Writ petition challenging Labour Court order quashing defective domestic enquiry at Trivandrum Club. High Court held the preliminary award did not exhibit perversity or failure of justice and thus refused interference.
Writ petitions disposed of; petitioner reserved right to challenge preliminary order along with final order.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021 & connected cases
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT
THEHONOURABLEMR.JUSTICERAJAVIJAYARAGHAVANV
TUESDAY,THE14THDAYOFMARCH2023/23RDPHALGUNA,1944
WP(C) NO. 82 OF 2021
PETITIONER/S:
TRIVANDRUMCLUB,
VAZHUTHACAUD,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,PIN695010
REPRESENTEDBYITSHONOURARYSECRETARYTOSANTHOSH
KUMAR
BYADVS.
P.RAMAKRISHNAN
SMT.PREETHIRAMAKRISHNAN(P-212)
SRI.T.C.KRISHNA
SRI.C.ANILKUMAR
SMT.ASHAK.SHENOY
SRI.PRATAPABRAHAMVARGHESE
RESPONDENT/S:
1G.CHANDRAKUMAR,
POOVANVILAKATHUMADAM,INDUSTRIALESTATEP.O,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM695019
2LABOURCOURT,
KOLLAM,PIN691013
BYADVS.
SRI.GOPAKUMARR.THALIYAL
SRI.M.S.VIJAYACHANDRAABABU
SMTDEEPAV,GP
THISWRITPETITION(CIVIL)HAVINGCOMEUPFORADMISSION
ON14.03.2023,ALONGWITHWP(C).155/2021ANDCONNECTEDCASES,
THECOURTONTHESAMEDAYDELIVEREDTHEFOLLOWING:
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021
& connected cases
2
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT
THEHONOURABLEMR.JUSTICERAJAVIJAYARAGHAVANV
TUESDAY,THE14THDAYOFMARCH2023/23RDPHALGUNA,1944
WP(C) NO. 155 OF 2021
PETITIONER/S:
TRIVANDRUMCLUB
VAZHUTHACAUD,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,PIN-695010,
REPRESENTEDBYITSHONORARYSECRETARYD.SANTHOSH
KUMAR.
BYADVS.
P.RAMAKRISHNAN
SMT.PREETHIRAMAKRISHNAN(P-212)
SRI.C.ANILKUMAR
SMT.ASHAK.SHENOY
SRI.PRATAPABRAHAMVARGHESE
RESPONDENT/S:
1T.MADHU,
TC8/1796,LEKSHMINAGAR,TIRUMALAPO,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695006.
2LABOURCOURT,
KOLLAM,PIN-691013.
BYADVS.
SRI.GOPAKUMARR.THALIYAL
SRI.M.S.VIJAYACHANDRAABABU
SMT.MABLECKURIAN,SRGP
THISWRITPETITION(CIVIL)HAVINGCOMEUPFORADMISSION
ON14.03.2023,ALONGWITHWP(C).82/2021ANDCONNECTEDCASES,
THECOURTONTHESAMEDAYDELIVEREDTHEFOLLOWING:
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021 & connected cases
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V TUESDAY, THE 14TH DAY OF MARCH 2023 / 23RD PHALGUNA, 1944
WP(C) NO. 509 OF 2021
PETITIONER/S:
TRIVANDRUMCLUB,VAZHUTHACAUD
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,PIN-695010,REPRESENTEDBYITS
HONORARYSECRETARYD.SANTHOSHKUMAR.
BYADVS.
P.RAMAKRISHNAN
SMT.PREETHIRAMAKRISHNAN(P-212)
SRI.T.C.KRISHNA
SRI.C.ANILKUMAR
SMT.ASHAK.SHENOY
SRI.PRATAPABRAHAMVARGHESE
RESPONDENT/S:
1VISHNUM,
KAVUVILAKEEZHEVEEDU,OOKODU,NEMOM,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695020
2LABOURCOURT,
KOLLAM,PIN-691013
BYADVS.
SRI.GOPAKUMARR.THALIYAL
SRI.M.S.VIJAYACHANDRAABABU
SMT.MABLECKURIAN,SRGP
THISWRITPETITION(CIVIL)HAVINGCOMEUPFORADMISSION
ON14.03.2023,ALONGWITHWP(C).82/2021ANDCONNECTEDCASES,
THECOURTONTHESAMEDAYDELIVEREDTHEFOLLOWING:
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021 & connected cases
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V TUESDAY, THE 14TH DAY OF MARCH 2023 / 23RD PHALGUNA, 1944
WP(C) NO. 496 OF 2021
PETITIONER/S:
TRIVANDRUMCLUB
VAZHUTHACAUD,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,PIN-695010,
REPRESENTEDBYITSHONORARYSECRETARYD.SANTHOSH
KUMAR.
BYADVS.
P.RAMAKRISHNAN
SMT.PREETHIRAMAKRISHNAN(P-212)
SRI.T.C.KRISHNA
SRI.C.ANILKUMAR
SMT.ASHAK.SHENOY
SRI.PRATAPABRAHAMVARGHESE
RESPONDENT/S:
1RAJUP.
SALOMNIVAS,ARA40,KUNNAPPUZHA,ARAMADAP.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695032.
2LABOURCOURT
KOLLAM,PIN-691013.
BYADVS.
SRI.GOPAKUMARR.THALIYAL
SRI.M.S.VIJAYACHANDRAABABU
SMT.DEEPAV,GP
THISWRITPETITION(CIVIL)HAVINGCOMEUPFORADMISSION
ON14.03.2023,ALONGWITHWP(C).82/2021ANDCONNECTEDCASES,
THECOURTONTHESAMEDAYDELIVEREDTHEFOLLOWING:
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021 & connected cases
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V TUESDAY, THE 14TH DAY OF MARCH 2023 / 23RD PHALGUNA, 1944
WP(C) NO. 497 OF 2021
PETITIONER/S:
TRIVANDRUMCLUB
VAZHUTHACAUD,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,PIN695010,
REP.BYITSHONORARYSECRETARYD.SANTHOSHKUMAR
BYADVS.
P.RAMAKRISHNAN
SMT.PREETHIRAMAKRISHNAN(P-212)
SRI.T.C.KRISHNA
SRI.C.ANILKUMAR
SMT.ASHAK.SHENOY
SRI.PRATAPABRAHAMVARGHESE
RESPONDENT/S:
1TOMYJOSEPH
KANAKANIVAS,TC17/561,PRA180,CHADIYARA,
POOJAPPURAPO,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM695012
2LABOURCOURT
KOLLAM,PIN691013
BYADVS.
SRI.GOPAKUMARR.THALIYAL
SRI.M.S.VIJAYACHANDRAABABU
SMT.MABLECKURIAN,SRGP
THISWRITPETITION(CIVIL)HAVINGCOMEUPFORADMISSION
ON14.03.2023,ALONGWITHWP(C).82/2021ANDCONNECTEDCASES,
THECOURTONTHESAMEDAYDELIVEREDTHEFOLLOWING:
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021 & connected cases
6
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V TUESDAY, THE 14TH DAY OF MARCH 2023 / 23RD PHALGUNA, 1944
WP(C) NO. 489 OF 2021
PETITIONER/S:
TRIVANDRUMCLUB
VAZHUCAUD,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,PIN-695010.
REPRESENTEDBYITSHONORARYSECRETARYDSANTHOSH
KUMAR.
BYADVS.
P.RAMAKRISHNAN
SRI.T.C.KRISHNA
SRI.C.ANILKUMAR
SMT.ASHAK.SHENOY
SRI.PRATAPABRAHAMVARGHESE
SMT.PREETHIRAMAKRISHNAN(P-212)
RESPONDENT/S:
1S.BINU
BSBHAVAN,THENNOOR,VELAYANI,NEMOMPO,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695020.
2 LABOUR COURT KOLLAM, PIN-691013.BYADVS.
SRI.GOPAKUMARR.THALIYAL
SRI.M.S.VIJAYACHANDRAABABU
SMT.MABLECKURIAN,SRGP
THISWRITPETITION(CIVIL)HAVINGCOMEUPFORADMISSION
ON14.03.2023,ALONGWITHWP(C).82/2021ANDCONNECTEDCASES,
THECOURTONTHESAMEDAYDELIVEREDTHEFOLLOWING:
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021 & connected cases
7
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V TUESDAY, THE 14TH DAY OF MARCH 2023 / 23RD PHALGUNA, 1944
WP(C)NO.285OF2021
PETITIONER/S:
TRIVANDRUMCLUB
VAZHUTHACAUD,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,PIN695010,
REP.BYITSHONORARYSECRETARYD.SANTHOSHKUMAR
BYADVS.
P.RAMAKRISHNAN
SMT.PREETHIRAMAKRISHNAN(P-212)
SRI.T.C.KRISHNA
SRI.C.ANILKUMAR
SMT.ASHAK.SHENOY
SRI.PRATAPABRAHAMVARGHESE
RESPONDENT/S:
1KUMARIMRIDULA
THEKKEVILAVEEDU,TC-17/386,CHADIYARA,
POOJAPPURAPO,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695012
2LABOURCOURT
KOLLAM,PIN691013
BYADVS.
SRI.GOPAKUMARR.THALIYAL
SRI.M.S.VIJAYACHANDRAABABU
SMT.MABLECKURIAN,SRGP
THISWRITPETITION(CIVIL)HAVINGCOMEUPFORADMISSION
ON14.03.2023,ALONGWITHWP(C).82/2021ANDCONNECTEDCASES,
THECOURTONTHESAMEDAYDELIVEREDTHEFOLLOWING:
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021 & connected cases
8
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V TUESDAY, THE 14TH DAY OF MARCH 2023 / 23RD PHALGUNA, 1944
WP(C) NO. 318 OF 2021
PETITIONER/S:
TRIVANDRUMCLUB
VAZHUTHACAUD,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,PIN-695010,
REPRESENTEDBYITSHONORARYSECRETARYDSANTHODH
KUMAR.
BYADVS.
P.RAMAKRISHNAN
SMT.PREETHIRAMAKRISHNAN(P-212)
SRI.T.C.KRISHNA
SRI.C.ANILKUMAR
SMT.ASHAK.SHENOY
SRI.PRATAPABRAHAMVARGHESE
RESPONDENT/S:
1R.PRADEEPKUMAR
MOLANAN,TC6/1256,MARUTHAMKUZHI,
KANJIRAMPARAPO,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695030.
2 LABOUR COURT KOLLAM, PIN-691013.BYADVS.
SRI.GOPAKUMARR.THALIYAL
SRI.M.S.VIJAYACHANDRAABABU
SMT.DEEPAV,GP
THISWRITPETITION(CIVIL)HAVINGCOMEUPFORADMISSION
ON14.03.2023,ALONGWITHWP(C).82/2021ANDCONNECTEDCASES,
THECOURTONTHESAMEDAYDELIVEREDTHEFOLLOWING:
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021 & connected cases
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JUDGMENT
[WP(C) Nos.82/2021, 155/2021, 509/2021, 496/2021, 497/2021, 489/2021, 285/2021 & 318/2021]
The petitioner herein is a society registered under the Travancore Cochin Literary and Scientific Charitable Societies Act, 1955. All these writ petitions have been preferred challenging the common order dated 19.11.2020 passed by the Labour Court, Kollam, by which the Labour Court, after holding that the domestic enquiry conducted against the workmen was defective, perverse and without evidence, quashed the enquiry proceedings.
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021 & connected cases
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came to the conclusion that the enquiry officer, instead of conducting enquiry into the 12 charges levelled against the workmen and without arriving at a finding separately, failed to answer each issue framed by him separately. It was held that the 12 charges were converted into issues to the prejudice of the workers and the enquiry was found to be pre-planned for targeting the workers. It was also held that the available evidence was not sufficient to arrive at a conclusion that workers were guilty of the charges levelled. After considering the entire matters and the irregular manner in which the enquiry was conducted and the charges answered, the Labour Court came to the conclusion that the enquiry was arbitrary and defective. After setting aside the enquiry report, the management was granted an opportunity to prove the charges against the workers.
appearing for the petitioner and the learned counsel appearing for the workers.
Sree Krishna Swami Devaswom Trust v. State of Kerala1 had
1 [2022 (4) KLT 90]
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021 & connected cases
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lamented that the writ petitions challenging the preliminary orders passed by the Labour Court continued to be entertained by this Court leading to avoidable procrastination of the main proceedings before the Court/Tribunal. It was observed that parties who challenge the preliminary orders ought to be relegated to the Labour Court for the culmination of proceedings before that Court with the liberty to challenge the preliminary order if required along with the final award.
officer to conduct an enquiry into the charges of 8 individual workers. The
Labour Court has concluded that though it is the privilege of the enquiry
W.P.(C) No.82 of 2021
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officer to frame charges for the sake of convenience, it would not be proper for him to deviate from the charges already framed in the charge sheet. It was also found that the enquiry officer has reduced the number of charges for the sake of convenience. He omitted to answer each issue that was framed by him separately and the same has resulted in failure of justice. It was in the said circumstances that the Labour Court had concluded that the findings of the enquiry officer were perverse and without proper appreciation of evidence.
In that view of the matter, I am not inclined to interfere with the preliminary order passed by the Labour Court, which is impugned in this writ petition. Reserving the right of the petitioner to challenge the preliminary order along with the final order as observed in Chelamattom (supra), this writ petition is disposed of.
Sd/-
RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V, JUDGE
IAP
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APPENDIX OF WP(C) 155/2021
PETITIONER(S)EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT P1 |
TRUE COPY OF CHARGE MEMO DATED12.12.2016 SERVED ON THE 1ST RESPONDENT. |
|---|---|
EXHIBIT P2 |
TRUE COPY OF REPLY DATED 15.12.2016SUBMITTED BY THE 1ST RESPONDENT. |
EXHIBIT P3 |
TRUE COPY OF ENQUIRY REPORT DATED11.2.2017 SUBMITTED BY THE ENQUIRYOFFICER AND THE ENQUIRY PROCEEDINGSATTACHED THERETO. |
EXHIBIT P4 |
TRUE COPY OF APPLICATION DATED 18.5.2017SUBMITTED BY THE 1ST RESPONDENT BEFORETHE 2ND RESPONDENT AS ID NO.35 OF 2017. |
EXHIBIT P5 |
TRUE COPY OF COMMON AWARD DATED19.11.2020 IN ID NO.35/2017 ANDCONNECTED DISPUTES PASSED BY THE 2NDRESPONDENT. |
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APPENDIX OF WP(C) 509/2021
PETITIONER(S)EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT P1 |
TRUE COPY OF CHARGE MEMO DATED12.12.2016 SERVED ON THE 1ST RESPONDENT. |
|---|---|
EXHIBIT P2 |
TRUE COPY OF REPLY DATED 13.12.2016SUBMITTED BY THE 1ST RESPONDENT. |
EXHIBIT P3 |
TRUE COPY OF ENQUIRY REPORT DATED11.2.2017 SUBMITTED BY THE ENQUIRYOFFICER AND THE ENQUIRY PROCEEDINGSATTACHED THERETO. |
EXHIBIT P4 |
TRUE COPY OF THE APPLICATION DATED22.5.2017 SUBMITTED BY THE 1STRESPONDENT BEFORE THE 2ND RESPONDENT ASID NO.42 OF 2017. |
EXHIBIT P5 |
TRUE COPY OF COMMON AWARD DATED19.11.2020 IN ID NO.42/2017 ANDCONNECTED DISPUTES PASSED BY THE 2NDRESPONDENT. |
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APPENDIX OF WP(C) 496/2021
PETITIONER(S)EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT |
P1 |
TRUE COPY OF CHARGE MEMO DATED12.12.2016 SERVED ON THE 1ST RESPONDENT. |
|---|---|---|
EXHIBIT |
P2 |
TRUE COPY OF REPLY DATED NIL SUBMITTEDBY THE 1ST RESPONDENT. |
EXHIBIT |
P3 |
TRUE COPY OF ENQUIRY REPORT DATED11.02.2017 SUBMITTED BY THE ENQUIRYOFFICER AND THE ENQUIRY PROCEEDINGSATTACHED THERETO. |
EXHIBIT |
P4 |
TRUE COPY OF APPLICATION DATED22.05.2017 SUBMITTED BY THE 1STRESPONDENT BEFORE THE 2ND RESPONDENT ASID NO.43 OF 2017. |
EXHIBIT |
P5 |
TRUE COPY OF COMMON AWARD DATED19.11.2020 IN ID NO.43/2017 ANDCONNECTED DISPUTES PASSED BY THE 2NDRESPONDENT. |
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APPENDIX OF WP(C) 497/2021
PETITIONER(S)EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT P1 |
TRUE COPY OF CHARGE MEMO DATED12/12/2016 SERVED ON THE 1ST RESPONDENT |
|---|---|
EXHIBIT P2 |
TRUE COPY OF REPLY DATED 15/12/2016SUBMITTED BY THE 1ST RESPONDENT |
EXHIBIT P3 |
TRUE COPY OF THE ENQUIRY REPORT DATED11/2/2017 SUBMITTED BY THE ENQUIRYOFFICER AND THE ENQUIRY PROCEEDINGSATTACHED THERETO |
EXHIBIT P4 |
TRUE COPY OF APPLICATION DATED 9/5/2017SUBMITTED BY THE 1ST RESPONDENT BEFORETHE 2ND RESPONDENT AS ID NO.38 OF 2017 |
EXHIBIT P5 |
TRUE COPY OF COMMON AWARD DATED19.11.2020 IN ID NO.38/2017 ANDCONNECTED DISPUTES PASSED BY THE 2NDRESPONDENT |
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APPENDIX OF WP(C) 489/2021
PETITIONER(S)EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT P1 |
TRUE COPY OF CHARGE MEMO DATED12/12/2016 SERVED ON THE 1ST RESPONDENT. |
|---|---|
EXHIBIT P2 |
TRUE COPY OF REPLY DATED 13/12/2016SUBMITTED BY THE 1ST RESPONDENT. |
EXHIBIT P3 |
TRUE COPY OF ENQUIRY REPORT DATED11/02/2017 SUBMITTED BY THE ENQUIRYOFFICER AND THE ENQUIRY PROCEEDINGSATTACHED THERETO. |
EXHIBIT P4 |
TRUE COPY OF APPLICATION DATED22/05/2017 SUBMITTED BY THE 1STRESPONDENT BEFORE THE 2ND RESPONDENT ASID NO.41 OF 2017. |
EXHIBIT P5 |
TRUE COPY OF COMMON AWARD DATED19/11/2020 IN ID NO.41/2017 ANDCONNECTED DISPUTES PASSED BY THE 2NDRESPONDENT. |
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APPENDIX OF WP(C) 285/2021
PETITIONER(S)EXHIBITS
EXHIBITP1TRUECOPYOFTHECHARGEMEMODATED
12.12.2016SERVEDONTHE1STRESPONDENT
EXHIBITP2TRUECOPYOFREPLYDATED12.12.2016
SUBMITTEDBYTHE1STRESPONDENT
EXHIBITP3TRUECOPYOFENQUIRYREPORTDATED
11/2/2017SUBMITTEDBYTHEENQUIRY
OFFICERANDTHEENQUIRYPROCEEDINGS
ATTACHEDTHERETO
EXHIBITP4TRUECOPYOFAPPLICATIONDATED
12-05-2017SUBMITTEDBYTHE1ST
RESPONDENTBEFORETHE2NDRESPONDENTAS
IDNO.36OF2017.
EXHIBITP5THECOPYOFTHECOMMONAWARDDATED
19-11-2020INIDNo.36/2017AND
CONNECTEDDISPUTESPASSEDBYTHE2ND
RESPONDENT.
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APPENDIX OF WP(C) 318/2021
PETITIONER(S)EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT P1 |
TRUE COPY OF CHARGE MEMO DATED12/12/2016 SERVED ON THE 1ST RESPONDENT. |
|---|---|
EXHIBIT P2 |
TRUE COPY OF REPLY DATED NIL SUBMITTEDBY THE 1ST RESPONDENT, |
EXHIBIT P3 |
TRUE COPY OF ENQUIRY REPORT DATED11/2/2017 SUBMITTED BY THE ENQUIRYOFFICE AND THE ENQIRY PROCEEDINGSATTACHED THERETO. |
EXHIBIT P4 |
TRUE COPY OF APPLICATION DATED 9/5/2017SUBMITTED BY THE 1ST RESPONDENT BEFORETHE 2ND RESPONDENT AS ID NO.37 OF 2017. |
EXHIBIT P5 |
TRUE COPY OF COMMON AWARD DATED19/11/2020 IN ID NO.34/2017 ANDCONNECTED DISPUTES PASSED BY THE 2NDRESPONDENT. |
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APPENDIX OF WP(C) 82/2021
PETITIONER(S)EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT P1 |
TRUE COPY OF CHARGE MEMO DATED12-12-2016 SERVED ON THE 1ST RESPONDENT |
|---|---|
EXHIBIT P2 |
TRUE COPY OF REPLY DATED 15-12-2016SUBMITTED BY THE 1ST RESPONDENT |
EXHIBIT P3 |
TRUE COPY OF ENQUIRY REPORT DATED11-2-2017 SUBMITTED BY THE ENQUIRYOFFICER AND THE ENQUIRY PROCEEDINGSATTACHED THERETO |
EXHIBIT P4 |
TRUE COPY OF APPLICATION DATED19-05-2017 SUBMITTED BY THE 1STRESPONDENT BEFORE THE 2ND RESPONDENT ASID NO.37 OF 2017 |
EXHIBIT P5 |
TRUE COPY OF COMMON AWARD DATED19-11-2020 IN ID NO.38/2017 ANDCONNECTED DISPUTES PASSED BY THE 2NDRESPONDENT |
3 issues framed by the court
Whether the High Court should interfere with the Labour Court's preliminary order setting aside the domestic enquiry report.
Whether the common order passed by the Labour Court on 8 separate disputes warrants interference by the High Court.
Whether the enquiry officer's failure to answer each issue framed separately constitutes perversity or evident failure of justice.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Chelamattom Sree Krishna Swami Devaswom Trust v. State of KeralaReferred¶107
Chelamattom Sree Krishna Swami Devaswom Trust v. State of Kerala
[2022 (4) KLT 90]Referred¶109
St. Thomas Missions Hospital v. State of Kerala and anotherExplained¶113
St. Thomas Missions Hospital v. State of Kerala and another
[2007 (2) KLT 415]Explained¶113
TRIVANDRUM CLUB
G.CHANDRAKUMAR
LABOUR COURT
T.MADHU
VISHNUM
RAJUP
RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V
Parties & counsel