Partly allowed¶71

Manoj Bhardwaj v. State of Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh HC10 Jun 2025CRMP/198/2024

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Section 482 CrPC quashing jurisdiction; FIR Crime No. 277/2023, PS Kotwali, Jagdalpur; Sections 498-A and 34 IPC; omnibus/general dowry allegations against in-laws; Bhajan Lal category seven; misuse of 498A in matrimonial disputes; Geeta Mehrotra; K. Subba Rao; Rashmi Chopra; Dara Lakshmi Narayan; CRMP No. 198/2024 allowed; CRMP No. 3415/2024 dismissed; husband's prosecution to continue; Chhattisgarh High Court division bench 2025.

What did the court decide?

Criminal Case No. 1827/2023 (arising out of FIR Crime No. 277/2023, PS Kotwali, Jagdalpur) quashed so far as it relates to Manoj Bhardwaj and Smt. Niraj @ Neeru Bhardwaj; Cr.M.P. No. 198/2024 allowed; Cr.M.P. No. 3415/2024 dismissed; prosecution against Akarshan Bhardwaj to continue before the trial Court. ¶71

Manoj Bhardwaj Vs State of Chhattisgarh — Dowry and Cruelty | Chhattisgarh HC (2025)

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

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Issue for consideration

Whether the FIR bearing Crime No. 277/2023 and the consequential Criminal Case No. 1827/2023 under Sections 498-A/34 IPC should be quashed against the in-law petitioners (Manoj Bhardwaj and Smt. Niraj @ Neeru Bhardwaj) on the ground that only omnibus and general allegations, without specific particulars, are made against them. +1 more

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Court's answer

On perusal of the FIR, which makes no specific allegations and contains only bald and omnibus allegations against the petitioners, prima facie no offence under Sections 498-A/34 IPC is made out for prosecuting petitioners Manoj Bhardwaj and Smt. Niraj @ Neeru Bhardwaj (Cr.M.P. No. 198/2024).

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Ratio / Principle

Criminal Case No. 1827/2023 pending in the Court of the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Jagdalpur, arising out of FIR Crime No. 277/2023 (PS Kotwali, District Bastar) for offences under Sections 498-A and 34 IPC, is quashed so far as it relates to petitioners Manoj Bhardwaj and Smt. Niraj @ Neeru Bhardwaj.

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Key takeaways

The prosecution against petitioner-husband Akarshan Bhardwaj shall continue; the trial Court will decide the criminal case pending against him strictly in accordance with law without being influenced by any of the observations made in this order.ratio¶71

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

Chhattisgarh High Court, Bilaspur (Division Bench: Ramesh Sinha, CJ and Bibhu Datta Guru, J; order per Ramesh Sinha, CJ), 11.06.2025 — Criminal originals (CRMP Nos. 198 and 3415 of 2024) under Section 482 CrPC seeking quashing of FIR Crime No. 277/2023 (PS Kotwali, Jagdalpur) under Sections 498-A/34 IPC and consequential Criminal Case No. 1827/2023 (CJM, Jagdalpur). Held: the FIR against the parents-in-law, Manoj Bhardwaj and Niraj @ Neeru Bhardwaj, contained only bald and omnibus allegations of dowry demand without specific incidents, dates or places; relying on Geeta Mehrotra, K. Subba Rao, Rashmi Chopra (with Bhajan Lal category seven parameters) and Dara Lakshmi Narayan, no offence was prima facie made out against them and the criminal case was quashed qua both. Prosecution against husband Akarshan Bhardwaj continues, the trial to proceed strictly per law uninfluenced by these observations. Cr.M.P. No. 198/2024 allowed; Cr.M.P. No. 3415/2024 dismissed. Earlier interim direction (17.12.2024) to deposit Rs. 50,000/- with the Mediation Centre noted; mediation failed (report dt. 20.01.2025).

2025:CGHC:23041-DB

NAFR

HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR

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CRMP No. 198 of 2024

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1 - Manoj Bhardwaj S/o Late Ramniwas Bhardwaj Aged About 62 Years 2 - Smt. Niraj @ Neeru Bhardwaj W/o Manoj Bhardwaj Aged About 58 Years Both are R/o Nahar Road, Bhatagaon, Beside Prakash Auto Center Mathpurena, Raipur, District Raipur (C.G.)

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--- Petitioner(s)

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Versus

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1 - State of Chhattisgarh Through The Principal Secretary Home Department, Mantralaya, Mahanadi Bhawan, Nawa Raipur, Atal Nagar Raipur, District Raipur (C.G.)

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2 - Station House Officer P.S. Kotwali, Jagdalpur, District Bastar (C.G.) 3 - Smt. Neha Bhardwaj W/o Aakarshan Bhardwaj Aged About 38 Years R/o Pathragudda, Near The Damru Paan Thela, Ward No. 06, Tahsil Jagdalpur, District Bastar (C.G.)

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--- Respondent(s)

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For Petitioner(s)	: Mr. T.K.Jha, Advocate.
For Respondent(s)	: Mr. Malay Jain, Panel Lawyer
For Respondent No. 3	: Mr. Gaurav Singhal, Advocate.

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CRMP No. 3415 of 2024

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Akarshan Bhardwaj S/o Manoj Bhardwaj Aged About 38 Years R/o Nahar Road, Bhatagaon, Beside Prakash Auto Center Mathpurena, Raipur, District Raipur Chhattisgarh.

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--- Petitioner(s)

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Versus

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1 - State Of Chhattisgarh Through The Principal Secretary Home Department, Mantralaya, Mahanadi Bhawan Nawa Raipur Atal Nagar Raipur, District Raipur Chhattisgarh.

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2 - Station House Officer P.S. Kotwali Jagdalpur, District Bastar Chhattisgarh.

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--- Respondent(s)

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For Petitioner(s) : Mr. T.K.Jha, Advocate. For Respondent(s) : Mr. Malay Jain, Panel Lawyer

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Hon’ble Shri Ramesh Sinha, Chief Justice Hon’ble Shri Bibhu Datta Guru, Judge

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Order on Board

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Per Ramesh Sinha, Chief Justice

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11/06/2025

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1. Heard Mr. T.K.Jha, learned counsel for the petitioners, Mr. Malay Jain, Panel Lawyer for the State/respondents No. 1 and 2 as well as Mr. Gaurav Singhal, learned counsel for the complainant/respondent No. 3.

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2. By these petitions under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, the petitioners seek quashing of the FIR bearing Crime No. 277/2023 registered at Police Station Kotwali, District Bastar for the offence punishable under Section 498-A, 34 of the Indian Penal Code and the consequential Criminal Case bearing No. 1827/2023 pending in the Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate, Jagdalpur.

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3. The facts, in brief, as projected by the petitioners are that the complainant/respondent No. 3, Smt. Neha Bhardwaj lodged a report at Police Station, Kotwali, Jagdalpur, District Bastar on 18.08.2023 alleging that her marriage was solemnized with petitioner-Akarshan Bhardwaj on 13.03.2019 and after one month of their marriage, the petitioners, who are in-laws and husband started demanding dowry and tortured her

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mentally and physically and also threatened her that they would snatch away her child.

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4. It has been argued by learned counsel for the petitioners that the petitioners {in Cr.M.P. No. 198/2024} are old aged parents of the petitioner {in Cr.M.P. No. 3415/2024} who is the husband of the respondent No. 3/complainant. The respondent No. 3-complainant is not willing to keep her in-laws with her and as such a false complaint has been made and the allegation of demand of dowry and harassment is totally false and fabricated. When the petitioners i.e. the in-laws became perturbed by the behaviour of their daughter-in-law i.e. the complainant, they made a complaint to the Sub Divisional Officer, Raipur on 24.05.2023 under the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 wherein they have alleged that the complainant was threatening them to implicate them in a false case of dowry. The complainant is habitual of lodging complaints as earlier, she had made an allegation against one Sumit Kumar Shukla to have committed rape with her with whom her marriage was fixed earlier, which is evident from perusal of Annexure P/3. The complainant had been residing with her own mother since 08.05.2023 and the complaint was lodged on 18.08.2023 and the allegations relate to the year 2019 for which there is no explanation offered for the delay. The sole intention of the complainant was to live separately from her in-laws only. The complaint was lodged by the respondent No. 3 only after the in-laws lodged a complaint before the Sub Divisional Officer, Raipur on 24.05.2023 and as such, both these petitions deserve to be allowed.

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5. On the other hand, Mr. Jain, learned counsel for the State/respondent No. 1 and 2 submits that the police has investigated the matter and after

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prima facie finding offence being made out against the petitioners, charge sheet was filed and now it is for the learned trial Court concerned to proceed with the matter.

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6. Mr. Gaurav Singhal, learned counsel for the respondent No. 3/ complainant/wife {in Cr.M.P. No. 198/2024} submits that the learned trial Court has not committed any error by taking cognizance of the charge sheet filed by the police and as such, these petitions deserve to be dismissed.

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7. We have heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the documents appended with petition.

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8. This Court, vide order dated 17.12.2024 had directed the petitionerhusband to deposit a sum of Rs. 50,000/- with the Mediation Centre of this High Court, which was further directed to be paid to the respondent No. 3-wife and interim protection to the effect was granted to the petitioners that till the next date of listing, further proceedings pending before the learned Chief Judicial Magistate Jagdalpur, in Criminal Case No. 1827/2023 against the petitioners in both the cases shall remain stayed. The matter was again listed on 22.01.2025 when the interim relief granted earlier was directed to be continued until further orders. As per the report of the Mediator dated 20.01.2025, the mediation proceedings between the parties have failed.

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9. In the matter of Geeta Mehrotra and another v. State of Uttar Pradesh and another¹ , the Supreme Court has held that casual reference to the family member of the husband in FIR as co-accused particularly when there is no specific allegation and complaint did not disclose their active involvement. It was held that cognizance of matter

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1 (2012) 10 SCC 741

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against them for offence under Sections 498-A, 323, 504 and 506 of the IPC would not be justified as cognizance would result in abuse of judicial process.

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10. In the matter of K. Subba Rao and others v. State of Telangana represented by its Secretary, Department of Home and others² the Supreme Court delineated the duty of the criminal Courts while proceeding against relatives of victim's husband and held that the Court should be careful in proceeding against distant relatives in crime pertaining to matrimonial disputes and dowry deaths and further held that relatives of husband should not be roped in on the basis of omnibus allegations, unless specific instances of their involvement in offences are made out.

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11. In the matter of Rashmi Chopra v. State of Uttar Pradesh and Another³ , it has been held by the Supreme Court relying upon the principle of law laid down in State of Haryana and others v. Bhajan Lal and others⁴ that criminal proceedings can be allowed to proceed only when a prima facie offence is disclosed and further held that judicial process is a solemn proceeding which cannot be allowed to be converted into an instrument of oppression or harassment and the High Court should not hesitate in exercising the jurisdiction to quash the proceedings if the proceedings deserve to be quashed in line of parameters laid down by the Supreme Court in Bhajan Lal (supra) and further held that in absence of specific allegation regarding anyone of the accused except common and general allegations against everyone, no offence under Section 498A IPC is made out and quashed the charges

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3 2019 SCC OnLine SC 620

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4 1992 Supp (1) SCC 335

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2 (2018) 14 SCC 452

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for offence under Section 498A of the IPC being covered by category seven as enumerated in Bhajan Lal (supra) by holding as under:-

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“24. Coming back to the allegations in the complaint pertaining to Section 498A and Section 3/4 of D.P. Act. A perusal of the complaint indicates that the allegations against the appellants for offence under Section 498A and Section 3/4 of D.P. Act are general and sweeping. No specific incident dates or details of any incident has been mentioned in the complaint. The complaint having been filed after proceeding for divorce was initiated by Nayan Chopra in State of Michigan, where Vanshika participated and divorce was ultimately granted. A few months after filing of the divorce petition, the complaint has been filed in the Court of C.J.M., Gautam Budh Nagar with the allegations as noticed above. The sequence of the events and facts and circumstances of the case leads us to conclude that the complaint under Section 498A and Section 3/4 of D.P. Act have been filed as counter blast to divorce petition proceeding in State of Michigan by Nayan Chopra.

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25. There being no specific allegation regarding any one of the applicants except common general allegation against everyone i.e. “they started harassing the daughter of the applicant demanding additional dowry of one crore” and the fact that all relatives of the husband, namely, father, mother, brother, mother’s sister and husband of mother’s sister have been roped in clearly indicate that application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. was filed with a view to harass the applicants.....”

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12. The Apex Court, in Payal Sharma v. State of Punjab & Another {Cr.A. No. 4773/2024, decided on 26.11.2024} had, relying on the decision in Geeta Mehrotra (supra), Kahkashan Kausar @ Sonam & Others v. State of Bihar & Others {(2022) 6 SCC 599}, Bhajan Lal (supra), and Umesh Kumar v. State of Andhra Pradesh & Another {(2013) 10 SCC 591}, had quashed the FIR and the consequential proceedings emanating therefrom.

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13. Very recently, the Apex Court, in Dara Lakshmi Narayan & Others v. State of Telangana & Another {Cr.A. No. 5199 of 2024, decided on 10.12.2024}, has observed as under:

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“ 25. A mere reference to the names of family members in a criminal case arising out of a matrimonial dispute, without specific allegations indicating their active involvement should be nipped in the bud. It is a well-recognised fact, borne out of judicial experience, that there is often a tendency to implicate all the members of the husband’s family when domestic disputes arise out of a matrimonial discord. Such generalised and sweeping accusations unsupported by concrete evidence or particularised allegations cannot form the basis for criminal prosecution. Courts must exercise caution in such cases to prevent misuse of legal provisions and the legal process and avoid unnecessary harassment of innocent family members. In the present case, appellant Nos.2 to 6, who are the members of the family of appellant No.1 have been living in different cities and have not resided in the matrimonial house of appellant No.1 and respondent No.2 herein. Hence, they cannot be dragged into criminal prosecution and the same would be an abuse of the process of the law in the absence of specific allegations made against each of them.

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26. In fact, in the instant case, the first appellant and his wife i.e. the second respondent herein resided at Jollarpeta, Tamil Nadu where he was working in Southern Railways. They were married in the year 2015 and soon thereafter in the years 2016 and 2017, the second respondent gave birth to two children. Therefore, it cannot be believed that there was any harassment for dowry during the said period or that there was any matrimonial discord. Further, the second respondent in response to the missing complaint filed by the first appellant herein on 05.10.2021 addressed a letter dated 11.11.2021 to the Deputy Superintendent of Police, Thirupathur Sub Division requesting for closure of the said complaint as she had stated that she had left the matrimonial home on her own accord owing to a quarrel with the appellant No.1 because of one Govindan with whom the second respondent was in contact over telephone for a period of ten days. She had also admitted that she would not repeat such acts in future. In the above conspectus of facts, we find that the allegations of the second respondent against the appellants herein are too far-fetched and are not believable.

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27. xxx xxx xxx

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28. The inclusion of Section 498A of the IPC by way of an amendment was intended to curb cruelty inflicted on a woman by her husband and his family, ensuring swift intervention by the State. However, in recent years, as there have been a notable rise in matrimonial disputes across the country, accompanied by growing discord and tension within the institution of marriage, consequently, there has been a

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growing tendency to misuse provisions like Section 498A of the IPC as a tool for unleashing personal vendetta against the husband and his family by a wife. Making vague and generalised allegations during matrimonial conflicts, if not scrutinized, will lead to the misuse of legal processes and an encouragement for use of arm twisting tactics by a wife and/or her family. Sometimes, recourse is taken to invoke Section 498A of the IPC against the husband and his family in order to seek compliance with the unreasonable demands of a wife. Consequently, this Court has, time and again, cautioned against prosecuting the husband and his family in the absence of a clear prima facie case against them.

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29. We are not, for a moment, stating that any woman who has suffered cruelty in terms of what has been contemplated under Section 498A of the IPC should remain silent and forbear herself from making a complaint or initiating any criminal proceeding. That is not the intention of our aforesaid observations but we should not encourage a case like as in the present one, where as a counterblast to the petition for dissolution of marriage sought by the first appellant-husband of the second respondent herein, a complaint under Section 498A of the IPC is lodged by the latter. In fact, the insertion of the said provision is meant mainly for the protection of a woman who is subjected to cruelty in the matrimonial home primarily due to an unlawful demand for any property or valuable security in the form of dowry. However, sometimes it is misused as in the present case.

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30. In the above context, this Court in G.V. Rao vs. L.H.V. Prasad, (2000) 3 SCC 693 observed as follows:

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“12. There has been an outburst of matrimonial disputes in recent times. Marriage is a sacred ceremony, the main purpose of which is to enable the young couple to settle down in life and live peacefully. But little matrimonial skirmishes suddenly erupt which often assume serious proportions resulting in commission of heinous crimes in which elders of the family are also involved with the result that those who could have counselled and brought about rapprochement are rendered helpless on their being arrayed as accused in the criminal case. There are many other reasons which need not be mentioned here for not encouraging matrimonial litigation so that the parties may ponder over their defaults and terminate their disputes amicably by mutual agreement instead of fighting it out in a court of law where it takes years and years to conclude and in that process the parties lose their “young” days in chasing their “cases” in different courts.”

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31. Further, this Court in Preeti Gupta vs. State of Jharkhand (2010) 7 SCC 667 held that the courts have to be extremely careful and cautious in dealing with these complaints and must take pragmatic realities into consideration while dealing with matrimonial cases. The allegations of harassment by the husband’s close relatives who had been living in different cities and never visited or rarely visited the place where the complainant resided would have an entirely different complexion. The allegations of the complainant are required to be scrutinized with great care and circumspection .

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32. We, therefore, are of the opinion that the impugned FIR No.82 of 2022 filed by respondent No.2 was initiated with ulterior motives to settle personal scores and grudges against appellant No.1 and his family members i.e., appellant Nos.2 to 6 herein. Hence, the present case at hand falls within category (7) of illustrative parameters highlighted in Bhajan Lal. Therefore, the High Court, in the present case, erred in not exercising the powers available to it under Section 482 CrPC and thereby failed to prevent abuse of the Court’s process by continuing the criminal prosecution against the appellants. ”

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Observing the aforesaid, the Apex Court quashed the FIR, the charge sheet and the consequential criminal proceedings pending before the learned trial Court.

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14. In the complaint so made, the complainant/respondent No. 3 has only made omnibus and general allegations against the petitioners, especially her in-laws Manoj Bhardwaj as well as Smt. Niraj @ Neeru Bhardwaj without there being full particulars about date and place that the petitioners, including the husband, treated her with cruelty for not giving sufficient dowry. There is no specific allegation regarding anyone of the petitioners except common and general allegations that they demanded dowry.

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15. Considering the submissions of the learned counsel for the parties, material available on record, perusing the FIR in which no specific allegations have been made and only bald and omnibus allegations have been made against the petitioners, we are of the considered opinion that

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prima-facie no offence under Section 498A, 34 of the IPC is made out for prosecuting petitioners-Manoj Bhardwaj and Smt. Niraj @ Neeru Bhardwaj {in Cr.M.P. No. 198/2024} for the above-stated offences.

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16. As a fallout and consequence of the above-stated legal analysis, Criminal Case No. 1827/2023 pending in the Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate, Jagdalpur, District Bastar, arising out of FIR bearing Crime No. 277/2023, registered at Police Station, Kotwali, District Bastar, for the offences under Section 498-A and 34 of the IPC, is hereby quashed so far it relates to petitioners, namely Manoj Bhardwaj and Smt. Niraj @ Neeru Bhardwaj. However, the prosecution against the petitionerhusband Akarshan Bhardwaj shall go on. The trial Court concerned will decide the criminal case pending against petitioner Akarshan Bhardwaj strictly in accordance with law without being influenced by any of the observations made herein above.

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17. As a result, Cr.M.P. No. 198/2024 stands allowed and Cr.M.P. No. 3415/2024, stands dismissed .

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Sd/Sd/(Bibhu Datta Guru) (Ramesh Sinha) JUDGE CHIEF JUSTICE

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Amit

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AMIT KUMAR DUBEY Digitally signed by AMIT KUMAR DUBEY Date: 2025.06.12 11:16:52 +0530

Manoj Bhardwaj v. State of Chhattisgarh

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Manoj Bhardwaj v. State of Chhattisgarh

Case brief

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