Union of India and Ors. versus Atam Parkash and Anr.

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[2008] 16 S. C.R.

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SUPREME COURT REPORTS

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*Additional Secretary:1to· the Govt. of India and Ors. v. Smt. Alka Subhash. Gadia and Anr. 1992 Supp (1) SCC 496; Administration of NCT Delhi v. Prem Singh 1995 Supp (4) SCC 252; Sayed Tahet Bawamiya v; Joint Secretary 2000 (8) SCC 630; Union of India and Ors. v. Par~smal Rampuria 1998 B (8) SCC 402; Sunil Fulchand Shah v. Union of India and Ors. 2000 (3) SCC 409; Hare Ram Pandey v. State of Bihar and Ors. 2003 (10) JT 114; Union oflndia v. Amritlal Manchanda and Ors. 2004 (3) sec 75 and Union of India and Ors. v. Vidya Bagaria 2004 (5) sec 577, relied on.

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1.2. The impugned judgment of the High Court is clearly unsustainable and is set aside. The question is as to whether itwou.ld be desirable to take the respondents back fo custody. Such a decision shall be taken by the Government .within two months. [Para 1 O] [613-G]

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CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 1870 of 2008

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·From th~ final Judgment and Order dated 12.9.2005 of the E^{High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh inCrl. W.P.} No. 1185 of 2004. '

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Gopal Subramaniam, A.S.G ... Ms. Aruna Gupta, B.K. Prasad and P. Parmeswaran for the Appellants . F^.. Ravi Shankar Prasad, ChetanDayal, Nikhil Jain andAjay · Pal for te Respondents.

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The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

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DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J. 1. Leave granted.

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Ghallenge in this appeal is to the judgment of a learned Sirigte'Judge . . . of '. . the Punjab . . , . . andHaryana . . . t .. ., ' High Court allowing '. ~ . ~ c • ttie Writ Petition filed by the respondents. Prayer in the writ petition was to quash the detention order dated '1o.5.1_993 .• H^{Stand ofthewrit petitioners before the High Court was that a .}

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UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. v. ATAM PARKASH .A.ND ANR. [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]

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petition.for preventing the respondents in the writ petition from A enforcing the said order was disposed of by order dated 19.7.2002 in Criminlll Writ Petition No. 1408 of 1999. The respondents in the writ petition opposed the same taking the stand that in some other cases the High Court had taken the, view that once the order had become infructuous by lapse of B time, a different yardstick should not have been applied. In the case at hand, the writ petition was, therefore, allowed with the following observations:

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"In view of the above, this petition is allowed and the c respondents are restrained from enforcing order dated 10.5.1993. They will however be at liberty to pass any fresh ·. order, if so required, and take appropriate action thereafter in accordance with law."

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Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that the D judgment of the High Court is contrary in terms. If on one hand it was held that the order dated 10.5.1993 had become infructuous, there was no question of granting a liberty to pass a afresh order. It is pointed out that for a considerable length of time the order of stay was in operation. E

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In Additional Secretary to the Govt. of India and Ors. v. Smt. Alka Subhash Gadia and Anr. case ((1992 Supp (1) sec 496), it was held that courts under Articles 226 and 32 of the Constitution of India, 1950 (in short the 'Constitution') can F interfere at the pre execution stage with the detention order only if they are satisfied that :

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(i) the impugned order is not passed under the Act under which it is purported to have been passed;

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(ii) it is sought to be executed against a wrong person;

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(iii) it is passed for a wrong purpose;

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(iv) it is passed on vague, extraneous and vexatious grounds; or ·

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[2008] 16 S.C.R.

SUPREME COURT REPORTS

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(v) the authority which passed it had no authority to do so.

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. 5 .. ·The position has been re-iterated in Administration of NCT Delhi v. Prem Singh (1995 Supp (4) SCC 252) .and Sayed Taher Bawamiya v. Joint Secretary (2000 (8) SCC 630).

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The question whether the detenu or any one or:i his behalf is entitled to challenge the detention order without the detenu submitting or surrendering to it has been examined by this Court on various occasions. One of the leading judgments c on the subject is Smt. Alka Subhash Gadia's case (supra) In para 12 of the said judgment, it was observed by this Court as under:

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"12. This is not to say that the jurisdiction of the High D Court and the Supreme Court under Articles 226 and 32 respectively has no role to play once the detention - punitiv~ or preventive- is shown to have been made under the Jaw.so made forthe purpose. This is.to point out the limitations; which the High Court and the Supreme Court have to observe while exercising their respective E jurisdiction in such cases. These limitations are normal and well known, and are self-imposed as a matter of prudence; propriety, policy and practice and .re observed while dealing with cases under all laws. Though the Constitution does not place any restriction on these powers, the judicial F . decision have evolved them over a period of years taking int9 .. 6onsicieration the nature of the legislation or of the order or decision complained of, the need to balance the rights and.interests of the individual as against those of the. society, the. circumstances under which and the G . perscms by whom the jurisdiction is invoked, the nature of relief sought, etc. To \llustrate these l:mitations, (i) in the exercie of their discretionary jurisdiction the High Court and the Supreme Court do not, as Courts of appeal or revision, correct mere errors of law or of facts, {ii) the H resort to the said jurisdiction is not permitted as an

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UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. v. ATAM PARKASH AND ANR. [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]

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alternative remedy for relief which may be obtained by suit A or other mode prescribed by statute. Where it is open to the aggrieved person to move another Tribunal or even itself in another jurisdiction for obtaining redress in the manner provided in the statute, the Court does not, by exercising the writ jurisdiction, permit the machinery created by the B statute to be by-passed; (iii) it does not generally enter upon the determination of questions which demand an elaborate examination of evidence to establish the right to enforce which the.writ is claimed; (iv) it does not interfere on the merits with the determination of the issues made c by the authority invested with statutory power, particularly when they relate to matters calling for expertise, unless there are-exceptional circumstances calling for judicial intervention, such as, where the determination is ma/a fide or is prompted by the extraneous considerations or is D made in contravention of the principles of natural justice of any constitutional provision, (v) the Court may also intervene where (a) the authority acting under the concerned law does not have the requisite authority or the order which is purported to have been passed under the E law is not warranted or is in breach of the provisions of the concerned law or the person against whom the action is taken is not the person against whom the order is directed, or (b) when the authority has exceeded its power or jurisdiction or has failed or refused to exercise F jurisdiction vested in it; or (c) where the authority has not applied its mind at all or has exercised its power dishonestly or for an improper purpose; (vi) where the Court cannot grant a final relief, the Court does not entertain petition only for giving interim relief. If the Court is of opinion, that there is no other convenient or efficacious G remedy open to the petitioner, it will proceed to investigate the case on its merit and if the Court ·finds that there is an infringement of the petitioner's legal rights, it will grant final relief but will not dispose of the petition only by granting interim relief (vii) where the satisfaction of the authority is H

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[2008] 16 S.C.R.

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SUPREME COURT REPORTS

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A subjective, the Court intervenes when the authority has acted under the dictates of another body or when the conclusion is arrived at by the application of a wrong test · or misconstruction of a statute or it is not based on material · which is of a rationally probative value and relevant to the B subject matter in respect of which the authority is to satisfy itself. If again the satisfaction is arrived at by taking into consideration material, which the authority properly could not, or by omitting to consider matters, which it sought to have, the Court interferes with the resultant order. (viii) In c proper cases the Court also intervenes when some legal or fundamental right of the individual is seriously threatened, though not actually invaded."

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This Court's decision in Union of India and Ors. v. P{Jrasmal Rampuria (1998 (8) sec 402) throws considerable D light as to what would be the proper course for a person to adopt when he seeks to challenge an order of detention on the available grounds like delayed execution of detention order, delay in consideration of the representation and the like. These questions are really hypothetical in nature when the order of E detention has not been executed at all and the detenu has avoide~ service and incarceration and when challenge is sought to be made at pre-execution stage. It was observed as under:

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"In our view, a very unusual order seems to have been passed in a pending appeal by the Division Bench of the High Court. It is challenged by the Union of India in these appeals. A detention order under Section 3(-1) of the COFEPOSA Act was passed by the authorities on 13.9.1996 against the respondent. The respondent before surrendering 'filed a writ petition in the High Court on · 23: 10.1996 and obtained an interim stay of the proposed · order: .which had remained un-served. The learned Single Judge after hearing the parties· vacated the ad interim relief: Thereafter, the respondent went in appeal.before the

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UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. v. ATAM PARKASH AND 613 ANR. [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]

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Division Bench and again obtained ad interim relief on A 10.1.1997 which was extended from time to time. The writ appeal has not been still disposed of.

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When the writ petition was filed, the respondent had not surrendered. Under these circumstances, the proper B order which was required to be passed was to call upon the respondent first to surrender pursuant to the detention order and then to have all his grievances examined on merits after he had an opportunity to study the grounds of detention and to make his representation against the said grounds as required by Article 22(5) of the Constitution."^c

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In Sunil Fulchand Shah v. Union of India and Ors. (2000 (3) SCC 409) a Constitution Bench of this Court observed that a person may try to abscond and thereafter take a stand that period for which detention was directed is over D and, therefore, order of detention is infructuous. It was clearly held that the same plea even if raised deserved· to be rejected as without substance. It should all the more be so when the detenu stalled the service of the order and/or detention in custody by obtaining orders of Court. In fact, in Sayed Taher's E case (supra) the fact position shows that 16 years had elapsed yet this Court rejected the plea that the order had become stale.

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These aspects were once again highlighted in Hare Ram Pandey v. State of Bihar and Ors. (2003 (10). JT 114), Union of India v. Amritlal Manchanda and Ors. (2004 (3) SCC 75) and Union of India and Ors. v. Vidya Bagaria (2004 (5) sec 577).

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The impugned judgment of the High Court is clearly unsustainable and is set aside. The question is as to whether it would be desirable to take the respondents back to custody. G Such a decision shall be taken by the Government within two months.

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11 . The appeal is allowed.

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Appeal allowed.

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Union of India and Ors. v. Atam Parkash and Anr.

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Union of India and Ors. v. Atam Parkash and Anr.

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