Appeal against conviction for criminal trespass under Section 448 IPC. The Court held that no offence was made out as the complaint lacked allegation of intent to commit an offence. The appeal was allowed as the order was appealable due to the direction to vacate under Section 456 CrPC.
Judgment of High Court set aside; order of Sessions Court restored; bail bond cancelled.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
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871
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SMT. KANW AL SOOD
v.
NAWAL KISHORB.AND ANOTHER· November 26, 1982 · [D.A; DESAI, AND R.B. MISRA JI.)
Criminal tre1spa.rs-Donor re1ening . /ife interest in., the house gifted to the done~Permitting another to re1ide with hlm-Statu14ofthat perSon after the death · of the donor whether.hU occupation would amount to Criminal trespaJ1-Penal Code Section 441 aJ amended by U.P •. Act JI of 1961. ·
. Premise!,. "A.ranaya. Kutir" .. bearing~_ Municipal No. 47A :Jakhan:. in • Dehradun was owned by one Sbri R.C. Sood •. He .executed a gift' deed in favour - or Shree Anand Mayee.Sangh. Dehradun,. with a stipulation that the-donor shall·;. remain in' possession or the premises during -his lif~time and arter his death hi• widow if alive wouJd remaiii in possession.- The management of the same would be taken up b7 the Sangh after their death;
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In 1967, the appellant,. the. widow or_ the brother of Shri R.C. Sood was , invited by ShriSood to .reside with .him-in ,the aforesaid house and ever.since .. she has been resi_ding peacefully_ there. On .10th of- October~ 1973 Shri R.C •. Sood expired. Respondent No. 1;· Shri Nawal ·- Kishore as Secretary of the Anand Mayee Sangh. served a notice dated 13th November, 1973 on the u.ppellant asking her to vacate the premises· immediatelyi and threatening to take criminal action against her on failure to do so, as her further stay in the premises would . be deemed t<? be. in the nature of a criminal trespass. "When the appellant did ...._ not vacate ~be premises, respondent No. 1 filed a complain5 under section 468 'ofJhe PeD.al Code. The Sub·Divisional Magistrate, Mussorie fourid that the coD.tinued stay or the appcUant amounted to criminal trespas!I within the meaning or section 441 of the Penal Code, convicted her under section 448 and sentenced her to pay a fine or Rs. 100 or in lieu thereof to undergo simple imprisonment for 40 days. Jn addition, the learned Magistrate also passed an order dirtcting the appellant to _acate the premises within twO _ months of __ th order, purporting , to be one under section 456 oi the Criminal Procedure Code:
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872
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1983) 1 S.C.11,
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Procedure Code, it is permissible to treat a revision a~ an appeal but not vice versa. Hence the appeal by sp~cial leave.
Allowing the appeal, the Court
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HELD: 1 :1.. In order to satisfy the conditions of section 441 of the . Penal Code, it rn.ust be established that the party, complained of eri.tered in possession over the premises with intent to. commit an offence. Every trespass does not amount to criminal trespass within the meaninS Ofthat section. [875 G]
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1:2. Initiating criminal proceedings in the circumstances of this instant case is only an abuse of the process of the court. This is essentialTy a civil matter which could be properly adjudicated uPon by a competent civil court. (a) The appellant was' allowed to occtlpy tho premises in 1967 by Mr. Sood perhaps on •tease and license' basis. (b) A bare perusal of the complaint filed by : Respondent No. 1 makes it abundantly clear that there is absolutely no allegation about the intention of the appetlant to commit any offence, or to intimidate, insult or annoy any person in possession ; and (c) If a suit for eviction is filed in the civil court, the appellant, who may be fondly thinking that she had a right to occupy the premises even after the death of Shri Sood, might be in a position to vindicate her right and justify hei p_ossCssion. f87S E-H, 876 A, E-F]
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 69 of 1981
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Appeal by special leave from the Judgment and order dated - the 16th·December, 1980 of the Allahabad High Court in Criminal Appeal No. 342 of 1976. ~
Soli J. Sorabjee, R.K. Jain, R.P. Singh and Natin Mohan Popli for the Appellant.
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P.R. Mridul, Praveen Kumar, A.K. Sharma and Da/veer Bhandari for the Respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
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KA NW AL SOOD v; NA WAL KISH ORE (Misra, J.) 873
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dated 16th December, 1980, convicting the appellant under section 448 of the Indian Penal Code.
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Premises Aranya Kutir bearing Municipal No. 47 A Jakhan · in Dehra Dun was owned' by one R.5C. Sood. He executed a gift· deed in favour of Shri Anand Maye! Sangh, Debra Dun with the stipulation that 'the donor shall remain in possession of the premises during his life time and after his death his widow if alive jVould remain in possession. The management of the same would be taken up by· the Sangh after their death .
. The appellant is the widow of the brother of Shri R.C Sood. It appears that in 1967 the appellant was invited by· Shri R.C. Sood to reside with him in the aforesaid house and ever since she has been residing peacefully there. On 10th of October, 1973, Shri R.C. Sood ·expired. The appellant, however, continued to live in the said ·house.
Respondent No. I, Shri Nawal Kishore as Secretary of the ·aforesaid Sangh served a notice dated 13th November, 1973 on the appellant asking her to vacate the premises in dispute immediately, failing which a criminal action under section 448. of the Indian Penal Code would be taken against .her as her further stay in the premises would be .deemed to be in the nature of a criminal trespass. The appellant, however,' did not vacate the premises as she was convinced that her stay in the said premises could not amount to criminal trespass.
·Respondent No. l, Shri Nawal Kishore thereupon filed a complaint under section 448 of the. Indian Penal Code against the· appellant in the Court of Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Mussoorie. He examined himself as P. W. I and also produced Shri K. Bose as P.W,2. .
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The appellant in her statement under section ·313, as well as in her statement as a witness D. W. I admitted the s~rvices of notice on her but denied that any criminal action was called for. .She further stated that she had met Anand Mayee who had permitted her to live in the house.
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·The learned Magistrate, however, took .ihe view that the · premises in dispute has been vested in \h' A,nand Mayee Sangh b}' ' ' . ' ~
[1983] I S.C.R
, 874
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
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/f' virtue ·0f the gift-deed and a notice to vacate having been served upon. the appe!an.t, the continued stay of the appellant in the said premises amounted to a criminal trespass within the meaning of section 441 of the Indian Penal Code. He accordingly convicted the appellant under section 448 to the Indian Penal Code and sentenced her to pay a fine of Rs. JOO and in default to undergo 8 simple imprisonment for 40 days. In addition, the learned Magistrate also passed an order directing the appellant to vacate the premises within two months of tbe passing of the order, purporting to be one under section 456 of the Criminal Procedure Code.
The. appellant feeling aggrieved by the order of the learned Magistrate went up in appeal and took up various grounds. The learned Sessions Judge allowed the appeal, set aside the order of the learned Magistrate and ·acquitted the appellant by his judgment dated 19th August, 1975. Respondent J'!o. I Shri Nawa\ Kishore assailed the order of acquittal by filing criminal appeal in the High D Court and the High Court_ in its turn allowed the appeal and reversed the order of acquittal passed by the learned Sessions Judge and convicted the appellant. In the opinion of the High Court the appeal filed by the appellant before the Sessions _Judge was incompetent as no appeal could lie against the imposition of fine. It also took the view under the provisions of section 401(5) of the E Criminal Procedure Code it is permissible to treat a revision as an appeal but not vice versa. It therefore, declined to treat the appeal against the order of Magistrate as a revision. The High Court further expressed the opinion that the appellant may file a revision if she so chooses which w-0uld be con~idered by the Court of Admission and then if proper the same may be allowed. The f appellant feeling aggrieved by the judgment of the High Court has filed the present appeal with the special leave as stated earlier.
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Shri Soli J. Sorabji appearing for the appellant has contended that on the allegations made in the complaint no offence under section 441 of the In.dian Penal Code is made out. In order to G appreciate the contention it will be appropriate at this stage to read sec! ion 441 of tlie Indian Penal Code :
"441. Criminal trespass :Whoever enters into or upon property in the possession of another with .intent to H commit an offence or to intimidate, insult or annoy any person in possession of such property, or having lawfully ¢ntered into or upon such property, unlawfully rmains
KANWAL SOOD v. NAWAL KISHORB (Misra, J.) 875
there with intent thereby to intimate., insult or annoy any such person, or with intent to commit an offence, is said to commit '~criminal trespass".
There has been local ameydment by U.P. Act 31of1961 for section 441 of the Indian · Penal Code, 1960, the following shall be substituted_.:
"441. Criminal Trespass :-Whoever enters into or upon property in possession of another with intent to ··commit· an offence or lo intimidiate, insult or annoy any person in possession of such property, or, having lawftilly enter.ed into or upon· such property, unlawfully remains there with intent thereby to intimidiate, insult or annoy any such ·person, or with intent to commit an offence, or having entered into or upon· such property, whether before or after the coming into force of the Criminal Law (U.P. Amendment) Act, 1961; with the inteniion of taking unauth6rised possession or making unauthorised use of such property fails to withdraw from such property, or its possession or use when called' upon' to do 'so by that another person by notice in writing, duly served upon him, by the date specified in the notice, is said to commit; . 'Criminal trespass'. _ · . '
It may be pointed out that the appellant was allowed to occupy' the premiSes in 1967 by Shri R.C. Sood. Under the terins of giftdeed Shri Sood was entitled to remain in occupation of the premises during his life time. He could as well grant, leave and license to the appellant to occupy the premises along with him. Now the question arises about her staius· after the death of Shri R"C. Sood. At the most, it can be said that after the death of Shri Sood the leave and license granted by Shri Sood came to an end and if she· stayed in ihe premises after the death of Shri Sood, her possession. may be that of a trespasser but every. trespass does Bot aniount ·to. criminal trespass within the meaning of. section 441 of the Iadian Penal Code. In order to satisfy the conditions of section· 441 it must be established th1t the appellant entered in' possession over the premises with. intnt to commit an offence. A bare persual. of, the complaint ·filed by Respondent No. l makes it abundantly .clear that there is absolutely no allegation about the intention of the. appellant to commit any offnce - .... or. to intimidate, insult or annoy• " . ' - .
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11983} 1 S.C.ll..
876
SUPRBMB COURT REPORTS
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A any person in possession, as will be evident from three material paragraphs which are quoted b_elow :
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The appellant may be fondly thinking that she had a right to occupy the premises even after the death of Shri R.C. Sood. If a .. suit for eviction is filed in Civil Court she might be in a position to vindicate her right and justify. her possession. This is essentially a civil matter which could be properly adjudicated upon by a F competent Civil Court. To initiate criminal proceedings in the circumstances appears to be only an abuse of tne process of the Court·
We also do not agree with the view taken by the Court that the appeal filed by the appellant before the Sessions Judge was G incompetent. If the learned Magistrate had only awarded a sentence of fine, in that case revision ~lone would be competent and not an appeal but in the instant case the Magistrate not only awarded the fine "of.Rs. 100 but also directed the appellant to vacate the premises within two months from the date onhe order. This part of the order presumably was passed under section 456 of the Criminal H Procedure Code, and this made the order appealable and ihe High Court has gone wrong in holding that appeal filed by the appellant l>efore I• • L < the Sessions Judge , ·r · · , was ··pot maintainable. ··' ·
KANWAL SOOD v. NA WAL imiioae (Misra, i.) s77
There were certain other pleas taken by the resporidpnt before the High Court but it is not necessary to refer to those pleas in the "view that we have 'taken that on -the complaint itself no offence under section 448 of the Indian Penal Code is made out.
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For the foregoing discussion, the appeal must succeed. ·It is accordingly allowed. The judgment of the High Court dated 16th December, 1980 is set aside and that of the Court of Sessions is restored. · The bail bond if any" shall be cancelled.
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S.R. Appeal allowed.
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2 issues framed by the court
Whether continued residence of a widow in a gifted premises after the donor's death amount to criminal trespass under Section 441 IPC.
Whether an appeal lies against a conviction under Section 448 IPC when the sentence includes a fine and a direction to vacate under Section 456 CrPC.
2 provisions across 1 enactments
Kanwal Sood
Nawal Kishore
R.B. Misra
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
