The High Court of Karnataka disposed of a writ petition filed by students seeking to quash online examination notices and stay exams due to regulatory violations and pandemic concerns. The Court permitted the one-time shift to online exams as a necessity and stayed the matter regarding public interest litigation status.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
DATED THIS THE 31ST DAY OF AUGUST 2020
PRESENT
THE HON’BLE MRS. JUSTICE B.V. NAGARATHNA
AND
THE HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE RAVI V. HOSMANI
WRIT PETITION No. 9283 OF 2020 (EDN-RES)
BETWEEN :
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Agriculture College, G.K.V.K Bengaluru – 560 065 R/a Power House Road, Door No.H-19, Somwarpet, Kodagu District – 571 236.
AND :
University of Agricultural Sciences, Represented by its Registrar, G.K.V.K Bangalore – 560 065. …Respondent
(By Sri. R. Srinivasa Gowda, Advocate) (Through Video Conference)
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This Writ Petition is filed under Article 226 of The Constitution of India, praying to (I) Declare that the proceedings of the online meeting under the chairmanship of Vice Chancellor, UAS, Dharwad, with the Vice Chancellors, Directorate of Education, Registrars, Deans of Farm Universities of Karnataka held on 24.07.2020 as per Annexure – B and the Notification dated 27.07.2020 issued by Registrar of the Respondent university (Annexure-C) and instructions to the students dated 4.8.2020 issued by the Controller of Examinations of the respondent University (Annexure-D) as illegal, void and inoperative. (II) Consequently, forbear the respondent from holding online examinations in utter violation of Regulations 8 and 9 of University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, academic information and regulations governing Under-Graduate, Degree Programmes under Semester System 2018-19 and etc.
This Writ Petition coming on for Orders, this day, NAGARATHNA J., made the following:
ORDER
Petitioners are the students of the respondent-
University namely, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru. They have averred that they have filed this writ petition in public interest for and on behalf of the other students of the respondent-University seeking
the following prayers and interim prayer:
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“WHEREFORE, the petitioners most respectfully pray that this Hon’ble Court be pleased to:
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INTERIM PRAYER
The petitioners most respectfully pray, pending disposal of the above writ petition, that this Hon’ble Court be pleased to stay the conduct of online examinations for Undergraduate Degree and Diploma courses in B.Sc.(Agriculture), B.Sc(Agri Marketing) and B.Sc(Agri Engineering) of the respondent University pursuant to the Notification in No. R.AR/Final exams/UG /2020-21 dated 27.07.2020 issued by Registrar of the respondent University (Annexure–C) and also stay the Instructions to students dated 4.8.2020 issued by the Controller of Examinations of the respondent University (Annexure–D), in the interest of justice and equity.”
Prof. Ravivarma Kumar for Smt. Sharada Bai for the petitioners and learned counsel Sri. R. Srinivasa Gowda for the respondent-University and perused the material on record.
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conducted from 02nd September 2020 up to 18th September 2020. The entire mode and method of examination has been changed from what is found in the Regulations. No doubt, Corona virus COVID-19 pandemic is a factor which has to be taken into account while conducting the examination. But, the same would not be a reason to change the entire format of examination inasmuch as, in the place of offline or physical attendance of the students in the examination, only online examinations are being conducted. That the online examination would be contrary to and a departure from the usual method of conducting examination. This would be a hindrance to the students as, many students of the respondentUniversity hail from remote and rural areas. They may not have the technological acquaintance to appear in online examination. Further, the supply of electricity in the rural areas is very uncertain at the specific timings
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of the examinations. If there is non-supply of electricity, that particular student would not be enabled to appear in an online examination. In this regard, our attention was drawn to the Regulations of the respondent-University with particular reference to Regulations-7, 8 and 9. He contended that the total marks assigned for the offline examination is also not as per Regulation-8.7. Therefore, the very conduct of the examination is contrary to the Regulations. That the Academic Council which is a body entrusted with the responsibility of guiding all academic matters in the University has departed from the usual manner and method of holding the examination as per the Regulations and has decided to conduct online examinations, which is contrary to the Regulations.
Learned Senior Counsel, therefore contended that for the aforesaid reasons, this Court may entertain the writ petition which is filed on behalf of
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the entire student community of the respondentUniversity, which is going to be affected by the ensuing examination. Hence this Court may stay the examinations to be conducted from 02nd September 2020 onwards.
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attending the examinations owing to medical reasons. Also an opportunity is given to such students to make up, if their performance in the examination is not good. Such students can reappear in the examinations, when they have not scored well.
He further submitted that possibly as a one-time measure, the University may permit the students to be promoted to the next semester, even if they have not scored well on account of and owing to the reason of COVID-19 pandemic. He submitted that this arrangement is made only for the intermediate semester examination and not for final examination.
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positive. Thus, there are no rooms available in the hostel for the students. It is on account of that reason, that the respondent-University has, after due deliberation, decided to conduct the examinations online and as an exception to the normal method and format of examination. He submitted that students of the respondent-University who hail from various parts of the State cannot be asked to appear personally for the examination from 02nd September 2020 to 18th September 2020, as no hostel accommodation is provided to them and if they reside in various parts of the city during the period of examination, they would be exposed to more risk; rather it would be in the interest of the safety of the students that they attend the online examination as all safeguards for the students have been made by the University. Further, this Court may issue further safeguards or directions as a departure from the usual method and manner of
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holding the examination on account of COVID-19 pandemic.
He submitted that the students have already appeared in the online mock examination which was held and more than 90% have appeared and at the instance of these five petitioners, the schedule of the examination should not be interfered. He contended that shortly the Academic Year would commence i.e., from October 2020 and the students as well as the respondent-University would be in a position to commence the Academic Year on time provided there is no disruption of the schedule of the examination to be conducted for the students in the comfort of their homes.
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judicial notice of the nature of the current pandemic. Corona virus COVID-19 is such that it necessitates not only wearing of a mask but also social distancing, use of sanitizers and such other precautions while in congregation. If, on the other hand, a person or a student is by himself or herself, wearing of the mask is not necessitated and so also the requirement of social distancing would not arise. The risk of congregation in the University would arise if the students have to attend examinations physically in the University. Then, greater safeguards would have to be taken and many a times, it is noted that such safeguards cannot be taken or maintained while conducting the examination even by the students themselves. Consequently, all stakeholders would be exposed to the risk of the disease including the students. It is in the aforesaid context that the
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respondent-University has, in a truncated format, scheduled the examination online so that the students of the respondent-University who are from the different parts of the State could appear in the examinations from the comfort of their homes or any other place where there is availability of the technology to appear online. Hence, we find that the departure from the usual mode and method of conducting examination for this semester cannot be faulted with or held to be unreasonable or against the interest of the students or the other stakeholders. The examinations are being conducted in September-2020 so that students would commence the new Academic year with effect from October-2020.
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areas, there is every possibility of disruption of electricity which may result in causing a hindrance for the student to appear in the online examination. In such a case, the students would miss the examination. In this regard, our attention has been drawn to Annexure-F wherein at Clause-16, it is stated as under:
“16. No missed examination will be conducted for any of the online examinations scheduled from 2nd to 18th Sept. 2020 as these are the simplified version of examinations being scheduled due to extraordinary situations. If any student misses the online examination(s) deliberately, they have to fulfill all the requirements of a particular course as and when such courses are offered in subsequent academic years. However, on genuine medical grounds, the University will examine requests received in this regard.”
On a reading of the same, it is noted that if a
student misses the online examination deliberately, then he or she would have to fulfill all requirements of the course as and when the course is offered in
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subsequent Academic Year. However, if there are genuine medical grounds, the University would examine the request in that regard. To this, we may also add that if there are genuine grounds, such as not being able to appear in the examination owing to disruption in electricity supply or any other genuine ground which we may not specify or list out presently, it is for the student to make out a case before the University along with the requisite documents and the University in appropriate cases permit such student to appear in the examination when the same is missed. Further, such students who have missed the examination should be permitted to attend the classes to be held in the next semester, as the reasons for their missing the exam would be genuine and not on deliberate.
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performance, then such a student also must be given an opportunity to improve his performance. In what method the student would be permitted to improve his performance, whether by online method or by physical appearance of the student in an exam, cannot be speculated at this stage as it is for the respondentUniversity to take a decision as and when the need arises.
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litigation. However, in the instant case, since a Coordinate Bench of this Court by order dated 20.08.2020 has entertained the writ petition and issued notice to the respondent and thereafter the matter has been listed before this Bench and bearing in mind the interest of the students of the respondentUniversity and having regard to the observations which are made above and also the fact that the ensuing examinations would be commencing day after tomorrow (02.09.2020), the issue regarding maintainability of this writ petition as a public interest litigation has been kept aside. However, this order shall not be treated as a precedent.
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including the students, shall make every endeavour to ensure that the examinations, as determined by the respondent-University, shall be conducted in a smooth manner from 02nd September 2020, so that the students are able to move ahead in their academic career.
In view of the disposal of the writ petition, all the
interlocutory applications stand disposed.
Sd/JUDGE
Sd/JUDGE
BVK
CT:TAB
3 issues framed by the court
Whether online examinations conducted contrary to university regulations are permissible given the COVID-19 pandemic.
Whether the students' concerns regarding electricity disruption and lack of hostel accommodation justify staying the examinations.
Whether the writ petition filed by students who are also beneficiaries can be maintained as public interest litigation.
Sadanand
Puneeth
Pradhan P
Mutturaj
Puneeth Kumar S
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
B.V. Nagarathna
Ravi V. Hosmani
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
