Accused claimed juvenile status in a kidnapping-for-ransom and murder case. The Supreme Court held that ransom calls continued after the victim's death made the offence a continuing offence under Section 472 Cr.P.C.; the last ransom call date fixed age, so the Juvenile Justice Act did not apply. Petition dismissed.
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[2010] 9 S.C.R. 1076
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VIKAS CHAUDHARY
v.
STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & 'ANR.
(SLP (Crl.) No. 8628 of 2009)
AUGUST 11, 2010
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[ALTAMAS KABIR AND DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, JJ.)
Penal Code, 1860 - s. 364A - Abduction for ransom - c Victim killed - Ransom calls made even after the death of the victim - Held: Offence uls. 364A does not stand abrogated upon death of the victim - Continuation of ransom calls made even after the death of victim, converts the offence into a continuing offence uls. 472 Cr.P. C. - Code of Criminal o Procedure, 1973 - s. 472.
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 - Applicability of the Act - Offence u/s. 364A /PC - Continuous ransom calls - Held: The relevant date- for determining the age of the accused would be the last date on E which ransom call was made - On facts, the accused was not a juvenile on the date when the last call was made - Thus, the Act not applicable - Penal Code, 1860 - s. 364A.
It was alleged that petitioner-accused and the coF accused abducted the son of the complainant. They committed murder of the victim and even after his death, kept on giving phone-calls to the parents of the deceased demanding ransom money.
During trial, at the stage of recording of the evidence, G the petitioner-accused moved an applicatiol), for transferring his case to Juvenile Justice Board, on the ground that at the time of commission of the offence, he was a juvenile. The application was dismissed. In
1076
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VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & 1077 ANR.
Revision, High Court remanded the matter to trial court. On remand also, the trial court held that the petitioneraccused was not a juvenile on the date of the offence. The Revision Petition against the order was allowed by High Court.
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The trial of the petitioner-accused was separated and transferred to Juvenile Justice Board. The Supreme Court set aside the order of the High Court, whereby it had transferred the case of the petitioner-accused to Juvenile Court and remanded the matter to trial court for deciding the issue in the light of s. 472 Cr.P.C.
The trial court held that the offence of murder coupled with abduction could be considered to be a continuing offence; and that the last date on which the ransom call was made, would be the relevant date from which the age of the petitioner-accused was to be counted to determine the applicability of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000. Revision Petition against the order was dismissed by High Court.
In the instant Special Leave Petition, the questions for consideration were: whether making of ransom calls, even after the death of the victim, was a· continuing offence as to attract provisions u/s. 364A IPC; and whether Juvenile Justice Act is applicable to the case of the petitioner-accused.
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Dismissing the petition, the Court
HELD: 1.1 It is not correct to say that the offence u/ s. 364A IPC stood abrogated upon the death of the victim. The continuation of ransom calls being made, even after the death of the victim, converts the offence into a continuing offence within the meaning of Section 472 Cr.P.C. [Para 18] [1086-E-F]
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1078 SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[2010] 9 S.C.R.
A 1.2 In the instant case, the main object of the offence committed by the accused was to extort money from the parents of the deceased victim by way of ransom, even after the death of the victim, as is evident from the subsequent phone calls made, asking for ransom. The B offence u/s. 364A IPC did not come to an end only on account of the death of the victim, since ransom calls had been made even though the victim had been killed. [Para 17] (1086-B-C]
2.1 It is true that if the initial date of abduction is taken C to be the date on which the offence u/s. 364A had been committed, as an isolated event, the petitioner would have been a minor within the meaning of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000. However, if the date on which the last ransom call was D made, is taken as the date on which the aforesaid offence was committed, then the petitioner would have ceased to be a minor and the Juvenile Justice Act would not apply to him. [Para 17] (1086-C-D]
E 2.2 If Section 364A IPC and Section 472 Cr.P.C. are read together, it is evident that even after the death of the victim, every time a ransom call was made, a fresh period of limitation commenced. Accordingly, it would be the date on which the last ransom call was made, which has F to be taken to be the date of commission of the offence and, accordingly, the Juvenile Justice Act was no longer applicable to the petitioner, who had attained the age of 18 years by then. [Para 21] [1087-F-G]
State of Bihar vs. Deokaran Nenshi and Anr. AIR 1973 G SC 908; HariRam vs. State of Uttar Pradesh (2009) 13 SCC 211 - referred to.
Case Law Reference:
AIR 1973 SC 908 Referred to.
Para 12
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VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & 1079 ANR.
(2009) 13 sec 211 Referred to. Para 12
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CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : SLP (Crl.) No. 8628 of 2009.
From the Judgment & Order dated 13.03.2009 of the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Crl. Revision Petition No. 61 of 2009 ..
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Mohan Jain, ASG, K.B. Sinha, Sushil Kumar, Anil Karnwal, Anil Sharma, Suresh Shar111a, Aftab Ali Khan, Aditya Kumar, Rakesh Malhotra, Dr. Kailash Chand, P.K. Dey, D.K. Thakur, c · Anil Katiyar for the appearing parties.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
ALTAMAS KABIR, J. 1. Certain issues of legal importance, which call for examination, have surfaced in this otherwise sordid tale.
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2 .. On 18th January, 2003, one Shri Vimal Chadha, resident of C-2/46, Ashok Vihar, Phase II, Delhi, filed a Missing Persons Report with the Ashok Vihar Police Station, Delhi, stating that his son, Parakh Chadha, had left home and had not returned. The next day he lodged F.l.R. No.34/03 at the Ashok Vihar Police Station which was initially registered under Section 364A of the Indian Penal Code on the allegation that a call had been received from an unknown caller demanding Rs.35 lakhs as ransom for the release of his son. The body of Parakh Chadha, who was between the age of 17 and 20 years, was recovered on the same day. Accordingly, on 4th May, 2003 Sections 302/ 201/120-8, read with Section 34 l.P.C., were added in the First Information Report.
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1080 SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[2010] 9 S.C.R.
A continued to receive ransom calls for the release of his son even, thereafter, on 20th January, 2003, 1st February, 2003, 10th March, 2003 and 11th March, 2003. In fact, the said phone calls made to the complainant were also intercepted by the police and the same were also recorded by the complainant. B Subsequently, the voice of the callers was identified by the Central Forensic Science Laboratory Reports as being those of the Petitioner, Vikas Choudhary, and the co-accused, Vikas Sidhu. On 4th May, 2003, the Petitioner was arrested and on a personal search being conducted, a seizure memo of the c recoveries made from his house was prepared and the disclosure statement made by him was recorded. From the seizure memo it is seen that the wrist watch worn by the deceased Parakh Chadha was recovered from the Petitioner while the gold chain which had been worn by the deceased was recovered from the co-accused Vikas Sidhu. It appears from 0 the disclosure statement made by the different accused that after killing the victim his body was thrown in a .drain and was set on fire after sprinkling petrol thereupon. It is on 9th May, 2003, after the accused had been arrested that they disclosed the place where the victim's body had been burnt and from E where some burnt clothing and shoes of the deceased had been recovered and kept in Malkhana of P.S. Kotwali City, Ghaziabad. The complainant identified the clothes and shoes to be that of his son and subsequently also identified the gold chain and the wrist watch which had been worn by his son on F the day of his disappearance and had been recovered from the possession of the Petitioner and the co-accused, Vikas Sidhu, as belonging to his son.
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VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI &1081 ANR. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.]
was commenced on 3rd May, 2005, and on 31st May, 2005, for the first time, the Petitioner herein moved an application before the learned Single Judge for transfer of his case to the Juvenile Justice Board on the ground that he was a juvenile at the time of commission of the offence. A matriculation certificate produced on behalf of the Petitioner showed his date of birth to be 20th December, 1985.
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1082 SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[2010] 9 S.C.R.
A passed in Criminal Appeal No.966/08, this Court set aside the order of the High Court dated 11th September, 2007, allowing the revisicnal application and remanded the matter to the trial court for fresh consideration in the light of Section 472 of the Code of Criminal Procedure ('Cr.P.C.' for short), which B provides for continuing offences and in case of a continuing offence, a fresh period of limitation begins to run at every moment of time during which the offence continues. While remanding the matter to the trial court, this Court observed in paragraph 14 of its judgment as follows:
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"14. It may be true that the prosecution proceeded on the basis that the entire offence had taken place on 18.1.2003. We have, however, been taken through the charge-sheet, from a perusal whereof it appears that the appellant had been getting calls for payment of ransom despite the fact D that the deceased had, in the meanwhile, been killed. It is one thing to say that a missing report has been filed on a particular date b.ut it is another thing to say that in a case of this nature when the actual offence(s) had taken place would remain uncertain. Giving calls for payment of ransom E is an offence. In case of murder coupled with abduction in a given case it may be considered to be a continuous offence."
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VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & 1083 ANR. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.]
on which the ransom call had been made, namely, 11th March, 2003, would have to be taken as the relevant date from which the age of the petitioner was to be counted to determine as to whether he was a minor within the meaning of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, hereinafter referred to as "the Juvenile Justice Act".
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1084 SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[2010] 9 S.C.R.
A eliminated, the very question of an offeryce under Section 364A l.P.C. relating to ransom calls was no longer maintainable and at best, the offence could be said to have been committed under Section 364 l.P .C. On reference to the various definitions of the expression "demand of ransom", a further submission B was made that in all cases the expression had been used in respect of a living person since the object of the ransom was release of the abducted person after payment of such ransom. Reliance was placed on the decision of this Court in State of Bihar vs. Deokaran Nenshi & Anr. [AIR 1973 SC 908], in c support of the contention that once the very object of an offence under Section 364A l.P.C. ceased to exist, it could not be contended that an offence under Section 364A continued to survive. In the said decision, it was observed that continuing offence is distinguishable from an offence which is committed 0once and for all. It is one of those offences which arise out of a failure to obey or comply with a rule or its requirement and which involves a penalty, the liability for which continues until the rule or its requirement is obeyed or complied with. On every occasion that such disobedience or non-compliance occurs and recurs, an offence is committed. Accordingly, the offence as E contemplated under Section 364A l.P.C. came to an end upon the death of the victim and could not be said to be a continuing offence. It was urged that in view of the amendments effected to the definition of "juvenile" in Section 2(k) of the Juvenile Justice Act, which has been clearly considered and explained F in Hari Ram vs. State of Uttar Pradesh [(2009) 13 SCC 211], the petitioner was entitled to the benefit of Sections 12 and t5 thereof.
VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI &1085 ANR. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.]
advanced that the entire offence had been committed on 18th January, 2003, there is no escape from the fact that it has also been established on evidence that the father of the deceased continued to receive calls for payment of ransom, despite the fact that the victim had been killed in the meantime. Mr. Jain urged that not only was the offence extremely grave, but it was further compounded by the conduct of the accused, in continuing to make ransom calls even after he was alleged to have killed the victim.
. 16. The question which, therefore, calls for an answer is whether the High Court was right in holding that the making of ransom calls, even after the death of the victim was a continuing I . I
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1086 SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[2010] 9 S.C.R.
A offence so as to attract the provisions of Section 364A l.P.C.
"364A. Kidnapping for ransom, etc.- Whoever kidnaps G or abducts any person or keeps a person in detention of the such kidnapping or abduction and threatens to cause death or hurt to such person, or by his conduct gives rise to a reasonable apprehension that such person may be put to death or hurt, or causes hurt or death to such person H in order to compel the Government or any foreign State
VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & 1087 ANR. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.]
or international inter-governmental organiza- tion or any other person to do or abstain from doing any act or to pay a ransom, shall be punishable with death, or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine."
"472. Continuing offence.-ln the case of a continuing offence, a fresh period of limitation shall begin to run at every moment of the time during which the offence continues."
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K.K.T.
Special Leave Petition dismissed.
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2 issues framed by the court
Whether ransom calls made after the death of the abducted victim constitute a continuing offence under Section 364A IPC read with Section 472 Cr.P.C.
Which date is relevant for determining the petitioner's age for applicability of the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
State of Bihar vs. Deokaran Nenshi and Anr.Referred¶12
AIR 1973 SC 908 · Who else cites this
Hari Ram vs. State of Uttar PradeshReferred¶12
(2009) 13 SCC 211 · Who else cites this
2 provisions across 2 enactments
Vikas Chaudhary
State of NCT of Delhi
Anr.
Altamas Kabir
Mukundakam Sharma
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
