Allowed

Shiv Shankar Singh v. State NCT of Delhi & Ors.

Delhi HC16 Aug 2024CRL.M.C./6185/2024

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

The Delhi High Court quashed an FIR alleging death by negligence due to an amicable settlement where compensation was paid. The Court held that continuation of proceedings would amount to abuse of process and served no useful purpose given the civil character of the dispute.

What did the court decide?

FIR No. 577/2023 and all consequential proceedings quashed; petitioner directed to pay ₹20,000 cost to Delhi Police Welfare Society.

Shiv Shankar Singh Vs State NCT of Delhi & Ors. — Quashing and FIR | Delhi HC (2024)

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$~11

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

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- CRL.M.C. 6185/2024 & CRL.M.A. 23647/2024

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SHIV SHANKAR SINGH .....Petitioner

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Through: Ms. Anshu Priyanka, Mr. Anuj Kumar, Mr. Vikram Gulliya, Advs. with petitioner in person.

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versus

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STATE NCT OF DELHI & ORS. .....Respondents Through: Mr. Manjeet Arya, APP for the State.

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Mr. Vipul Saluja, Adv. for R-2 with R-2, R-3 & R-4.

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CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE AMIT MAHAJAN

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O R D E R % 16.08.2024

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CRL.M.A. 23648/2024 (exemption from filing certified copies of annexures)

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Exemptions allowed, subject to all just exceptions.

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The application stands disposed of.

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CRL.M.C. 6185/2024 & CRL.M.A. 23647/2024

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The present petition is filed seeking quashing of FIR No.577/2023, dated 26.08.2023, registered at Police Station Okhla Industrial Area, for offences under Sections 287/304A of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (‘ IPC ’). The charge sheet has already been filed in the present case.

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It is alleged that on the unfortunate day of 26.08.2023 the deceased, namely, Sonu, died due to electric shock while working at workplace. He was immediately taken to ESI hospital in emergency, where he was declared brought dead by doctor.

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The learned counsel for the petitioner submits that as a CRL.M.C. 6185/2024 Page 1 of 8

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This is a digitally signed order. The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 27/08/2024 at 14:18:03

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goodwill gesture, the salary which was received by the deceased has been paid to the family up to March, 2024.

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He submits that even though the deceased died of pure accident, however, a sum of ₹15,00,000/- has been paid to the legal representatives of the deceased as compensation. 7. He further submits that the legal representatives of the deceased are present in the Court and are satisfied with the compensation amount and do not wish to pursue any proceedings arising out of the present FIR.

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The present petition is filed on the ground that the matter is amicably settled between the parties, on their own free will, without any coercion, pressure, or undue influence by way of a Settlement Agreement dated 13.11.2023.

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In terms of the Settlement Agreement dated 13.11.2023, out of the total settlement amount of ₹15,00,000/-, an amount of ₹5,00,000/- has already been paid by the petitioner to Respondent No.2 (wife of deceased) and the remaining settlement amount of ₹10,00,000/- is paid today in Court by way of Demand Draft bearings nos.000465 and 000468 dated 12.08.2024 and 14.08.2024 respectively drawn on Axis Bank, in favour of children of deceased, i.e., Master Lav and Ms. Divya.

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The petitioner and legal representatives of the deceased are present in Court and have been duly identified by the Investigating Officer.

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The legal representatives of the deceased, on being asked, state that they do not wish to pursue the proceedings arising out of the present FIR, and have no objection if the proceedings are quashed.

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Offences under Sections 287/304A of the IPC are noncompoundable.

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Page 2 of 8

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CRL.M.C. 6185/2024

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It is well settled that the High Court while exercising its powers under Section 482 of the CrPC can compound offences which are non-compoundable under the Code on the ground that there is a compromise between the accused and the complainant. The Hon’ble Apex Court has laid down parameters and guidelines to be adhered to by the High Court while accepting settlement and quashing the proceedings. In the case of Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr. : (2014) 6 SCC 466 , the Hon’ble Supreme Court had observed as under :-

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“29. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings:

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29.1. Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution.

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29.2. When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure:

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(i) ends of justice, or

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(ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court.

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While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives.

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Page 3 of 8

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CRL.M.C. 6185/2024

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29.3. Such a power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions which involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for the offences alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender.

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29.4. On the other hand, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominantly civil character, particularly those arising out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves.

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29.5. While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases.”

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(emphasis supplied)

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Similarly , in the case of Parbatbhai Aahir & Ors. v. State of Gujarat & Anr. : (2017) 9 SCC 641 , the Hon’ble Supreme Court had observed as under :-

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“16. The broad principles which emerge from the precedents on the subject, may be summarised in the following propositions:

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16.1. Section 482 preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to prevent an abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice. The provision does not confer new powers. It only recognises and preserves powers which inhere in the High Court.

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Page 4 of 8

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CRL.M.C. 6185/2024

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16.2. The invocation of the jurisdiction of the High Court to quash a first information report or a criminal proceeding on the ground that a settlement has been arrived at between the offender and the victim is not the same as the invocation of jurisdiction for the purpose of compounding an offence. While compounding an offence, the power of the court is governed by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The power to quash under Section 482 is attracted even if the offence is non-compoundable.

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16.3. In forming an opinion whether a criminal proceeding or complaint should be quashed in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482, the High Court must evaluate whether the ends of justice would justify the exercise of the inherent power.

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16.4. While the inherent power of the High Court has a wide ambit and plenitude it has to be exercised (i) to secure the ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent an abuse of the process of any court.

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16.5. The decision as to whether a complaint or first information report should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled the dispute, revolves ultimately on the facts and circumstances of each case and no exhaustive elaboration of principles can be formulated.

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16.6. In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the offence. Heinous and serious offences involving mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim have settled the dispute. Such offences are, truly speaking, not private in nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded on the overriding element of public interest in punishing persons for serious offences.

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CRL.M.C. 6185/2024

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16.7. As distinguished from serious offences, there may be criminal cases which have an overwhelming or predominant element of a civil dispute. They stand on a distinct footing insofar as the exercise of the inherent power to quash is concerned.

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16.8. Criminal cases involving offences which arise from commercial, financial, mercantile, partnership or similar transactions with an essentially civil flavour may in appropriate situations fall for quashing where parties have settled the dispute.

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16.9. In such a case, the High Court may quash the criminal proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and

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16.10. There is yet an exception to the principle set out in propositions 16.8. and 16.9. above. Economic offences involving the financial and economic well-being of the State have implications which lie beyond the domain of a mere dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance.”

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(emphasis supplied)

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The present case relates to the offences under Sections 287/304A of the IPC where a person has died due to alleged negligence of the accused person. Thus, while deciding whether proceedings relating to such an offence can be quashed on the basis of the settlement between the accused and family of the victim, it is necessary to consider whether it is probable that the presented facts would constitute gross negligence and whether the element of mens rea , which is required for the purpose of conviction, is present.

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CRL.M.C. 6185/2024

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Page 6 of 8

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The Hon’ble Apex Court, in the case of Jacob Mathew v. State of Punjab : (2005) 6 SCC 1 , while interpreting as to what constitutes a negligent act so as to constitute an offence under Section 304A of IPC held that gross negligence and an element of mens rea must be shown to exist. The Hon’ble Apex Court observed as under:

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“48. We sum up our conclusions as under: …(5) The jurisprudential concept of negligence differs in civil and criminal law. What may be negligence in civil law may not necessarily be negligence in criminal law. For negligence to amount to an offence, the element of mens rea must be shown to exist. For an act to amount to criminal negligence, the degree of negligence should be much higher i.e. gross or of a very high degree. Negligence which is neither gross nor of a higher degree may provide a ground for action in civil law but cannot form the basis for prosecution.

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The word “gross” has not been used in Section 304A IPC, yet it is settled that in criminal law negligence or recklessness, to be so held, must be of such a high degree as to be “gross”. The expression “rash or negligent act” as occurring in Section 304A of the IPC has to be read as qualified by the word “grossly”...”

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From the perusal of the FIR and the documents annexed with the present petition, it appears to be a case of an accident. It is not alleged that the petitioner was the one because of whom, the deceased lost his life. It is also not a case that such accidents happened on regular basis and that other workers also used to get injured on a regular basis. Given the fact that the family members of the deceased have already settled with the petitioner and do not wish to pursue this matter further makes it improbable to secure a conviction given the facts of the present case.

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This Court, thus, is of the view that the payment of compensation would serve the ends of justice.

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Keeping in view the nature of the dispute and that the

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Page 7 of 8

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CRL.M.C. 6185/2024

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 27/08/2024 at 14:18:03

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parties have amicably entered into a settlement, this Court feels that no useful purpose would be served by keeping the dispute alive and continuance of the proceedings would amount to abuse of the process of Court. I am of the opinion that this is a fit case to exercise discretionary jurisdiction under Section 482 of the CrPC.

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In view of the above, FIR No. 577/2023 and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom are quashed, subject to payment of a total cost of ₹20,000/- by the petitioner, to be deposited with the Delhi Police Welfare Society within a period of six weeks from today.

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The proof of deposit of payment of cost be submitted with the concerned IO/SHO.

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It is made clear that amount received by the family of the deceased shall not be deemed as a payment of compensation under The Employee’s Compensation Act, 1923 and the family of the deceased is at liberty to pursue all the remedies in regard to the compensation as per the law.

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