Habeas corpus petition under Article 32 challenging a preventive detention order made while the detenu was already in custody. The court found the order mechanically made without awareness of the detenu's jail custody and an unexplained 21-day delay in dealing with his representation.
Impugned detention order dated April 20, 1982 quashed and set aside.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
630
/
A
DEVI LAL MAHTO
v.
STATE OF BIHAR AND ANR.
B
October 18, 1982
[D.A. DESAI AND R.B. MISRA, JJ.]
National Security Act, 1980-Sub·s. (2) read wi1h sub-s. (3) ofs. 3- c Detention Order-Detenu already in jail-Detliining authority uf!.aware-lnordinate delay in considering detenils rep;esentation-Validity.
The petitioner who had- been arrested on March 2, 1982 and whose application for bail had been rejected on March 25, 1982 was in jail when the District Magistrate, Dhanbad made the impilgned order of detention against him on APril 20, 19~2 under sub-s. (2) read with sub-s. (3) of s. 3 of the National 0 Security Act, 1980. Another application for bail moved by the petitioner was rejected on April 23, 1982. The grounds of detention were served on April 23, 1982 and the representation submitted. to the State Government on May 13, 1982 was rejected on June 3, 1982 and the order of detention was confirmed on June 10, 1982.
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lt was contended that the impugned order could not have been made E against the petitioner as he was already in jail, that the order was vitiated by non· application of mind as the detaining authority was not even aware of the petitioner's custody in jail and as there was inordinate delay in considering the repr~sentation against the order,.
Allowing the petition,
HELD : When a preventive detention order is made against a person already deprived of hi~ personal liberty, the detaining authority .must show awareness of the fact that the person against whom the detention order is~ - proposed to be made is already in jail and is incapable of acting in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public Order and yet, for reasons which may appeal to thi: detaining authority on which its subjective satisfaction is grounded, a preventive detention order is required to be made. This awareness must appear G in the order or in the affidavit justifyiµg the order when challenged. [633 A-BJ
In the instant case neither in the order nor in the affidavit was there even a whimper of this aspect being present to the mind of the deiaiaing authority while making the order. The order having been mechanically made and suffering from the vice of non-application of mind-was Vitiated. [633 C] H
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Rameshwar Shaw v. District Magistrate, Burdwan & Anr. (1964] 4 S.C.R. 9?1; Vijay Kumar v. Stal• of J&K and Ors. AIR 1982 SC. 1023; Biru Mahto v.
DEVI LAL v. BIHAR (Desai, J.)
631
District Magist~ate, Dhanbad, [1983] 1 S.C.R. 584 and M. Satyanarayana, etc. v. Star. of Andhra Pradesh & Ors. [1983] I S.C.R. 635 followed.
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(b) When a detention order is made in exercise of the power conferred by sub-s. (2) read with sub-s. (1) ofs. 3 of the Act, sub-s. (4) makes it obligatory upon the State Government to examine the order and approve the same within a period of 12 days from the date of making the order. [633 0-H] · · In the facts and circumstances of the instant case, a time of 21 days taken by the State Government in examining the representation of the detenu Showed inordinate delay which vitiate~ the order. [634 BJ ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 107S of 1982.
(Under article 32 of the Constitution of India)
8
c
V.J. Francis for the Petitioner.
S.N. Jha for the Respondent.
D
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The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
DESAI, J. On October 4, 1982, we quashed and set aside the impugned detention order dated April 20, 1982, in respect of detenu Devi Lal Mahto, reserving the giving of the reasons for our order to a later date. Here are the reasons.
E
This is a petition under Article 32 for.a writ of hebeas corpus filed by detenu Devi Lal Mahto challenging the order of preventive deteniion dated April 20, 1982, made ~Y the District Magistrate, Dhanbad. F ---...,_. · '-, Detenu Devi Lal Mabto was arrested on March 2, 1982, and, • ·} was produced before the Chief Magistrate, Dhanbad, who remanded him to jail custody till March 17, 1982. On March 1982, detenu moved an application for bail which was fixed .for hearing on March G 24, 1982. On March 25, 1982 the bail application was rejected. On April 20, 1982, the District Magistrate, Dhanbad, made the impugned order of detention in exercise of the power conferred by sub's. (2) read with sub-s. (3) of s. 3 of the National Security Act, 1980 ('Act' > for short). The District Magistrate stated in his order that with a view H to preventing the detenu from acting in a manner prejudicial -to the maintenance of public order he be detained. Grounds of detenti?n
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632
[1983) 1 s.c.R.
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
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A
were served upon the detenu on April 23, 1982. Another application for bail moved bi detenu was rejected on April 23, 1982. On May 13, 1982 the detenu submiUed his representation. to the State Government which came to be rejected by the State Government on ·June 3, 1982. The order of detention was confirmed by the State Government on June 10, 1982.
B
Mr. V.J. Francis, learned counsel who appeared for the petitioner canvassed three contentions before us. They are : (i) tbe detenu being already deprived of his personal liberty having been confined in jail from March 2, 1982; and his bail application having already been rejected on March 25, 1982, he was not even if so c inclined, in a position to repeat his activity and therefore, the preven· tive detention order could not be made against him with a view to preventing him from indulging into · activity prejudicial to the maintenance of public order ; (ii) the detaining authority was not even aware that the detenu was already in jail when he made the D impugned detention order and, therefore, the order suffers from the · vice of non-application of mind which would vitia_te the order ; and (iii) there was inordinate delay which has remained unexplained in considering the representation of ·the detenu and, therefore, the detention order is vitiated.
E
Undoubtedly, for a period of one month and 18 days the detenu . was in jail, his bail application having been rejected nearly 25 days before the date of the impugned detention order. ·It is difficult to appreciate how the District Magistrate was subjectively satisfied that a·deiention order in respect of the detenu was necessary with a view to preventing him from acting· in a manner prejudicial to the mainF tenance of public order. This aspect we have most meiiculously examined in four decisions of this Court, and therefore, we need not examine the same again. As early as in Rameshwar Sha)V v. District Magistrate, Burdwan & Anr.,(') and as late as Vijay Kumar v. State ·of J & Kand Ors.('), the two· recent most decisions in Biru Mahato v. District Magistrate, Dhanbad('), and M. Satyanarayana, etc. v. G State of Andhra Pradesh & Ors.,(') it ·has been held that one can envisage a hypothetical case in which a preventive detention order
(I) .[19641 4 SCR 921. (2) A.J.R. 1982 S.C. 1023. (J)°[l983] J ·s.C.R. 584 (4) [1983] 1 S.C.R. 635.
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DEVI LAL v. BIHAR (Desai, J.)
633
A
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may have to be made against a person a.lready deprived of his personal liberty by being confined or detained in jail but in such a situation the detaining authority must show awareness of this fact that the person against whom the detention order is proposed. to be made is already in jail and is incapable of acting in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order and yet for the reasons which may appeal to the District Magistrate on which bis subjective satisfaction is grounded a preventive detention order is required to be made. It is further held that this awareness must appear either in the order or in the affidavit justifying the impugned detention order when challenged. Neither.in the order nor in the affidavit we find even a whimper of this aspect being present to the mind of the . detaining authority while making the detention order. Therefore, it clearly discloses non-application of mind and followlng the aforementioned decisions it must be held that the order of preventive" . detention having been mechanically· made and suffering from the vice of non-application of mind is vitiated.
The last contention is that there was an inordinate delay in · · considering the representation of the detenu and, therefore, the detention order is vitiated. The detenu made a representation on May 13, 1982. fr also transpires that the case of the detenu was referred to the Advisory Boar<;! on May 15, I 982. The affidavit in reply. recites that the ·representation was rejected by the State Government on June·3, 1982. How the representation was dealt at various levels from May 13, to June 3, bas not been dealt with in the affidavit on behalf of the respondents. It may be mentioned here that the counter-affidavit on behalf of the respondents has been filed by one G.P.A. Kujur who bas described himself as Deputy Collector of Dhanbad. Obviously he was not .the detaining authority. Tho ~taining authority though impleaded as a respondent has not filed tile affidavit. Mr. Jha, learned counsel who appeared for the respondents after referring to the file with him urged that the representation was received on May J 4, 1982 and it. was on May 24, 1982, that its examination commenced. There was no further detail available as to bow it was dealt with. When. a detention order is made by tho · District Magistrate in exercise of the power conferred by sub-s. (2) read with sub-s. (3) of s. 3 of the Act, sub-s. (4) makes it obligatory upon the State Government to examine the order and approve the same within a period of 12 days from ·the date of making of the order. There is a proviso appended to the section which ·is not relevant. There is nothing to ·show that the order was approved,
B
c
D
E
F
G
H
(1983] 1 s.c.R.
634
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
A There is nothing to show why for a period of 10 days the representation was not examined by .the competent authority. There is not.bing to show how the file moved after May 24, 1982, till the representation was rejected on June 3, 1982. In our opinion in the facts and circumstances of this case a time of 21 days taken py tbe State Government in examining tbe representation of the detcnu B made under s. 8 of the Act shows inordinate delay in dealing with the representation and that would vitiate the order.
For these reasons we had quashed and set aside the impugned detention order. H.L.C. Petition allowed.
T
2 issues framed by the court
Was the detention order valid when the detenu was already in jail with bail rejected and the detaining authority showed no awareness of his custody?
Did the State Government's 21-day delay in examining the detenu's representation vitiate the detention order?
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Rameshwar Shaw v. District Magistrate, Burdwan & Anr.Followed
[1964] 4 S.C.R. 921 · Who else cites this
Vijay Kumar v. State of J&K and Ors.Followed
A.I.R. 1982 S.C. 1023 · Who else cites this
Biru Mahto v. District Magistrate, DhanbadFollowed
[1983] 1 S.C.R. 584 · Who else cites this
M. Satyanarayana, etc. v. State of Andhra Pradesh & Ors.Followed
[1983] 1 S.C.R. 635 · Who else cites this
4 provisions across 2 enactments
Devi Lal Mahto
State of Bihar
D.A. Desai
R.B. Misra
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
