Partly allowed

Kannammal v. Manikandan

Madras HC11 Jul 2024SA(MD)/12/2024

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Second appeal regarding possession of property under a Will creating life interests. The court modified the appellate decree, holding parties must not disturb each other's possession and must respect the condition in the Will to coexist harmoniously.

What did the court decide?

The judgment and decree of the first appellate court modified to permit respondent's possession of the first floor and appellant's of the ground floor under the Will's conditions.

Kannammal Vs Manikandan — Succession and Inheritance | Madras HC (2024)

¶1

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶2

BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT

¶3

Dated: 11/07/2024

¶4

CORAM

¶5

The Hon'ble Mr.Justice G.ILANGOVAN

¶6

SA(MD)No.12 of 2024 and CMP(MD)Nos.2580 and 7646 of 2024

¶7

Kannammal : Appellant/Respondent/

¶8

Defendant

¶9

Vs.

¶10

Manikandan : Respondent/Appellant/

¶11

Plaintiff

¶12

PRAYER: Second Appeal is filed under Section 100 of the Civil Procedure Code, to set aside the judgment and decree passed in AS No.11 of 2022 on the file of the Sub Court, Theni, dated 17/08/2023 reversing the judgment and decree passed in OS No.62 of 2020 on the file of the District Munsif, Theni, dated 01/03/2022.

¶13

For Appellant : Mr.R.Suriyanarayanan

¶14

For Respondent : Mr.G.Kannan

¶15

JUDGMENT

¶16

This second appeal is filed seeking to set aside the

¶17

judgment and decree passed in AS No.11 of 2022 by the file of the Sub Court, Theni, dated 17/08/2023 reversing the judgment and decree passed in OS No.62 of 2020 on the file of the District Munsif, Theni, dated 01/03/2022.

¶18

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶19

1/19

¶20

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶21

The plaint averments :-

¶22

The suit property belongs to one Rajathi @ Rajathiammal. She executed a registered Will on

¶23

05/09/2005 in favour of her brother's children namely the plaintiff and the defendant. She died on 08/03/2006. The

¶24

Will came into effect and as per the Will, the plaint schedule property belongs to the plaintiff and the ground floor belongs to the defendant. They are in separate possession of their respective properties. In the Will, in page No.4 it is stated that the ground side in the ground floor belongs to the defendant. In the same page,

¶25

it is also stated that the upper floor belongs to the plaintiff. A suit in OS No.136 of 2013 was filed by the defendant as plaintiff in respect of the ground floor and the suit property, for permanent injunction. But that was withdrawn by the defendant. Later, the defendant started demanding the sale of suit property in her favour. But the plaintiff refused. Now she is making attempt to interfere into possession. So the suit is laid for permanent injunction and for costs.

¶26

3.The defendant filed a written statement stating

¶27

that the Will, dated 05/09/2005 is admitted. The death of Rajathiammal is also admitted. But the title of the properties as mentioned by the plaintiff is disputed.

¶28

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶29

2/19

¶30

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶31

Originally, the property belongs to one Rajathiammal and

¶32

her sister Kanniammal. Kanniammal was spinster, who executed relinquishment in favour of the Rajathiammal. So Rajathiammal became the absolute owner of the properties. During the time of illness of Rajathiammal and Kanniammal, the defendant was taking care of them. So, Rajathiammal executed the Will bequeathing the entire property in her favour. But the plaintiff made trouble and threatened Rajathiammal. So because of that only Rajathiammal executed a Will bequeathing the upstairs portion to the plaintiff. But in the very same page, she made a condition that both the plaintiff and the

¶33

defendant must enjoy the property without creating any problem with each other and if not, the defendant must pay Rs.50,000/- to the plaintiff and the plaintiff must be removed from the ownership and the defendant and her children are entitled for the entire properties.

¶34

4.After the death of the Rajathiammal, the plaintiff

¶35

never in possession of the property. The defendant is in enjoyment and possession of the suit property on the ground floor. She is living in the ground floor and in the upstairs portion her maternal Aunt by name Kanniammal is staying there. Because of the continuous trouble made the defendant, he paid Rs.50,000/- in the presence of

¶36

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶37

3/19

¶38

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶39

Panchayatars and after receiving the money, he removed himself from the ownership. After that upstairs portion is in the enjoyment of the defendant by letting out and mortgaging the properties.

¶40

5.The suit filed in OS No.136 of 2013 was withdrawn at the instance of the Panchayatars, since the plaintiff undertook that the he will not make any trouble to the defendant. So, it was allowed to be dismissed for default.

¶41

6.On the basis of the pleadings, the trial Court formulated the following issues:-

¶42

“(1)Whether the plaintiff is in possession and enjoyment of the suit property?

¶43

released his right over suit property on 17/03/2009?

¶44

maintainable without declaration of title?

¶45

(4)Whether the plaintiff is entitled to the relief of perpetual injunction against the defendant as he prayed for?

¶46

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶47

4/19

¶48

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶49

(5)To what other reliefs plaintiff

¶50

is entitled?”

¶51

7.To substantiate the contention on the part of the plaintiff, one witness examined and marked 6 documents on his side. On the side of the defendant, two witnesses examined and seven documents marked.

¶52

8.At the end of the trial process, the trial court dismissed the suit without any costs.

¶53

9.Against which, A.S No.11 of 2022 was preferred by the plaintiff before the Sub Court, Theni. The appellate Court allowed the appeal and decreed the suit as prayed for with costs.

¶54

10.Against the reversal findings of the first appellate Court, this second appeal has been preferred by the plaintiff.

¶55

11.Heard both sides.

¶56

12.At the time of admission, the following substantial questions of law were framed.

¶57

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶58

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶59

(1)Whether the plaintiff is in possession and enjoyment of suit property?

¶60

(2)Whether the plaintiff has released his right over the suit property on 17/03/2009?

¶61

(3)Whether this suit is

¶62

maintainable without declaration of title?

¶63

(4)Whether the plaintiff is

¶64

entitled to the relief of perpetual injunction against defendant as he prayed for?

¶65

(5)To what other reliefs plaintiff is entitled?

¶66

13.Before we go into the disputed issue, let us straightaway go to the recitals in the Will, dated 05/09/2005 under Ex.A1. The relevant portion is extracted in vernacular language.

¶67

“ehd; capUldpUf;Fk; tiu gpd;fz;l vd; brhj;ij ehd; mDgtpjJk;> ehd; ,we;j gpd;dh;> vd; jk;gp kfs; fz;zk;khSk;> vd; jk;gp kfd; kzpfz;lDk;> vt;tpj xj;jp> tpw;fpuak; nghd;w ge;j guhjPdk; bra;ahky;> thliff;F tpl;nlh> my;yJ

¶68

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶69

6/19

¶70

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶71

nehpy; FoapUe;J mDgtpj;Jf; bfhs;sntzoaJ fPH;fz;l brhj;jpy;> jiug;nghh;rd; kidia kl;Lk; vd; jk;gp kfSk; njtuhI; kidtpa[khd fz;zk;khs; vd;gth; mile;J bfhz;Lk; : nkw;go kidapd; nky;kho nghh;rd; kidia kl;Lk; vd; jk;gp kfDk; nkw;go fz;zk;khspd; rnfhjuDkhd kzpfz;ld; vd;gtd; mile;J bfhz;Lk; fPH;fz;l brhj;jpy; FoePh; FHha;> byl;hPd;> khog;gof;fl;L> bkhl;ilkho Mfpatw;iw nkw;go fz;zk;khSk; kzpfz;lDk; bghJtpy; itj;J mDgtpj;Jk; nkw;go brhj;jpy; jw;rkak; cs;s kpd ,izg;ig nkw;go fz;zk;khs; itj;J bfhz;L nkykhog; nghh;rDf;F jdp kpd; ,izg;ig fz;zk;khSk; kzpfz;lDk; nrh;e;J bghJtpy; brytHpj;J thq;fpf; bfhs;sntz;Lbkd;Wk;> fPH;fz;l brhj;jpy; mf;fht[k; jk;gpa[khd nkw;brhd;d ,UtUk; mth;fSila filrp fhyk;tiu xw;Wika[ld; ,Ue;J mDgtpj;Jf; bfhz;L> gpd;dh; nkw;brhd;d fz;zk;khSk; kzpfz;ld; ,Uth;fSila thhpRfSk; rh;tRje;jpukha; rfyghj;jpaq;fSld; Mz;lDgtpj;Jf; bfhs;sntz;oaJ. ”

¶72

14.The recital make the right of the parties here.

¶73

Only life interest is created in favour of the plaintiff and the defendant and not the absolute right. Subject to the life interest only, they can enjoy the property till

¶74

their life time without making any encumbrances, sale, etc. But against the recital, now it appears that the

¶75

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶76

7/19

¶77

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶78

parties are entering into the issue. One suit was filed by the defendant against the plaintiff in OS No.136 of 2013. Later, it was withdrawn.

¶79

15.According to the appellant namely the defendant,

¶80

the suit filed was withdrawn when a promise was made by the plaintiff that he will not make any trouble and disturbance to her. But this is disputed by the plaintiff. We need not concentrate much on that point. Suffice to say that only life interest is created in favour of the parties.

¶81

16.Not only that, another condition was imposed upon them. The vernacular language of the relevant portion is extracted hereunder:-

¶82

“vd; Ma[s; fhyj;Jf;F gpd;dhy; mt;thW nkw;go ,UtUk; nkw;brhd;d gpufhuk; fPH;fz;l brhj;ij xw;Wika[ld; ,Ue;J mDgtpf;f jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; nkw;go fz;zk;khs; mtspd; jk;gpahd nkw;go kzpfz;lDf;F U:gha; 50>000/Ik;gjhapuj;ij rpy

¶83

kj;jpa];jh;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; bfhLj;J nkw;go kzpfz;lid fPH;fz;l brhj;jpypUe;J tpyf;fp tpl;L fz;zk;khSk; mtUila thhpRfSk; fPH;fz;l brhj;ij mDgtpj;Jf;bfhs;s ntz;oaJ.

¶84

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶85

8/19

¶86

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶87

17.The right conferred upon the defendant namely the appellant herein to exercise the right of preemption. Though it cannot be called as 'preemption' in strict sense, they can claim the right of getting the release by paying amount in the presence of some mediators.

¶88

18.Reading of the Will also clarify the position.

¶89

The stage on which this right of claiming the release by payment of money can be exercised by the appellant. The relevant vernacular portion is extracted hereunder for better appreciation.

¶90

“mjw;fhf nkw;go fz;zk;khs; nkw;go kzpfz;ldplk; rz;il rr;rut[fs; vJk; nghlky;> kdr;rhl;rpf;F

¶91

tpnuhjkpy;yhky; ,UtUk;

¶92

xw;Wika[ld; ,Ue;J fPH;fz;l brhj;ij bghJtpy; mDgtpj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;oaJ vdt[k;> nkw;go kzpfz;lDf;F jpUkzk; eilbgw;W mth; jd; kidtp kf;fSld; fPH;fz;l brhj;jpy; FoapUe;J

¶93

tuntz;oabjdt[k;> fz;zk;khs; vd;gts; nkw;go bjhifia bfhLj;J kzpfz;lid tpyf;f epidj;J ntz;Lbkd;nw rz;il rr;ruit Vw;gLj;jf;Tlhbjdt[k;.

¶94

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶95

9/19

¶96

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶97

19.Reading of this portion makes the position clear that both should not enter into the issue against their conscience. Conscience is the deciding factor to resolve the issue. Now, it appears that both are disowning their responsibility and entering into the issue.

¶98

20.During the course of argument, the learned

¶99

counsel appearing for the respondent has submitted that after the marriage of Manikandan, issue arose between the wife of Manikandan and the defendant. Because of that only, trouble has arisen between them. Now whatever, it may be, it is the out of the court issue.

¶100

21.It is a case of the appellant that in view of the trouble created by the plaintiff, she exercised the option of claiming release by paying Rs.50,000/- in the presence of some mediators. But absolutely, there is no evidence to show the same. It was not even shown before the trial court as well as the appellate court. The non payment of Rs.50,000/- and the release can also be clarified or confirmed by way of subsequent develop.

¶101

22.The respondent filed CMP(MD)No.7646 of 2024 under Order 41 Rule 27 CPC seeking permission of this court to produce the additional evidence.

¶102

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶103

10/19

¶104

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶105

23.It is a notice issued by the appellant to the respondent herein during the pendency of the proceedings, on 02/02/2004 stating that she got a right of preemption. That right of claiming release on payment of Rs.50,000/-. Even though she already paid the amount, she is also ready to pay another sum of Rs.50,000/- and the respondent must release his right in the upstairs portion. So, this clarifies and confirms the findings of the trial court that no such release actually took place between the parties.

¶106

24.More-over, regarding the release, it can be

¶107

effected by way of a registered document. Because the amount is fixed at Rs.50,000/-, that oral release is not permissible under law. The appellant cannot claim the oral release against the statute. Now, she has to work out her remedy through proper steps either by way of exercising the right in the presence of the mediators or as per law, if so advised.

¶108

25.The finding of the fact recorded by the trial court and the appellate court and this court will not stand in the way of exercising the right by the appellant, but subject to the conditions imposed in the Will.

¶109

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶110

11/19

¶111

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶112

26.As mentioned above, the guiding factor is the conscience of the parties. Who made trouble may be out of place. Here, it make a decision on that issue, since it may create unnecessary prejudice to the parties if the proceedings or steps are taken by the appellant by exercising the right. So, I consciously avoiding the issue.

¶113

27.Now coming back to the issue, as stated above,

¶114

the appellant was given right in the ground floor. The respondent is in the first floor. Now, it has been brought to the notice of this court that the second and third portions were constructed by the appellant. But the respondent would submit that he has also contributed money towards it. Absolutely, there is no issue and evidence on record. So we need not discuss about this matter. We will concentrate in the ground floor and first floor.

¶115

28.In the light of the above said discussion, we will go to the argument advanced by both sides.

¶116

29.The learned counsel appearing for the appellant would submit that the plaint has been drafted as if absolute right is conferred upon the plaintiff. Only

¶117

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶118

12/19

¶119

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶120

possession is now under issue. Even as per the admission

¶121

made by the plaintiff, he is not staying in the suit property, but due to the job nature he is working in Chennai. The tenants are in possession and so constructive possession was pleaded by the plaintiff; When the plaintiff is not in possession of the property and that too when the title is under dispute, the finding recorded by the trial court is corrected; But the reversal has been rendered by the appellate court without taking into all these factual issues. In the circumstances of the case, the respondent ought to have filed the suit for recovery of possession; granting of injunction when the plaintiff is not in possession per se illegal.

¶122

30.Per contra, the learned counsel appearing for the respondent would submit that when the Will is not disputed and the confirmation of right is not disputed, question of claiming declaratory relief does not arise.

¶123

31.During the course of the hearing, some other development also brought to the notice of this court. According to the appellant, the respondent was removed from the possession, taking advantage of the appellate court decree, the respondent locked the first floor and

¶124

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶125

13/19

¶126

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶127

shifted to some other floor and the appellant is in the third floor. Taking into account the factual circumstances, an interim order was passed by this court by order, dated 18/01/2024, which reads as under:-

¶128

“4.The appellant claims that she is

¶129

in possession of the property both in the ground floor and in the first floor. However, the respondent claims that he is in possession of of the property in the first floor. Therefor, this Court is of the considered opinion that the appellant and the respondent shall not interfere in each other's possession until the disposal of this second appeal. To make it clear, the appellant shall be in possession of the ground floor and the respondent shall be in possession of the first floor. Neither of the parties should disturb each other's possession. This interim order will not influence the Court while passing the final judgment.”

¶130

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis 14/19

¶131

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶132

32.In-spite of that, the interim order was not complied. So, another CMP(MD)No.2580 of 2024 was filed by the appellant herein to comply the above said order.

¶133

33.In the affidavit, it has been stated by the appellant that in the ground floor, there is a tenant.

¶134

The respondent trespassed into the third floor, which was in her possession and occupation. In view of the above

¶135

said only, interim order was passed. She is also ready to

¶136

vacate the tenant in the first floor, so that the respondent may occupy the first floor. So, direction was sought to the respondent herein to occupy the first floor. But in the notice, dated 02/02/2024, she has

¶137

admitted that she is in occupation of the third floor. So, it is seen that the third floor is in his occupation.

¶138

When there is a definite stand taken by the appellant that the respondent may occupy the first floor, then his right to occupy the same cannot be now agitated.

¶139

34.Even at the time of hearing, via media was suggested between the parties, but that was not accepted by both of them.

¶140

35.The spirt of the Will must be given proper respect and enforced. The Will of the executor is that

¶141

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶142

15/19

¶143

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶144

both must live in harmony with each other. The appellant should not evict the respondent herein against her conscience as stated above. Similarly, it is the duty cast upon the respondent herein to maintain peace and harmony with the appellant and if it is not carried on, then causality of loosing the right over the property hangs upon the respondent. The respondent also duty bound to respect the spirit of the Will. The respondent has no right to disturb the possession of the appellant in the ground floor. To whom the second and third floor, it will beyond the scope of the suit and it is a matter for consideration or a compromise between the parties. As stated above, both sides should not interfere into the other possession and enjoyment.

¶145

36.The plaint description of the property also misleading. The plaint has been filed as if the entire buildings starting from the ground floor upto fourth floor is in the occupation and the possession of the respondent. But it is admitted by the respondent himself that the entire property was not in his possession. So, the appellate court also did not properly appreciate this issue, granted decree entirety, which caused problem now as stated by the appellant. If at all, the respondent is entitled for permanent injunction only in respect of the

¶146

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶147

16/19

¶148

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶149

first floor. In this context, as stated above, the factum of the possession also to be considered.

¶150

37.No doubt that there is no documentary or oral evidence to show that the plaintiff is in possession in any one of the floors, but when the right has been given and it is also recognized by the appellant by way of filing CMP(MD)No.7646 of 2023, it is not proper on the part of the appellant to say now that the respondent has no right to occupy the first floor. It is the duty of the appellant to permit the respondent herein to occupy the first floor. Equally, it is the duty of the respondent

¶151

to permit the appellant to occupy the ground floor. Possession may be physical or constructive. Changing of revenue records will not confer any absolute possessory

¶152

right in favour of the appellant. In fact, in the Will, it has been stated that in respect of the first floor, both must take and spend money for getting service connection, etc.

¶153

38.In the light of the above said, I am of the considered view that the possession of the appellant should not be construed as a trespasser. Accordingly, all the substantial questions of law are answered.

¶154

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶155

17/19

¶156

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

¶157

39.In view of the above said discussion, the judgment of the appellate court requires modification. Accordingly, it is modified in the following terms.

¶158

40 . In the result, this second appeal is partly

¶159

allowed. The judgment and decree of the first appellate court is modified to the effect that the appellant should not interfere into the respondent's possession and enjoyment of the first floor of the suit property otherwise than under the right conferred upon her in the Will, dated 05/09/2005. No costs. Consequently, connected Miscellaneous Petitions are closed.

¶160

11/07/2024

¶161

Index:Yes/No Internet:Yes/No er

¶162

To,

¶163

1.The Sub Judge, Theni.

¶164

2.The District Munsif, Theni.

¶165

3.The Section Officer, VR/ER Section, Madurai Bench of Madras High Court, Madurai.

¶166

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

18/19

SA(MD)No.12 of 2021

G.ILANGOVAN, J

SA(MD)No.12 of 2024

¶172

11/07/2024

¶173

https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

¶174

19/19

Kannammal v. Manikandan

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Kannammal v. Manikandan

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

What the court decided

A compact analysis

Issues for consideration

Parties & counsel

Coram

Case details

Similar cases

Karuppanan Vs Dharmalingam

Iffco Tokio General Insurance Company Ltd., Vs P.Dharmar

A.Megala Vs M.Kowsar Nisha

M/s.K.a.M.Mines and Minerals Vs Ashish Rawat

M.Jeyapandiyan Vs K.Kumarakrishnan

M.Meena Vs Abdul Rahman