Dismissed¶15

Joginder Singh v. State of Hp

Criminal Miscellaneous Application – Suspension of Sentence – Section 430, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 – NDPS Act, Sections 20 and 29

Himachal Pradesh HC5 May 2025CRMP/4829/2024

Download

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Suspension of sentence Section 430 BNSS post-conviction bail NDPS charas 4.030 kgs commercial quantity successive application no changed circumstances strong compelling reasons presumption of innocence erased after conviction appellate court not to re-appreciate evidence Himachal Pradesh High Court Shimla Cr.MP 4829/2024 Cr.Appeal 291/2023 Joginder Singh v. State of Himachal Pradesh dismissed 05.05.2025.

What did the court decide?

No substantive relief; application for suspension of sentence and bail dismissed. The appellant was held at liberty to move appropriate application(s) for early hearing of the appeal. ¶15

Joginder Singh Vs State of Hp — Narcotics (NDPS) | Himachal Pradesh HC (2025)

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

No substantive relief; application for suspension of sentence and bail dismissed. The appellant was held at liberty to move appropriate application(s) for early hearing of the appeal.

¶15

Issue for consideration

Whether the successive application under Section 430 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 by the convicted appellant for suspension of sentence and release on bail pending disposal of his appeal should be allowed.

¶1

Court's answer

Once conviction is recorded, the presumption of innocence is no longer available; suspension of sentence during pendency of appeal under Section 430 BNSS is not an absolute right of the convict, and the discretion must be exercised judicially, balancing the convict's right and liberty against the interest of society.

¶12

Ratio / Principle

Alleged contradictions in prosecution witnesses' statements and alleged non-compliance with mandatory provisions of the NDPS Act cannot be gone into in detail at the stage of deciding a suspension-of-sentence application; whether they are so glaring as to affect the core of the prosecution case can only be examined at the final hearing of the appeal.

¶13

Key takeaways

In entertaining a successive application for suspension of sentence, the Court must consider the grounds on which the earlier application was rejected and whether fresh grounds warrant reconsideration; there being no substantial change in circumstances after dismissal of the earlier application on 05.09.2023, the present successive application cannot be entertained.ratio¶14
Given the serious nature of the allegations — recovery of 4.030 kgs of charas, a commercial quantity, from exclusive and conscious possession — and conviction after a full-fledged trial, the appellant/convict failed to carve out a strong case for suspension of sentence and release on bail.ratio¶15

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

Criminal Miscellaneous Application — Suspension of Sentence — Section 430, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 — NDPS Act, Sections 20 and 29 — Successive application by convicted appellant (Joginder Singh) seeking suspension of 12-year sentence and fine of Rs.1,00,000/- imposed by Special Judge, Kinnaur Sessions Division at Rampur Bushahr (judgment dated 27.04.2023, CIS Registration No. 66 of 2021) for possessing 4.030 kgs charas, a commercial quantity — Earlier identical application (Cr.MP No. 2472 of 2023) already dismissed on 05.09.2023 — Held: after conviction, presumption of innocence unavailable; suspension of sentence is not an absolute right and discretion must be exercised judicially; appellate court should not re-appreciate evidence or probe alleged contradictions at this stage; no substantial change in circumstances since dismissal of prior application — Application dismissed; liberty reserved to seek early hearing of appeal. (Coram: Tarlok Singh Chauhan and Sushil Kukreja, JJ.; op. Sushil Kukreja, J.; Neutral Citation 2025:HHC:12451.)

¶1

1 Neutral Citation No. ( 2025:HHC:12451 )

¶2

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH AT SHIMLA

¶3

	*Cr. MP No. 4829 of 2024 in* *Cr. Appeal No. 291 of 2023* *Reserved on: 01.05.2025* *Decided on: 05.05.2025*
______________________ Joginder Singh	_______________________________ …..Appellant/applicant. Versus
State of Himachal Pradesh	……Respondent/non-applicant.
_______________________ Coram	______________________________

¶4

The Hon'ble Mr. Justice Tarlok Singh Chauhan, Judge. The Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sushil Kukreja, Judge. 1 Whether approved for reporting? No.

¶5

_______________________ For the applicant:	________________ Mr. Yashveer Advocate.	______________ Singh Rathore,
For the non-applicant/State:	Mr. Ramakant Sha Verma, Ms. Sharm	rma, Mr. Navlesh ila Patial and Mr.
	Sushant Kepra	te, Additional
	Advocates General	, Mr. J.S. Guleria
	and Mr. Raj Negi, General.	Deputy Advocate

¶6

Sushil Kukreja, Judge.

¶7

This order shall dispose of application, filed by the applicant/appellant Joginder Singh, under Section 430 of The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita , 2023, seeking suspension of sentence awarded by the learned Special Judge, Kinnaur Sessions Division at Rampur Bushahr, vide judgment of conviction and order of sentence, dated 27.04.2023, in CIS Registration No. 66 of 2021, for the commission of offences punishable under Sections 20 and

¶8

1 Whether reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgment?

¶9

2 Neutral Citation No. ( 2025:HHC:12451 )

¶10

29 of the Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (hereinafter referred to as “the NDPS Act”) and releasing him on bail.

¶11

The learned Counsel for the appellant/applicant contended that the appellant/applicant has got a very good arguable case on merits, as the evidence relied upon by the learned Trial Court is shaky, thus not tenable in the eyes of law. He also contended that the prosecution has failed to comply with the mandatory provisions of the Act, which castes a doubt qua the alleged recovery from the conscious possession of the appellant/applicant. He further contended that there are material contradictions in the statements of the prosecution witnesses, which the learned Trial Court has lightly brushed aside and there is no evidence at all which shows that the appellant/applicant had any connection with the transportation of the contraband. He further submitted that the applicant has already undergone sentence of more than three and half years, as against the total sentence of twelve years awarded to him and the appeal is not likely to be decided in near future, therefore, in view of the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case, the sentence imposed upon

¶12

the appellant/applicant by the learned Trial Court be suspended in the interest of justice and fair play.

¶13

Per contra the learned Additional Advocate General

¶14

3 Neutral Citation No. ( 2025:HHC:12451 )

¶15

contended that the appellant/applicant is not entitled for suspension of sentence, as huge quantity of 4.030 kgs of charas was recovered from the exclusive and conscious possession of the appellant/applicant and the learned Trial Court had found him guilty. It is further contended that after the judgment of conviction, there is no presumption of innocence in favour of the appellant/applicant and the instant application, being devoid of merits, deserves to be dismissed.

¶16

We have heard the learned counsel for the applicant/appellant as well as learned Additional Advocate General and have also gone through the material available on record.

¶17

It is pertinent to mention here that the appeal filed by the applicant/appellant was admitted on 14.07.2023 and on 05.09.2023 application (Cr.MP No. 2472 of 2023), which was moved by the applicant/appellant for suspension of sentence, was dismissed. Thus, the instant is the successive application filed by the applicant/appellant seeking suspension of sentence.

¶18

The perusal of the record reveals that learned Special Judge, Kinnaur Sessions Division at Rampur Bushahr, vide judgment of conviction and order of sentence, dated 27.04.2023, convicted the applicant/appellant Joginder Singh and other accused persons, i.e., Virender Singh and Shyam Lal, under Sections 20 and 29 of the NDPS Act and sentenced all of them to

¶19

4 Neutral Citation No. ( 2025:HHC:12451 )

¶20

undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of 12 years each and to pay fine of Rs.1,00,000/- each for their alleged involvement in possessing 4.030 kgs of charas and in default of payment of fine to further undergo simple imprisonment for a term of one year. Accused/convict Khem Chand was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a term of 12 years and to pay fine of Rs.1,00,000/- for the offence punishable under Section29 of the Act and in default of payment of fine to further undergo simple imprisonment for a term of one year.

¶21

Before adverting to the rival contentions raised by the learned counsel for the appellant/applicant as well as learned Additional Advocate General for the non-applicant/State, it would be beneficial to refer to the settled legal position, to the effect that when the appellant/applicant accused is convicted by the competent Criminal Court, the initial presumption of innocence is no more available to him.

¶22

8. In State of Maharashtra vs. Madhukar Wamanrao

¶23

Smarth, (2008) 5 SCC 721, the Hon'ble apex Court referred to the parameters delineated in Kishori Lal vs. Rupa & others, (2004) 7 SCC 638 to be observed by the High Court while dealing with an application for suspension of sentence and grant of bail and reiterated the view taken in Vasant Tukaram Pawar vs. State of

¶24

Maharashtra, (2005) 5 SCC 281 . The relevant part runs as under:

¶25

5 Neutral Citation No. ( 2025:HHC:12451 )

¶26

“10. The parameters to be observed by the High Court while dealing with an application for suspension of sentence and grant of bail have been highlighted by this Court in many cases. In Kishori Lal v. Rupa it was observed as follows:

¶27

"4. Section 389 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (in short “the Code”) deals with suspension of execution of sentence pending the appeal and release of the appellant on bail. There is a distinction between bail and suspension of sentence. One of the essential ingredients of Section 389 is the requirement for the appellate court to record reasons in writing for ordering suspension of execution of the sentence or order appealed against. If he is in confinement, the said court can direct that he be released on bail or on his own bond. The requirement of recording reasons in writing clearly indicates that there has to be careful consideration of the relevant aspects and the order directing suspension of sentence and grant of bail should not be passed as a matter of routine.

¶28

The above position was reiterated in Vasant Tukaram Pawar v. State of Maharashtra (2005 (5) SCC 281)"

¶29

In Preet Pal Singh v. State of U.P. & Anr. reported in

¶30

(2020) 8 SCC 645, the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India held that for grant of post-conviction bail to a convict under Section 389 of Code of Criminal Procedure, there has to be strong and compelling reasons and such strong and compelling reason must be recorded

¶31

in the order granting bail. The relevant para of the aforesaid judgments reads as under:

¶32

"35. There is a difference between grant of bail under Section 439 CrPC in case of pre-trial arrest and suspension of sentence under Section 389 CrPC and grant of bail, post conviction. In the earlier case, there may be presumption of innocence, which is a fundamental postulate of criminal jurisprudence, and the courts may be liberal, depending on the facts and circumstances of the case, on the principle that bail is the rule and jail is an exception, as held by this Court in Dataram Singh v. State of U.P. (2018 3 SCC 22). However, in case of post-conviction bail, by suspension of operation of the sentence, there is a finding of guilt and the question of presumption of innocence does not arise. Nor is the principle of bail being the rule and jail an exception attracted, once there is conviction upon trial. Rather, the court

¶33

6 Neutral Citation No. ( 2025:HHC:12451 )

¶34

considering an application for suspension of sentence and grant of bail, is to consider the prima facie merits of the appeal, coupled with other factors. There should be strong compelling reasons for grant of bail, notwithstanding an order of conviction, by suspension of sentence, and this strong and compelling reason must be recorded in the order granting bail, as mandated in Section 389(1) CrPC.”

¶35

10. In (NCT of Delhi) v. Lokesh Chadha, (2021) 5 SCC

¶36

724 , it was held that the principle of bail being the rule and jail being an exception cannot be attracted, once there is conviction upon trial. The relevant para of the aforesaid judgment reads as

¶37

under:

¶38

"10. At this stage, we will refer to the decision of a twojudge Bench of this Court in Preet Pal Singh v. State of U.P. [Preet Pal Singh v. State of U.P., (2020) 8 SCC 645 : (2020) 3 SCC (Cri) 897] where Indira Banerjee, J., speaking for the Court, observed as follows : (SCC p. 655, para 35)

¶39

"35. There is a difference between the grant of bail under Section 439 CrPC in case of pre- trial arrest and suspension of sentence under Section 389 CrPC and the grant of bail, post- conviction. In the earlier case there may be a presumption of innocence, which is a fundamental postulate of criminal jurisprudence, and the courts may be liberal, depending on the facts and circumstances of the case, on the principle that bail is the rule and jail is an exception, as held by this Court in Dataram Singh v. State of U.P. [Dataram Singh v. State of U.P., (2018) 3 SCC 22 : (2018) 1 SCC (Cri) 675] However, in case of post-conviction bail, by suspension of operation of the sentence, there is a finding of guilt and the question of presumption of innocence does not arise. Nor is the principle of bail being the rule and jail an exception attracted, once there is conviction upon trial. Rather, the court considering an application for suspension of sentence and grant of bail is to consider the prima facie merits of the appeal, coupled with other factors. There should be strong compelling reasons for grant of bail, notwithstanding an order of conviction, by suspension of sentence, and this strong and compelling reason must be recorded in the order granting bail, as mandated in Section 389(1) CrPC.”

¶40

7 Neutral Citation No. ( 2025:HHC:12451 )

¶41

It has further been laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme

¶42

Court in Omprakash Sahni v. Jai Shankar Chaudhary, (2023) 6 SCC 123 that while deciding the application for suspension of the sentence, the Court should consider whether the applicant has a fair chance of acquittal. The relevant para of the aforesaid judgment is extracted hereunder:

¶43

"“23. The principle underlying the theory of criminal jurisprudence in our country is that an accused is presumed to be innocent till he is held guilty by a court of the competent jurisdiction. Once the accused is held guilty, the presumption of innocence gets erased. In the same manner, if the accused is acquitted, then the presumption of innocence gets further fortified.

¶44

24. From perusal of Section 389 of the Cr. PC, it is evident that save and except the matter falling under the category of sub-Section 3 neither any specific principle of law is laid down nor any criteria has been fixed for consideration of the prayer of the convict and further, having a judgment of conviction erasing the presumption leaning in favour of the accused regarding innocence till contrary recorded by the court of the competent jurisdiction, and in the aforesaid background, there happens to be a fine distinction between the prayer for bail at the preconviction as well as the post-conviction stage, viz Sections 437, 438, 439 and 389(1) of the Cr. PC.

¶45

25 to 32 xxx

¶46

33. Bearing in mind the aforesaid principles of law, the endeavour on the part of the Court, therefore, should be to see as to whether the case presented by the prosecution and accepted by the Trial Court can be said to be a case in which, ultimately the convict stands for fair chances of acquittal. If the answer to the above said question is to be in the affirmative, as a necessary corollary, we shall have to say that, if ultimately the convict appears to be entitled to have an acquittal at the hands of this Court, he should not be kept behind the bars for a pretty long time till the conclusion of the appeal, which usually take very long for decision and disposal. However, while undertaking the exercise to ascertain whether the convict has fair chances of acquittal, what is to be looked into is something palpable. To put it in other words, something which is very apparent or gross on the face of the record, on the basis of which, the Court can arrive at a prima facie satisfaction that the conviction may not be sustainable. The Appellate Court should not reappreciate the evidence at the stage of Section 389 of the Cr. PC and try to pick up few lacunas or loopholes here or there in the case of the prosecution. Such would not be a correct approach.”

¶47

Taking into consideration the position of law, as can be

¶48

gathered from various judgments of the Supreme Court, it is very

¶49

8 Neutral Citation No. ( 2025:HHC:12451 )

¶50

clear that discretion at the time of considering the plea of the accused for suspension of sentence pending final hearing of appeal has to be exercised judiciously and not as a matter of course as once the conviction is recorded, the presumption of innocence is no longer available to the appellant. A perusal of Section 430 of BNSS would show that suspension of sentence during pendency of appeal is not the absolute right of the convict. The discretion to suspend the sentence vests in the court and it is required to be exercised judicially keeping in view all facts and circumstances and the nature of offence. The Court has to exercise this discretion with utmost care and caution, balancing one's right and liberty on one hand and the interest of the society on the other.

¶51

In the instant case, the nature of the allegations against the accused are serious, as he, alongwith other co-accused persons, was found in exclusive and conscious possession of 4.030 kgs of charas, which is a commercial quantity. The learned counsel for the appellant/applicant highlighted some contradictions in the statements of prosecution witnesses and also contended that the prosecution had failed to comply with the mandatory provisions of the NDPS Act, which castes a doubt qua the alleged recovery from the conscious possession of the appellant/applicant. However, the contentions raised by the learned counsel for the

¶52

9 Neutral Citation No. ( 2025:HHC:12451 )

¶53

appellant/applicant cannot be accepted at this stage, as the same cannot be gone into in detail at the stage of deciding the present application for suspension of sentence. Whether these contradictions in the testimonies of the prosecution witnesses are so glaring to affect the core of the prosecution case, can only be examined at the stage of final hearing. In Om Prakash Sahni’s case (supra), Hon'ble Supreme Court has clearly held that the Appellate Court should not re-appreciate the evidence at the stage of Section 389 of the Cr.PC and try to pick up few lacunas or loopholes here or there in the case of the prosecution, which would not be a correct approach.

¶54

It may be pertinent to mention here that the similar application, which was earlier filed by the applicant for suspension of sentence, has been dismissed, vide order dated 05.09.2023 passed by this Court. It is a settled law that while entertaining such subsequent application, the Court has a duty to consider the reasons and grounds on which the earlier application was rejected and what are the fresh grounds which persuade it warranting the evaluation and consideration of the application afresh and to take a view different from the one taken in the earlier application. This

¶55

Court is of the view that after the dismissal of the earlier application, there is no substantial change in the circumstances which would entitle the applicant for suspension of his sentence.

¶56

10 Neutral Citation No. ( 2025:HHC:12451 )

¶57

Therefore, in absence of any changed circumstances, the present successive application for suspension of sentence cannot be entertained.

¶58

In view of the aforesaid discussion and keeping in mind, the nature of conviction and sentence imposed by the learned Trial Court, that too, after a full-fledged trial, we feel our self persuaded to hold that the appellant/convict, at this stage, has miserably failed to carve out a strong case for suspension of sentence and his release on bail. The application for suspension of sentence and release of appellant/convict on bail, therefore being misconceived, is dismissed and stands disposed of accordingly.

¶59

Since the appeal pertains to the year 2023 and already

¶60

stands admitted, the appellant/applicant is at liberty to move appropriate application(s) for early hearing of the appeal.

¶61

( Tarlok Singh Chauhan ) Judge

¶62

( Sushil Kukreja ) Judge

¶63

5^th May, 2025

¶64

(virender)

Joginder Singh v. State of Hp

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Joginder Singh v. State of Hp

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Why is it important?

What the court decided

Issues for consideration

Cases cited

Statutes considered

Procedural history

Parties & counsel

Coram

Case details

Similar cases

Sulakhan Singh Vs State of Hp

Gummat Ram Vs State of Hp

Mani Ram Vs State of Hp

State of Hp Vs Sahil

State of Hp Vs Jugal Kishore @ Mithu

State of Hp Vs Hem Raj