P v. the Sessions Judge

Service Law – Promotion

Madras HC18 Dec 2025WP(MD)/7494/2021

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Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Keywords: promotion; same scale of pay; higher class/category/grade; Rule 2(12) Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Service Rules; Rule 5 classes and categories; Fundamental Rule 22-B; one increment on promotion; pay refixation; recovery from salary; audit objection; court staff posts (Senior Bailiff, Reader, Junior Assistant, Sheristadar, Grade I Bench Clerk); writ of certiorarified mandamus; Article 226; Madurai Bench of Madras High Court; Sessions Judge Fast Track Mahila Court Srivilliputhur.

What did the court decide?

Writ petition allowed; impugned refixation-and-recovery order and the consequential Order No.1 set aside; matter remitted to the respondent to pass a fresh order in the light of the court's directions; no costs; connected miscellaneous petitions closed. ¶91

Navamani.P Vs the Sessions Judge — Writ and Judicial Review | Madras HC (2025)

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

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Issue for consideration

Whether the petitioner's appointment from the post of Senior Bailiff to the post of Reader, and her appointment as Junior Assistant from the post of Reader - posts carrying the same scale of pay - can be called promotions under the Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Service Rules.

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Court's answer

Appointment of the petitioner to the post of Reader (Class IV) from the post of Senior Bailiff (Class V) is a promotion under Rule 2(12) of the Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Service Rules, since promotion means appointment to a higher class, category or grade; the increment granted on such promotion was rightly awarded.

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Ratio / Principle

Even though the posts of Junior Assistant and Reader are both in Class IV, the post of Junior Assistant is in Category 5 whereas the post of Reader is in Category 6; posting the petitioner to the higher category as Junior Assistant from the post of Reader is also an act of promotion.

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Key takeaways

The post of Head Clerk Sub-Court is in Category 3 of Class IV whereas the post of Sheristadar Sub-Court is in Category 2 of Class IV; posting the petitioner as Sheristadar from Head Clerk (category 3 to category 2) was also an act of promotion.ratio¶76
Under Fundamental Rule 22-B, the award of one increment on promotion to a post carrying higher duties and responsibilities was in order; the Reader post carries higher responsibility than Senior Bailiff, and Junior Assistant carries higher duties and responsibilities than Reader.ratio¶90

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

Service Law - Promotion - Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Service Rules, Rule 2(12) defines promotion as appointment of a member of any class, category or grade to a higher class, category or grade - Movement from Senior Bailiff (Class V) to Reader (Class IV, Category 6) and from Reader to Junior Assistant (Category 5) are promotions notwithstanding that the posts carry the same scale of pay - Posting as Sheristadar Sub-Court (Category 2) from Head Clerk Sub-Court (Category 3), both Class IV, is likewise a promotion - Fundamental Rule 22-B mandates fixation with one increment on promotion to a post carrying duties and responsibilities of greater importance - Audit objection treating such movements as non-promotions and the resulting refixation-cum-recovery order are unsustainable - Impugned orders set aside; matter remitted to the respondent (Sessions Judge, Fast Track Mahila Court, Srivilliputhur) for fresh orders.

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W.P(MD) No.7494 of 2021

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BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT

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Date : 18.12.2025

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CORAM

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THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE G.R.SWAMINATHAN AND THE HONOURABLE MRS.JUSTICE R.KALAIMATHI

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W.P(MD) No.7494 of 2021 & M.P.(MD)Nos.5672 & 5674 of 2021

P.Navamani

... Petitioner

Vs.

The Sessions Judge, Fast Track Mahila Court, Srivilliputhur, Virudhunagar District. ... Respondent

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PRAYER: Writ Petition filed Article 226 of the Constitution of India, praying this Court to issue a Writ of Certiorarified Mandamus, to call for the records pertaining to the impugned order passed by the respondent dated 03.09.2020 and the consequent order in Order No.1, dated 23.09.2020 and quash the same and direct the respondent to refund the amount already recovered from the petitioner's salary from September 2020 onwards.

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https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

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For Petitioner : Mr.R.V.Rajkumar For Respondent : Mr.D.Venkatesh

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W.P(MD) No.7494 of 2021

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ORDER

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(Order of the Court was made by G.R.SWAMINATHAN, J.)

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Heard both sides.

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2.The writ petitioner is a court staff. She challenges the impugned

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order passed by the respondent refixing her pay and directing recovery.

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3.The writ petitioner joined the Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Service as Senior Bailiff on 31.05.1993. She was appointed as reader on 01.01.1997. She was then posted as Junior Assistant on 30.06.1998. The petitioner was then promoted as Sub-Court Sheristadar on 29.05.2017. On 09.04.2018, she became Grade I Bench Clerk. While so, the audit wing of the High Court raised an objection that since the post of senior bailiff, reader and junior assistant were in the same scale of pay, posting the writ petitioner as reader and then as Junior Assistant should not have been construed as promotion and therefore, increment should not have

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https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

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been awarded. It was in that view of the matter, re-fixation and recovery was ordered. On the same lines, the audit wing took the view that posting the writ petitioner as Sheristadar and then as Grade I Bench Clerk should also not have been treated as promotion.

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4.The only question that calls for consideration is whether the

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appointment of the petitioner from the post of Senior Bailiff to the post of Reader and her appointment as Junior Assistant from the post of Reader can be called as promotion.

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5.It is not in dispute that the post of Senior Bailiff, Reader and Junior Assistant were and are in the same scale of pay and therefore, the stand of the employer is that posting the petitioner as Reader and then as Junior Assistant should not have been treated as acts of promotion. We have to see whether this stand of the employer is sustainable.

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Our attention is drawn to Rule 2(12) of the Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Service Rules which defines promotion. It reads as follows:-

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https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

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W.P(MD) No.7494 of 2021

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“Promotion:-

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Promotion means the appointment of a member of any class, category or grade of the service to a higher class, category or grade of the service.”

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Rule 5 states that the Service shall consist of five Classes and

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categories of officers. Class IV & V which deals with the Constitution of ministerial Courts reads as follows:-

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CLASS-IV (MOFUSSIL COURTS)

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Sarishtadars of District Courts and

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Chief Judicial Magistrate's Courts.

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Sarishtadars of Subordinate Judge's Courts.

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Head Clerks of the District Courts, Central Nazirs.

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Head Clerks of the Chief Judicial Magistrate's Courts

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Head Clerks of the Subordinate Judge's Courts

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Superintendents of Labour Courts,

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Madurai and Coimbatore (inserted SROB 81/98)

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Heard Clerks of the Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrates Courts

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Head Clerks of the District Munsif Courts

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Record Keepers of the District Courts

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https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

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W.P(MD) No.7494 of 2021

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Senior Superintendent of Copyists

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Deputy Nazirs

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Translators.

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Record Keeper, Subordinate Judge's Court.

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Ootacamund

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First Clerk, District Court, Coimbatore

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One Bench Clerk in each of the District Courts and Subordinate

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Judge's Courts

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Assistants

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Junior Assistants

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Assistant Nazirs

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Junior Superintendent of Copyists

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Typists and Steno-Typists

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6.Assistant Superintendent of Copyists

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Examiners

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Readers

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Class -V (Mofussil Courts)

Senior Bailiff

Copyists

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8.The petitioner was posted as reader on 01.01.1997. She was

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earlier holding the post of Senior Bailiff. The post of Senior Bailiff is in Class V, whereas the post of Reader is in Class IV. Promotion is advancement in rank or grade or both. As per the definition set out in Rule 2(12) of the Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Rules, appointment to a higher class or category is promotion. Therefore, appointing the petitioner to the post of Reader which is in Class IV from the post of Senior Bailiff which is in Class 5 is a promotion. Increment was rightly granted on such promotion. Likewise, even though the post of Junior Assistant and the post of Reader are in Class IV, the post of Junior Assistant is in Category 5 whereas the post of Reader is in Category 6. Therefore, posting the writ petitioner to a higher category as Junior Assistant from the post of Reader is also an act of promotion.

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9.The post of Head Clerk Sub-Court is in Category 3 of Class IV whereas the post of Sheristadar Sub-Court is in Category 2 of Class IV. Therefore, posting the writ petitioner as Sheristadar from the post of Head Clerk ie., from category 3 to category 2 was also an act of promotion.

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10.The audit wing as well as the employer failed to take into

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account the definition of the term “promotion” found in Rule 2(12) of the Tamil Nadu Judicial Ministerial Service Rules.

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11.There is another way of looking at the issue. Fundamental Rule

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22 B reads as follows:-

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“F.R.22-B. Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, where a Government servant holding a post in a substantive or officiating capacity, is promoted or appointed in a substantive or officiating capacity, to another post carrying duties and responsibilities of greater importance than those attached to the post held by him, his initial pay in the level of the higher post in the pay matrix shall be fixed by granting one increment in pay in the level of the lower post and he shall be placed at a cell equal to the pay so arrived at in the level of the higher post in the pay matrix of the higher post, and if no such cell is available in the level of the higher post to which he is promoted, the initial pay shall be fixed at next higher cell in the level of the higher post. However, if the pay so arrived at in the level in the lower post after granting one increment is lower than the minimum pay or the first cell in the level of the higher post, the initial pay shall be fixed at minimum pay or the first cell of the level of higher post....]”

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It is not in dispute that the post of Reader, Senior Bailiff and Junior

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Assistant are not endowed with the same duties and responsibilities. A person holding a post of reader has to discharge higher responsibility compared to that of a Senior Bailiff. A person holding the post of Junior Assistant has to discharge higher duties and responsibilities compared to the one holding the post of reader.

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12.Thus, even in view of the Fundamental Rule 22 B, the award of one increment on grant of promotion to a post carrying higher duties and responsibilities was in order. This aspect was also not taken note of by the audit wing and the respondent herein. The impugned order is set aside on these twin grounds. The matter is remitted to the file of the respondent to pass an order afresh in the light of the directions and the law laid down in this order.

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13.The writ petition is allowed accordingly. No costs. Consequently, connected miscellaneous petitions are closed.

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(G.R.S., J.) (R.K.M., J.) 18.12.2025

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rmi/SKM

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