The Madurai Bench disposed of a Civil Revision Petition challenging Domestic Violence proceedings. The court held the petition lacked merit regarding jurisdiction and manifest injustice, directing the petitioners to seek remedies within the trial court itself.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
C.R.P.(MD)No.747 of 2024
BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
Date of Reserved : 25/03/2024
Date of Pronounced : 04/04/2024
CORAM
The Hon'ble Mr.Justice G.ILANGOVAN
C.R.P(MD)No.747 of 2024
and
CMP(MD)Nos.3969 and 3971 of 2024
1.Sheik Mohammed Ali
2.S.M.Mohammed Masthan
3.S.M.Ganeeyar Thasin Petitioners/Respondents 1,2 & 5
Vs.
its natural guardian) : Respondents/Complainants
PRAYER: -Civil Revision Petition has been filed under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, to set aside the proceedings in D.V.C No.9 of 2024 on the file of the Judicial Magistrate Court No.V, Tirunelveli in so far as the petitioners herein are concerned.
For Petitioners : Mr.S.Sivaprakash
O R D E R
This civil revision petition has been filed seeking
to set aside the proceedings in D.V.C No.9 of 2024 on the file of the Judicial Magistrate Court No.V, Tirunelveli in so far as the petitioners herein are concerned.
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2.Heard the learned counsel appearing for the
petitioners.
3.Let me extract the relevant portion of the
judgment reported in the case of Arul Danial Vs. Suganya (2022(3)MWN (CR.)539(FB) :-
“7.The Division Bench, in P.Ganesan, supra, has categorically and correctly restated the legal position, in two places that the proceedings under the D.V. Act are civil in nature. For the sake of convenience, we are extracting those portions from P. Ganesan, supra.
“15 (o) To sum up: (i) As we have already held that the proceedings under the Domestic Violence Act are civil in
nature.............
16 (c) We have already held that the proceedings under Chapter IV of the Domestic Violence Act are civil in nature..........”
8.We concur with the above view of Anand Venkatesh, J., as affirmed by the Division Bench in P.Ganesan, supra.
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However, after saying so, the Division Bench, in P.Ganesan, supra, found itself in disagreement with the opinion of Anand Venkatesh, J. that a petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C. to quash a D.V. proceedings is not maintainable and has given a contrary opinion which is as under:
“N.Anand Venkatesh, J. held that the Magistrate while adjudicating Civil rights cannot be called Criminal Court. We do not agree with this view of the learned Judge, firstly because the Parliament intended to deliberately confer Jurisdiction on the Criminal Court. An appeal is also provided to the Court of Sessions and not to the District Judge. Secondly, the learned Judge relied upon a number of cases to hold that where the Magistrate is conferred power to grant reliefs of Civil nature he cannot be called to a ‘Criminal Court’. We find that in all the Judgments referred by the learned Judge, the Courts have held that the Magistrate was not a Court when he was exercising Ministerial/Administrative functions and not a criminal Court when he was following the procedure stipulated under the Special Act which gave his power
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and not under Cr.P.C.. Therefore, in our view those Judgments cannot be relied upon to hold that the Magistrate is not a criminal Court while dealing with an Application under 12 of the Domestic Violence Act. Just as we found that the nature of reliefs would determine the character of the proceedings we find that the nature of the procedure adopted would determine the character of the Tribunal. There is no doubt that the Magistrate dealing with proceedings under Domestic Violence Act is a Criminal Court who has to follow the procedure under Cr.P.C., exception being provided under Section 28
(2) of the Act.” (emphasis supplied)
9.From a reading of the aforesaid, we are able to infer that albeit the fact that D.V. proceedings initiated on an application under Section 12 are civil proceedings, the Magistrate is nonetheless a Criminal Court as the procedure he is required to follow is one under the Code of Criminal Procedure. To put it more precisely, according to the Division Bench, it is not the substantive law, but the procedural law that determines the
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character of the Court of the Magistrate. This is where, in our considered opinion, with due respect, the Division Bench appears to have fallen in error.”
4.Similarly regarding the appearance of the parties
before the trial court, para (iv) may be extracted herein:-
“iv.Personal appearance of the respondent(s) shall not be ordinarily insisted upon, if the parties are effectively represented through a counsel. Form VII of the D.V. Rules, 2006, makes it clear that the parties can appear before the Magistrate either in person or through a duly authorized counsel. In all cases, the personal appearance of relatives and other third parties to the domestic relationship shall be insisted only upon compelling reasons being shown. (See Siladitya Basak v. State of West Bengal (2009 SCC OnLine Cal 1903)”
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5.In view of the above said directions, the parties are at liberty to approach the concerned trial court itself for dispensing their appearance, of course with the above said limitation.
6.In the light of the above said statement of law, now we will go to the another aspect.
7.As stated in the Full Court Judgement, even though, petition under section 482 of Cr.P.C will not lie, Article 227 of the Constitution of India can be invoked on a specific plea and circumstances.
8.Let me extract the relevant portion:-
“xiv.A petition under Article 227 of the Constitution may still be maintainable if it is shown that the
proceedings before the Magistrate suffer from a patent lack of jurisdiction. The
jurisdiction under Article 227 is one of superintendence and is visitorial in
nature and will not be exercised unless
there exists a clear jurisdictional error and that manifest or substantial
injustice would be caused if the power
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is not exercised in favour of the petitioner. (See Abdul Razak v Mangesh Rajaram Wagle (2010) 2 SCC 432, Virudhunagar Hindu Nadargal Dharma Paribalana Sabai v Tuticorin Educational Society (2019) 9 SCC 538). In normal circumstances, the power under Article 227 will not be exercised, as a measure of self-imposed restriction, in view of the corrective mechanism available to the aggrieved parties before the Magistrate, and then by way of an appeal under Section 29 of the Act.”
9.In the light of the statement of law, it is submitted that now this civil revision petition has been filed by the petitioners.
10.Now we shall examine as to whether the petitioners satisfied the requirement of law namely;-
(i)whether the cognizance taken by the Judicial Magistrate is illegal, because of the patent lack of jurisdiction;
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(ii)Whether there is any error in jurisdiction;
and
(iii)Whether there is any manifest or substantial injustice.
11.Now what is meant by jurisdictional error has also been elaborately discussed in the judgment. Let me extract the relevant portions:-
“25.At this juncture, it is
necessary to notice that the word
“jurisdiction” relates to the power of the Court to decide a class or classes of cases. The import of the expression has been considered by the Supreme Court
in Nusli Neville Wadia Vs. Ivory Properties, 2020(6)SCC 557 , wherein, it
was observed as under:-
“The word “jurisdiction” is derived
from Latin words “juris” and “dico”,
meaning “I speak by the law” and does
not relate to rights of parties as between each other but to the power of the court. Jurisdiction relates to a
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class of cases to which a particular case belongs. Jurisdiction is the authority by which a judicial officer takes cognizance and decides the cases. It only presupposes the existence of a duly constituted court having control over subject-matter which comes within classification limits of the law under which court has been established. It should have control over the parties' litigant, control over the parties' territory, it may also relate to pecuniary as well as the nature of the class of cases. Jurisdiction is
generally understood as the authority to decide, render a judgment, inquire into the facts, to apply the law, and to pronounce a judgment. When there is the want of general power to act, the court has no jurisdiction. When the court has the power to inquire into the facts, apply the law, render binding judgment, and enforce it, the court has jurisdiction. Judgment within a jurisdiction has to be immune from
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collateral attack on the ground of nullity. It has co-relation with the constitutional and statutory power of tribunal or court to hear and determine. It means the power or capacity fundamentally to entertain, hear, and determine.” (emphasis supplied)
26.In view of the above, the power
of the Magistrate to entertain and decide an Application under Section 12 and grant one or more reliefs under the D.V. Act is an aspect of his jurisdiction. It is settled law that jurisdiction is an issue that belongs to the realm of substantive law. Procedural law, on the other hand, prescribes the mode and manner in which such jurisdiction is to be exercised. A character of the Court is an essential aspect of its substantive jurisdiction, and would depend on the nature or subject matter of the case before it.
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12.So absolutely, the petitioners cannot say that there is inherent lack of jurisdiction in view of the above said statement of law.
13.Now we will examine as to whether the other
ingredients are attracted namely whether there is any manifest or substantial injustice occasioned to the petitioners.
14.In the light of the above said ingredients, we will examine the factual aspects to answer this point.
The marriage between the 1st petitioner and the 1st respondent took place, on 27/01/2005 as per their religious customary rites. After the marriage, they were living in a joint family in North Dharka Street. Later, the 1st petitioner and the 1st respondent arranged another
house and went there. Three childrens were born to them.
The husband started a Jigarthanda business and money was raised by the wife by selling her jewels. Later, the business established in various places at the cost of the 1st respondent's jewels. Later, the husband started ill-
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treating, harassing and assaulting her and the childrens.
The husband was having illicit intimacy with his employee. Later, he started saying that he is going to marry that employee. When that was questioned, she was assaulted and abused. She was admitted in the hospital. Now, she is living separately along with the childrens. The husband is not taking proper care even for the childrens' welfare. Later, the other respondents in the original petition started making arrangement to perform second marriage to the husband. A complaint was given before the Melapalayam Police Station. In enquiry, the husband promised to take proper care of the family. But in spite of that, he is not taking proper care.
16.This civil revision petition is filed by the
petitioners, who are the respondents 1, 2 and 5 in the original petition stating that even as per the allegations made in the complaint, these petitioners were not living along with the complainant and her husband.
They never shared any household. So, they are unnecessary parties to the complaint. Only bald allegations are made against them. The complainant never behaved as a dutiful wife to the husband. Even the advise made by them to the complainant to go to the matrimonial home, did not take effectively.
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17.So the next question, which arises for consideration is whether the grievance expressed by the petitioners will cause or have occasioned manifest injustice.
18.What is meant by manifest injustice is a term, which is not defined in terms anywhere. We will fall back the definition 'manifest injustice ' made in Black's Law Dictionary runs like this:-
“ manifest injustice .A direct, obvious,
and observable error in a trial court, such as a defendant's guilty plea that is involuntary or is based on a plea agreement that the prosecution has rescinded.”
19.In the light of the above said definition, when
we examine the factual aspects, as mentioned above, now again, it is a clear answer and remedy suggested to the people like the petitioners in the light of the decision rendered in Dr.P.Pathmanathan Vs. Monica [(2021(2)CTC 57]. So the petitioners can very well redress their grievance before the trial court itself by filing
appropriate application for deletion as the case may be.
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20.Similarly for the request of dispensing with the personal appearance, the Co-ordinate Bench of this court in Velumani and another Vs. Pavithra and another (CRP(MD)No.2568 of 2023, dated 10/10/2023) has observed like this.
“12.Regarding the petitioner's prayer for dispensing with their personal appearance, it is necessary to refer the following direction in Arul Daniel's case above referred.
“76....
iv.Personal appearance of the respondent(s) shall not be ordinarily insisted upon, if the parties are effectively represented through a
counsel. From VII of the D.V Rules, 2006, makes it clear that the parties can appear before the Magistrate either in person or through a duly authorized counsel. In all cases, the personal appearance of relatives and other third parties to the domestic relationship shall be insisted only upon compelling reasons being shown. (See Siladitya Basak V. State of West Bengal (2009 SCC OnLine Cal 1903)”.
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21.The same may be followed by the petitioners as well as the trial court.
22.So this civil revision petition deserves no consideration at all, of course with the above said liberty.
23.With the above said liberty, this civil revision petition stands disposed of without touching upon the merits of the matter. No costs. Consequently connected Miscellaneous Petitions are closed.
04/04/2024
Index:Yes/No Internet:Yes/No er
To,
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C.R.P.(MD)No.747 of 2024
G.ILANGOVAN, J
er
C.R.P(MD)No.747 of 2024
04/04/2024
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3 issues framed by the court
Whether a Civil Revision Petition under Article 227 of the Constitution is maintainable to set aside proceedings in a Domestic Violence case due to alleged lack of jurisdiction or manifest injustice.
Whether the petitioners are unnecessary parties in the Domestic Violence complaint.
Whether the grievance of the petitioners warrants intervention by the High Court or can be redressed within the trial court.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Arul Danial Vs. SuganyaExplained¶31
Arul Danial Vs. Suganya (2022(3)MWN (CR.)539(FB))
Nusli Neville Wadia Vs. Ivory PropertiesExplained¶85
Nusli Neville Wadia Vs. Ivory Properties, 2020(6)SCC 557 · Who else cites this
Dr.P.Pathmanathan Vs. MonicaFollowed¶129
Dr.P.Pathmanathan Vs. Monica [(2021(2)CTC 57)
Velumani and another Vs. Pavithra and anotherFollowed¶134
Velumani and another Vs. Pavithra and another (CRP(MD)No.2568 of 2023)
Sheik Mohammed Ali
S.M.Mohammed Masthan
Mohamed Bath
S.M.Ganeeyar Thasin
G.ILANGOVAN
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
