Dismissed¶89

Pradeep Sharma v. Rajiv Garg

Delhi HC4 Jul 2025RFA/578/2025

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Delhi High Court RFA dismissed: plaint rejection under Order VII Rule 11 CPC upheld as time-barred and lacking cause of action; finality of Civil Judge's 2007 finding on purchase of property via GPA-sale documents dated 12.07.1999, upheld through CRP 157/2007 and Supreme Court SLP dismissal 03.11.2014; section 6 and section 6(4) Specific Relief Act 1963 argument rejected; limitation under Articles 58/59 Limitation Act 1973 runs from adverse title finding, not SLP dismissal; precedents K. Durairaj (2010 SCC OnLine Mad 589) and ITC Ltd (2013) 10 SCC 169 cited by appellant but not adopted.

What did the court decide?

No substantive relief to the appellant on the merits — appeal dismissed at the stage of issuance of notice itself, pending applications disposed-of. CM APPL. 38535/2025 (exemption) allowed subject to just exceptions. ¶89

Pradeep Sharma Vs Rajiv Garg — Specific Performance | Delhi HC (2025)

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

¶89

Issue for consideration

Whether the plaint in the appellant's suit for declaration (that the GPA-set of documents dated 12.07.1999 are null and void), recovery of possession, permanent injunction and a money decree of Rs. 10,50,000/- was correctly rejected under Order VII Rule 11 CPC as time-barred and disclosing no valid cause of action. +2 more

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Court's answer

The learned trial court was correct in observing that the claim in the suit was time-barred; on a conspectus, the appeal finds no merit and is dismissed at the stage of issuance of notice itself.

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Ratio / Principle

There is no basis to limit the scope of the common judgment dated 03.04.2007 to the suit under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act: the learned Civil Judge disposed of two suits, one of which related specifically to whether title to the suit property was conveyed to the respondent; a specific issue (the very first issue) was framed on purchase and decided in the respondent's favour after a full-dressed trial, and that finding attained finality through CRP No. 157/2007 (28.03.2012) and the Supreme Court's dismissal of the SLP on merits (03.11.2014).

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Key takeaways

The appellant was a party to the earlier suits and it was therefore open to him to raise all the grievances now canvassed — including the defence that the scope of a suit under section 6 is limited to possession — before the learned Civil Judge in the earlier suit.ratio¶83
The eventual dismissal of the SLP by the Supreme Court cannot be the point at which the right to sue first accrued in favour of the appellant, since the learned Civil Judge had already returned a clear finding against the appellant's title; the suit ought to have been filed within three years under Article 58 or Article 59 of the Limitation Act 1973, and was not.ratio¶88

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

Delhi High Court (Anup Jairam Bhambhani, J.), 04.07.2025 — RFA 578/2025 (Pradeep Sharma v. Rajiv Garg) dismissed at the notice stage, affirming rejection of the appellant's plaint under Order VII Rule 11 CPC. The suit sought declaration that the GPA/agreement-to-sell/affidavit/receipt set dated 12.07.1999 is null and void, recovery of possession of Flat No. 201, J-1/162, Rajouri Garden, permanent injunction, and a Rs. 10,50,000/- money decree. The District Judge (Tis Hazari, CS DJ No. 613143/2016, judgment dated 25.03.2025) had rejected it relying on a common judgment dated 03.04.2007 of the Civil Judge deciding the issue 'Whether the suit property was duly purchased by the plaintiff from the defendant?' in the respondent's favour — a finding upheld by this Court in CRP No.157/2007 (28.03.2012) and sealed by the Supreme Court dismissing SLP(C) No. 14781-14782/2012 on merits (03.11.2014). Rejecting the appellant's section 6(4) Specific Relief Act argument (supported by counsel's reliance on K. Durairaj, 2010 SCC OnLine Mad 589, and ITC Ltd v. Adarsh CHS Ltd, (2013) 10 SCC 169), the Court held the title issue was settled after a full-dressed trial in the companion suit; the appellant, a party throughout, could have raised these objections earlier; and limitation under Article 58/59, Limitation Act 1973 ran from the Civil Judge's adverse finding, not the 2014 SLP dismissal, rendering the suit filed 12.03.2015 time-barred and causeless.

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$~192

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

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- RFA 578/2025 PRADEEP SHARMA .....Appellant

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Through: Mr. Akshit Sachdeva with Mr. Arun Kumar and Mr. Rohan Sehrawat, Advocates.

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versus

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RAJIV GARG .....Respondent

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Through:

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CORAM:

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HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ANUP JAIRAM BHAMBHANI O R D E R

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% 04.07.2025

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CM APPL. 38535/2025

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Exemption allowed, subject to just exceptions.

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The application stands disposed-of.

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RFA 578/2025

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By way of the present regular first appeal filed under section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 („CPC‟), the appellant impugns judgment and decree dated 25.03.2025 passed by the learned District Judge, Tis Hazari Courts, Delhi in CS DJ No. 613143/2016, whereby the plaint filed by the appellant, seeking declaration, recovery of possession and injunction in relation to property bearing Flat No. 201, J-1/162, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi, has been rejected on an application filed by the respondent under Order VII Rule 11 CPC, on the ground that the relief claimed in the suit is time-barred as also that the plaint does not disclose a valid cause of action.

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Upon a perusal of the impugned judgment, the following position emerges :

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RFA 578/2025 Page 1 of 10

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This is a digitally signed order. The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 23/07/2025 at 12:34:29

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2.1. Rights and interests in the suit property are claimed to have been transferred by the appellant in favour of the respondent vide a set of documents comprising a general power of attorney, an agreement to sell, affidavit and receipt, all dated 12.07.1999 („GPA-set of documents‟); and by way of the suit, the appellant had sought a declaration that the said set of documents are nulland-void. Arising therefrom, the appellant had also sought permanent injunction restraining the respondent from disturbing his possession of the suit property. In addition, the appellant had also sought a money decree for Rs.10,50,000/- alongwith pendente-lite and future interest.

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2.2. In this backdrop, the learned trial court has observed that this issue already stood concluded vide common judgment dated 03.04.2007 passed by a learned Civil Judge, disposing-off two earlier suits filed by the respondent (as plaintiff), the first suit alleging that they had purchased the suit property from the appellant (as defendant) vide the GPA-set of documents dated 12.07.1999; and the second suit seeking recovery of possession of the property under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 („Specific Relief Act‟). Furthermore, in that earlier judgment, the learned Civil Judge had recorded categorical findings that the respondent had purchased the suit property from the appellant vide the GPA-set of documents dated 12.07.1999.

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2.3. Judgment dated 03.04.2007 passed by the learned Civil Judge was subsequently challenged by the appellant in CRP No.157/2007, which was dismissed by a Co-ordinate Bench of

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RFA 578/2025 Page 2 of 10

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 23/07/2025 at 12:34:29

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this court vide judgment dated 28.03.2012, thereby upholding the decision made by the learned Civil Judge. It is necessary to note that in the earlier suit before the learned Civil Judge a specific issue had been framed as regards the purchase of the suit property by the respondent, in addition to an issue in relation to the status of possession of the suit property.

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2.4. The matter worked its way-up to the Supreme Court and vide order dated 03.11.2014, the Supreme Court was pleased to dismiss the special leave petition, having first issued notice vide order dated 09.05.2012 with the following observations :

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“ Heard.

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No merit. The special leave petitions are dismissed. The amount deposited by the petitioner towards use and occupation of the premises in terms of the order of this Court shall stand released in favour of the respondentdecreeholder. ”

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It is in these circumstances, that the learned trial court observes as follows in impugned judgment dated 25.03.2025:

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“ 19. It is a matter of record that alongwith the other documents, the plaintiff has also filed the judgment dated 03.04.2007 passed by the Ld. Civil Judge while disposing the earlier suits filed by the defendant as plaintiff seeking the relief of permanent injunction and recovery of possession under Section 6 The Specific Relief Act, 1963 with respect to the suit property against the plaintiff of the present suit.

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“20. The perusal of the judgment reveals that the following issue was framed and decided by the Ld. Civil Judge while disposing both the aforesaid civil suits :

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“Whether the suit property was duly purchased by the plaintiff from the defendant? OPP”.

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RFA 578/2025 Page 3 of 10

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 23/07/2025 at 12:34:29

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“ 21. It be noted that the suit property of the present case was also involved in the aforesaid suits and the defendant herein was the plaintiff of the said suits.

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“22. The perusal of the aforesaid judgment reveals that while deciding the aforesaid issue, Ld. Civil Judge gave a categorical finding that the defendant herein had purchased the suit property from the plaintiff of the present suit vide the GPA set of documents in question dated 12.07.1999.

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“23. It is a matter of record that the aforesaid finding recorded by Ld. Civil Judge has attained finality as the appeal against the same filed at the instance of the plaintiff of the present case has been dismissed upto the Hon’ble Apex Court and the said fact gets duly established from the order dated 03.11.2014 passed by Hon’ble Apex Court in SLP Civil 14781-14782/2012, Pradeep Sharma Vs. Rajiv Garg, which has been placed on record by the plaintiff himself.

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“24. The aforesaid fact makes it clear that there is a finding of a Competent Court, which has attained finality, to the effect that through the GPA set of documents dated 12.07.1999, the plaintiff transferred the suit property in favour of the defendant.

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“25. So, the foregoing discussion can be concluded to the effect that the plaintiff cannot seek the declaration of the GPA set of documents dated 12.07.1999 executed by him in favour of the defendant with respect to the suit property as null and void as not only his relief is time barred but there is a finding of a Competent Civil Court also to the effect that through the aforesaid documents, he had transferred the suit property to the defendant and the said finding has attained finality till the Hon’ble Apex Court of this Country.

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* * * * *

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“27. Firstly, the plaintiff has sought the declaration of his ownership and consequent recovery of the suit property from the defendant. This Court is of the opinion that in light of the GPA set of documents dated 12.07.1999 executed by the plaintiff in favour of

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RFA 578/2025 Page 4 of 10

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the defendant, he can neither seek the declaration of his ownership over the suit property nor the consequent recovery of its possession.

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* * * * *

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“29. Thirdly, the plaintiff has sought the recovery of Rs.10,50,000/- alongwith pendente lite and future interest @ 18% per annum by pleading that the aforesaid amount was unlawfully released to the defendant by Ld. Civil Judge despite fact that he was not the owner of the suit property. However, this Court is of the opinion that the plea of the plaintiff is prima facie meritless as the perusal of the order dated 03.11.2014 passed by Hon’ble Supreme Court in SLP Civil No.14781-14782/2012, Pradeep Sharma Vs. Rajiv Garg, which has been filed by him alongwith the plaint, reveals that the Ld. Trial Court released the amount in question in favour of the defendant as per the directions of Hon’ble Apex Court.

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“30. Fourthly, the plaintiff has sought a decree of permanent injunction thereby injuncting the defendant from disturbing his possession over the suit property. However, this Court is of the opinion that the plaintiff cannot seek the said relief as in the first place, he is not in the possession of the suit property and moreover, this Court has already arrived at the finding that he has no right whatsoever to seek the recovery of the possession of the suit property.

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“31. Briefly stating, the aforesaid discussion makes it crystal clear that even if this Court goes by the version of the plaintiff and presume the same to be correct and examine it on the touchstone of the settled position of law, there is no valid cause of action in his favour to seek any relief with respect to the suit property against the defendant. Accordingly, the application moved on behalf of defendant under Order VII Rule 11 CPC stands allowed and the plaint of the present suit stands rejected. ”

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(emphasis supplied)

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Mr. Akshit Sachdeva, learned counsel appearing for the appellant however argues, that the entire run of proceedings in the earlier civil suit could not have addressed the issue of title to the subject property,

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RFA 578/2025 Page 5 of 10

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 23/07/2025 at 12:34:29

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since the said suit had been filed by the respondent under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act.

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Counsel argues that the scope and purport of the suit under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act is only in relation to a person being dispossessed of an immovable property otherwise than in due course of law; and that such suit proceeds notwithstanding the status of title of the property . In this behalf counsel draws attention to the provisions of section 6 which reads as under :

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6. Suit by person dispossessed of immovable property .—(1) If any person is dispossessed without his consent of immovable property otherwise than in due course of law, he or any person through whom he has been in possession or any person claiming through him may, by suit, recover possession thereof, notwithstanding any other title that may be set up in such suit.

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(2) No suit under this section shall be brought—

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(a) after the expiry of six months from the date of dispossession; or

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(b) against the Government.

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(3) No appeal shall lie from any order or decree passed in any suit instituted under this section, nor shall any review of any such order or decree be allowed.

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(4) Nothing in this section shall bar any person from suing to establish his title to such property and to recover possession thereof.

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(emphasis supplied)

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In particular, counsel draws attention to section 6(4) of the Specific Relief Act, to submit that regardless of the outcome of a suit under section 6, the provision itself recites that proceedings under section 6 shall not bar any person from suing to establish title to his property and

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RFA 578/2025 Page 6 of 10

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 23/07/2025 at 12:34:29

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to recover possession thereof. Counsel therefore submits, that a suit under section 6 could never have related to the title to the property. It is accordingly argued, that notwithstanding the fact that judgment dated 03.04.2007 passed by the learned Civil Judge in the earlier suit has been upheld by a Co-ordinate Bench of this court vide judgment dated 28.03.2012 in CRP No. 157/2007; and a special leave petition bearing SLP(C) No. 14781-14782/2012 has been dismissed by the Supreme Court vide order dated 03.11.2014, the appellant is yet entitled to maintain the suit that is subject of the present proceedings.

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It is argued, that in any case, the plaint could not have rejected on an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC.

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In support of his submissions, counsel has placed reliance upon a decision of a single judge of the Madras High Court in K. Durairaj vs. Ashok Kakri & Anr.¹ , which holds that the legislature did not intend to give the proceedings under section 6(1) of the Specific Relief Act a character of finality; and section 6(4) specifically says that a suit for title and recovery of possession is maintainable regardless of the outcome of a suit under section 6(1). Counsel argues, that the Madras High Court has held that even if a suit under section 6 leads a court to give a decision on the question of title, that decision does not operate as res-judicata in a subsequent suit whereby a person claims title to the suit property.

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1 2010 SCC OnLine Mad 589

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RFA 578/2025 Page 7 of 10

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 23/07/2025 at 12:34:29

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Counsel also relies upon a decision of the Supreme Court in ITC Limited vs. Adarsh Cooperative Housing Society Limited² in which the Supreme Court has held that the proceedings under section 6 partake the character of a summary proceedings, against which any appeal or review has been specifically barred; and that the remedy for an unsuccessful litigant is to file a fresh suit for recovery of possession on the basis of title .

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Upon a careful consideration of the record, as well as appreciating the arguments made on behalf of the appellant, this court regrets that it is unable to agree with those submissions for the following reasons :

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10.1. Firstly , there is no basis to limiting the scope of common judgment dated 03.04.2007 only to the suit filed under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act since the learned Civil Judge had disposed-of two suits, one of which was under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act but the other suit was in relation to the title of the suit property. The other suit related to whether the title to the suit property had been conveyed to the respondent by the appellant. In this regard a specific issue, being the very first issue was framed in that suit as quoted in para 3 above; and a finding in favour of the respondent was given by the learned Civil Judge on that issue. That issue therefore stands decided against the appellant after a full-dressed trial, which finding has attained finality having worked its way-up through the Co-ordinate Bench of this court in CRP No. 157/2007 vide order dated

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2 (2013) 10 SCC 169

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RFA 578/2025 Page 8 of 10

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This is a digitally signed order.

¶81

The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 23/07/2025 at 12:34:29

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28.03.2012, to the Supreme Court, which was pleased to dismiss the SLP on merits vide order dated 03.11.2014, observing that it found no merit in the special leave petition.

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10.2. Secondly , the appellant was a party to the earlier suits and it was therefore available to the appellant to raise all his grievances that are now being canvassed, including the defence that the scope of a suit under section 6 is limited, before the learned Civil Judge in the earlier suit.

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10.3. Thirdly , it is observed that even if one of the earlier suits was, or ought to have been, limited to the question of possession without having to do anything with the title to the suit property, the other suit related specifically to the purchase of the suit property and both the suits were disposed-of vide common judgment dated 03.04.2007, the appellant became aware that there was a challenge to his title at the hands of the respondent; and therefore the appellant ought to have filed the suit claiming a declaration as to his title under section 6(4) of the Special Relief Act within the period of limitation prescribed under Article 58 or Article 59 of the Limitation Act 1973, which provides a limitation period of 03 years from the time when the right to sue first accrues or when the facts entitling him to sue first became known to him . This however, was not done by the appellant, who now argues that the right to sue first accrued to him only when the judgment of the learned Civil Judge dated 03.04.2007 attained finality by the Supreme Court dismissing the SLP on 03.11.2014, whereafter the appellant has filed the present suit on 12.03.2015.

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RFA 578/2025 Page 9 of 10

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 23/07/2025 at 12:34:29

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In the opinion of this court, the eventual dismissal of the SLP by the Supreme Court cannot be the point in time when the right to sue first accrued in favour of the appellant, since the learned Civil Judge had returned a clear finding against the appellant‟s title to the suit property. The learned trial court was accordingly correct in observing that the claim in the suit was also timebarred.

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Upon a conspectus of the foregoing, this court finds no merit in the present appeal, which is accordingly dismissed at the stage of issuance of notice itself.

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Pending applications, if any, also stand disposed-of.

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ANUP JAIRAM BHAMBHANI, J

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JULY 4, 2025 ds

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RFA 578/2025 Page 10 of 10 This is a digitally signed order. The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 23/07/2025 at 12:34:29

Issues for consideration

3 issues framed by the court

AI extract

1.
Whether the plaint in the appellant's suit for declaration (that the GPA-set of documents dated 12.07.1999 are null and void), recovery of possession, permanent injunction and a money decree of Rs. 10,50,000/- was correctly rejected under Order VII Rule 11 CPC as time-barred and disclosing no valid cause of action.¶15
The court held
The learned trial court was correct in observing that the claim in the suit was time-barred; on a conspectus, the appeal finds no merit and is dismissed at the stage of issuance of notice itself.ratio¶88
2.
Whether the appellant's reliance on section 6(4) of the Specific Relief Act avails him — i.e., whether the common judgment dated 03.04.2007 in the two earlier suits (one under section 6, one concerning purchase/title), carried to finality through CRP No.157/2007 and the dismissed SLP, forecloses his title suit.¶68
The court held
There is no basis to limit the scope of the common judgment dated 03.04.2007 to the suit under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act: the learned Civil Judge disposed of two suits, one of which related specifically to whether title to the suit property was conveyed to the respondent; a specific issue (the very first issue) was framed on purchase and decided in the respondent's favour after a full-dressed trial, and that finding attained finality through CRP No. 157/2007 (28.03.2012) and the Supreme Court's dismissal of the SLP on merits (03.11.2014).ratio¶77
3.
From what point the limitation period under Article 58 or Article 59 of the Limitation Act 1973 ran for the declaration suit — the Civil Judge's adverse finding of 03.04.2007 or the Supreme Court's dismissal of the SLP on 03.11.2014.¶84
The court held
The eventual dismissal of the SLP by the Supreme Court cannot be the point at which the right to sue first accrued in favour of the appellant, since the learned Civil Judge had already returned a clear finding against the appellant's title; the suit ought to have been filed within three years under Article 58 or Article 59 of the Limitation Act 1973, and was not.ratio¶88

Pradeep Sharma v. Rajiv Garg

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Pradeep Sharma v. Rajiv Garg

Case brief

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