Dismissed¶61

Shyam Charan v. Sheoji Bhai & Another

Supreme Court12 Oct 19771977 INSC 200 · [1978] 1 S.C.R. 7101977 INSC 200

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Retrospective definition of 'tenant' s. 2(i) MP Accommodation Control Act 1961; statutory tenant; mesne profits from termination of lease versus date of eviction decree; places of entertainment exempt under s. 2(1)(d) of the 1955 Act; s. 51(1)-(2) repeal and savings for pending suits; suit under s. 12 of the Act; pending suit governed by Transfer of Property Act s. 111(a) efflux of time; damages Rs. 4,000/- per month against agreed rent Rs. 1,600/- per month; Chander Kali Bai distinguished; civil appeal by certificate dismissed, no order as to costs.

What did the court decide?

None; appeal dismissed, no order as to costs in this Court. ¶61

Shyam Charan versus Sheoji Bhai & Another — Supreme Court (1978) — LawSathi Research

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

None; appeal dismissed, no order as to costs in this Court.

¶61

Issue for consideration

Whether, in view of the retrospective definition of 'tenant' in clause (i) of section 2 of the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961, the appellant continued in possession as a statutory tenant even after termination of the lease, so that his occupation became unauthorised and wrongful only from the eviction decree of November 3, 1962, and mesne profits could be awarded only from that date. +1 more

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Court's answer

The definition of 'tenant' in s. 2(i) of the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961 is retro-active: it embraces even a person who continued in possession after termination of his tenancy, whether the termination was before or after commencement of the Act; it was meant to cover cases where the contractual tenancy terminated before commencement but the suit was filed after commencement (such a suit being filed under s. 12 of the Act).

¶53

Ratio / Principle

Places of entertainment were exempt from the 1955 Act under s. 2(1)(d), so the suit filed on 25-6-1960 was governed solely by the Transfer of Property Act; the 1961 Act contained nothing making it applicable to such a pending suit, so the parties' rights and liabilities continued to be governed by the Transfer of Property Act even after the 1961 Act came into force, and the retrospective definition of 'tenant' did not make the appellant a tenant within the meaning of the Act.

¶46

Key takeaways

The appellant's continuance in occupation of the accommodation on and from 22-5-1960 was unauthorised and wrongful, and the decree for damages/mesne profits for the period commencing on that date and ending on 4-10-1964, when vacant possession was given up, was rightly awarded.ratio¶53
Having appreciated the evidence and all that was urged on the quantum, the Court found no justifiable ground to reduce the damages below the rate of Rs. 4,000/- per month concurrently determined by the Trial Court and the High Court.ratio¶54

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

Shyam Charan v. Sheoji Bhai & Another (Supreme Court of India, Civil Appeal No. 704 of 1971, decided October 12, 1977; N. L. Untwalia and Jaswant Singh, JJ., judgment by Untwalia, J.) - Appeal by certificate from the judgment and decree dated 4-11-1970 of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in First Appeal No. 37 of 1967 affirming the Trial Court's final decree for mesne profits at Rs. 4,000/- per month from 22-5-1960 (date of determination of lease) to 4-10-1964 (delivery of vacant possession), although the agreed rent was Rs. 1,600/- per month. Held: (1) the definition of 'tenant' in s. 2(i) of the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961 is retro-active, embracing even a person continuing in possession after termination of his tenancy, whether the termination was before or after commencement; it was meant for cases where the contractual tenancy terminated before commencement but the suit was filed after commencement (under s. 12 of the Act); (2) places of entertainment were exempt from the 1955 Act by s. 2(1)(d), so the eviction suit filed on 25-6-1960 was governed solely by the Transfer of Property Act (lease ended by efflux of time, s. 111(a)); the 1961 Act, in force in Raipur from 30-12-1961, did not apply to that pending suit, and the retrospectivity of the definition did not make the occupant a statutory tenant; (3) his occupation from 22-5-1960 was unauthorised and wrongful and mesne profits were rightly awarded up to 4-10-1964; (4) no justifiable ground existed to reduce the concurrently determined rate of Rs. 4,000/- per month. Smt. Chander Kali Bai & Ors. v. Shri Jagdish Singh Thakur, [1978] 1 SCR 625, distinguished. Appeal dismissed; no order as to costs.

710

SHY AM CHARAN

SHEOJI BHAI & ANOTHER

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October 12, 1977

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[N. L. UNTWALIA AND JASWANT SINGH, JJ.]

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Madhya Pradesh Accomfnodation Control Act, 1961, s. 2(1) (d) read with s. 51(1)(2) of 1955 Act-Places of e11tertai11111e11t were excluded fro1n the definition of s. 2(i) under the 1955 Act but made applicable under the Act of 1961 which ca1ne into force on 30th Dece111ber 1961-Whether the benefit under the Act of 1961 wifl apply to earlier suit initiated under the Transfer of Property Act.

¶10

The appellant was the lessee of the premises "Jairam 'fheatre" in the town of Raipur and his lease expired on May 21, 1960. Since the appellant did not c vacate the premises on the expiry ot the lease by efflux of time u/s. 111 (a) of the 'J'ransfer of Property Act, the respondent-landlord filed a suit against the appellant on June 25, 1960 for eviction, rent and 1nesne profits. The trial court passed the decree for eviction on November _3, 1962. The High Cou_rt dismissed the appeal on February 26, 1964 which was affirmed by this Court on September 25, 1964. The appellant vacated the suit premises on October 4, 1964. In the proceedings for fixation of mesne profits, the trial court awarctea a fin~·! decree for mesne profits at Rs. 4,000/- per n1onth fron1 the date or determination of the lease, i.e., from ?v1ay 22, 1960 to October 4, 1964. The D High Court affirmed the·.t.decree. In appeal by certificate the appellant contended, (i) that according to the definition of th~ "Jenant" in cl. (1) of s. 2 of the 1.1adhya Pradesh Control Act, 1961, the appellant, even after the termination of the lease, continued in ~session of the accommodation as a "tenant'' under the Act \Vhich is conveniently called a statutory tenant. The occupation of the accommodation by the appellant becariie Unauthorised and wrongfril on anil from November 3, 1962 when a decree for eviction was passed by the Trial Court and not before that. 1.-Iesne profits could be awardet.l only from the said E date; and (ii) that the courts belo\v \Vere not justified in awarding damages at Rs. 4,000/- per month when the agreed rent' as per the lease \Vas only Rs. 1600/per month.

¶11

¶12

Dismissing the appeal, the Court,

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¶14

HELD : ( 1) The definition of the term "tenant" in s. 2(i) of the Madhya Pradesh Accon1niodation Control Act, 1961 is retro-active in the sense that it embraces within its ambit even a person who continued in possession of the accommodation after the tern1ination of his tcriancy, whether the said termination was before or after the commencement of the Act. It \vould apply and was meant to cover a case where the contractual tena•ncy terminated before the commencement o[ the 1961 Act, but the suit was filed after the commencement.

¶15

In the instant case, the suit in question was not filed under the Act of 1955 because the accommodation- was exemrit fron1 the operation of that Act. The suit filed in accordance \Vith the Transfer of Property Act continued to govern the rights and Iiahilites even after the c..oming into force of the Act. The retroactivity or retrospectivity of the definition of the term "tenant" was not G sufficient to make the appellant a tenant Within Hie meaning of the l.fadhv:1 Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961. His continuance in occupation of the accommodation on and from 22nd Mav 1960 was unauthorised and \Vrongful and a decree focdamages or mesne profits.has rightly been awarded. f712 CJ-H, 713 A-DJ Sn1t. Chander Kali Bai & Ors. v. Sllri Jagdis/; SinJ,:h Thakur, [1978] (l) SCR 625, distinguished.

¶16

¶17

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 704 of 1971. From the Judgment and Decree dated 4-11-1970 of the Madhya Pradesh High Cou~t in First Appeal No. 37 of 1967.

¶18

SHYAM CHARAN v. SHEOJI BHAI (Untwalia, J.) 711

¶19

M. M. Phadke, I. N. Shroff and H. S. Parihar for the Appellant.

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¶21

M. C. Bhandare and K. J. John for Respondent No. I.

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•

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The Judgment of the Court was delivered by-

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UNTWALIA, J.-This is an appeal by certificate from the decision of lhe Madhya Pradesh High Court affirming the final decree of mesne profits made by the Trial Court in favour of respondent no. 1 (hereinafter called the respondent) against the appellant. Only a few facts are necessary to be stated. The respondent was the landlord of the premises known as Jairam Theatre in the town of Raipur. The appellant was given a lease of the said property by the respondent in the year 1940 for a period of 10 years. On the expiry of the said period, the lease was renewed by a Registered Deed dated August 18, 1951 w.e.f. May 22, 1950 for a further period of 10 years. In this lease the agreed rent payable was fixed at Rs. 1,600/- per month. The lease expired on May 21, 1960. Since the appellant did not vacate the premises on expiry of the lease by efflux of time under section Ill(~) of the Transfer of Property Act, the respondent filed a suit against him on June 25, 1960 for eviction, rent and mesne profits. The Trial Court passed a decree of eviction on November 3, 1962. The appellant filed an appeal in the High Court which was dismissed on February 26, 1964. The decision of the High Court was affinned by this Court on September 25, 1964. Thereafter the appellant vacated the suit premises on October 4, 1964.

¶26

In the proceeding for fixation of mesne profits, various pleas were taken by the appellant. The Trial Court awarded a final decree for mesne profits @ Rs. 4,0001- per month as against the respondent's claim of Rs. 6,000/- per month from the date of determination of the lease i.e. from May 22, 196{) upto the delivery of vacant possession by the appellant i.e. October 4, 1964. The High Court has affirmed this decree both in regard to the period and the rate of damages. Hence this appeal.

¶27

Mr. M. N. Phadke, learned counsel for the appellant made only two submissions in this appeal :

¶28

( 1) That according to the definition of the tenant in clause (i) of section 2 of the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961-(hereinafter caJled the Act) the appellant even after the termination of the lease continued in possession of the accommodation as a tenant under the Act, which is conveniently called a statutory tenant. The occupation of the accommodation by the appellant became unauthorised and wrongful on and from November 3,, 1962 when a decree for eviction was passed by the Trial Court and not before that. Mesne profits could be awarded only from the said date.

¶29

(2) That the Courts below were not justified in awarding damages at Rs. 4,000/- per month when the agreed rent as per the lease was only Rs. 1,600/- per month.

[1978] 1 S.C.R.

SUPREME COURT REPORTS

¶39

712

¶40

¶41

A In Smt. Chander Kali Bai & Ors. v. Shri Jagdish Singh Thakur(') the judgment of which was delivered by us on 6.10.1977 we have dealt with a similar, almost identical point as the one urged by Mr. Phadke. On the facts on that case we held that no damages or mesne profits could be awarded for the period between the termination of the contractual tenancy and the passing of the eviction decree. But the ratio of that case is not applicable in the present appeal. Under the Madhya PraB desh Control Act, 1955-places of entertainment like the one in ques·· tion were excluded from the operation of that Act as provided for in section 2(1) ( d). The lease of the accommodation was, therefore, not governed by the 1955 Act. The suit was filed on 25.6.1960 and the rights and liabilities of the parties in the suit were governed simply by the Transfer of property Act. The 1961 Act came into force on December 30 1961 and became applicable in the town of Raipur even to c the places of entertainment. In other words, if the provisions of the Act or the definition of the term tenant therein could be applied for determining the rights and liabilities of the parties in the pending suit which had been instituted prior to the coming into force of the Act then perhaps there would have been no difficulty in accepting the first contention put forward on behalf of the appellant. But the very basis of this argument is erroneous and it has to legs to stand upon.

¶42

¶43

Sub-section (1) of section 51 of the Act repealed the 1955 Act. Sub-section (2) further provided :

¶44

"Notwithstanding such repeal, all suits and other proceedings under the said Act, pending, at the commencement of this Act, before any court or other authority shall be continued and disposed of in accordance with the provisions of the said Act as if the said Act had continued in force and this Act had not been passed and the provisions for appeal under the said Act shall continue in force in respect of suit and proceedings disposed of thereunder."

¶45

¶46

As we have indicated in our judgment referred to above the appellant, perhaps, would not have succeeded in making his point good even if the F suit could be taken to have been filed under the 1955 Act. The definition of the tenant in that Act and in the Act of 1961 is vitally different. But we need not dilate upon this aspect of the matter any further, as, it is manifest that the suit in question was not filed under the Act of 1955 because the accommodation was exempt from the operation of that Act. That being so, the suit filed in accordance with the Transfer of Property Act could not attract any provision of the Act as there is nothing in it G to make it applicable to a pending suit of that kind. The Act being not applicable to the pending suit the rights and liabilities of the parties were governed by the provisions of the Transfer of Property Act. That c<lntinued to be so even after coming into fO'"ce of the Act.

¶47

It is no doubt true as strenously ur~ed by Mr. Phadke that the definition of the term "tenant" in section 2(1) of the Act is retro-active in the H sense that it embraces within its ambit even a person who continued in possession of the accommodation after the termination of his tenancy

¶48

¶49

•

¶50

(I) [1978] 1 S.C.R. 625.

¶51

SHYAM CHARAN v. SHEOJl BHAI (Untwalia, J.) 713

¶52

¶53

whether the said termination was before or after the commencement of the Act, yet the retro-activity or retrospectivity of the definition of the term "tenent" was not sufficient to make the appellant a tenent within the meaning of the Act unless it could be held that the provisions of the Act applied to the pending suit in question. As usual, the definition section 2 starts with the phrase "In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires," clearly indicating that the definition of the term "tenant" will apply if the Act would apply. Otherwise not. Mr. Phadke, however, contempled that such an interpretation would make the ratro-active operation of the definition otiose. Obviously not. It would apply and was meant to cover a case where the contractual tenancy terminated before the commencement of the Act, but the suit was filed after its commencement. Such a suit had to be filed in accordance with section 12 of the Act and attracted the other provisions also. Snppose in this case after the tennination of the tenancy in the year 1960 the suit for eviction would have been filed in 1962 the appcllant could come under the definition of the term "tenant" even though the termination of the contractual tenancy was before the commencement of the Act But we are unable to accept the argument that the mere fact that the definition of tenant is retrospective will make the appellant a tenant within the meaning of the Act. That being so, it is plain that his continuing in occupation of the accommodation on and from 22.5.1960 was unauthorised and wrongful and a decree for damages or mesne profits has rightly been awarded for the period commencing on that date and ending on 4.10.1964 when the appellant gave up vacant possession to the respondent.

¶54

It wm suffice to dispose of the second point urged by the appellant only in a few words. On appreciation of the evidence adduced in the Trial Court it fixed the monthly rate of damages at Rs. 4,000/- as against the respondent's claim of Rs. 6,000/-. The High Court has also discussed the evidence on this question in detail and affirmed the finding of the Trial Court. Having appreciated all that was urged on behalf of the appellant in this regard with reference to the relevant pieces of evidence, we find no justifiable ground to enable us to reduce the quantum of damages and to fix a lesser rate than the one concurrently determined by the Courts below.

In the result, we dismiss this appeal but in the circumstances make no order as to costs in this Court.

¶62

s. R.

¶63

Appeal dismissed.