Article 13(3)(a) of the Constitution states that law includes "any ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having in the territory of lndia the lorce of law',. Clauses (2) ro (6) of Arricle l9 make no distinction between the la$. made b-r tl.re iegislature and the subordinatc lcgislirrion ior the purpose of placing the restrictions on the cxercise of the respective fundamental rights mentir,rncd in Article 19(1)(a) to (g). We are concerned in thc present case r,,.irh clause (6) of Article 19. It u.ill be apparent from the said clause that it only speaks of,,operation of any cxisting law insofar as it imposes ...,,,,from making any law imposing" reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the rights conferred by Article i9(l)(9). There is nothing in this provision which makes it imperative to impose the restrictions in question only by a law enacted by the legislature. Hence the restrictions in question can also be imposed by any subordinate legislation so long as such legislation is not violative of any provisions of the Constitution. This is apart from the fact that the trade or business in potable liquor is a trade or business in res ertra commercium and hence can be regulated and restricted even by executive order provided it is issued by the Governor of the State. We, thereforc. ansNer rhe question accordinglv."
