Government-owned company challenged the West Bengal Government's competency to refer industrial disputes concerning its Barrackpore branch. Court upheld the reference, holding the branch a separate unit under West Bengal jurisdiction, but set aside the Tribunal's award on education allowance, lunch allowance and permanency directions.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
231
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HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD.
v.
THE WORKMEN AND ORS.
August 4, J 975
(A. ALAGIR!SWAMI, P. K. GOSWAMI AND N. L. UNTWALIA, JJ.J
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Industrial Disputes Act (14 of 1947) s. 2(a)(i)-'Appropriate Government', Scove of--Direction by Tribunal to 1nake certain en1ployees perrnanentPropriety,
The (iovernn1ent of West Bengal referred under s. 10(1) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, fi'e :ssnes for adjudication by the Industrial "fribunal. The dispute was between the respondents-workmen working at the Barrackpore branch of the appellant company's workshop. All the shares of the ar;ipellant are owned bv the Central Government. and its Memorandum and Articles of Association point out the vital role and control of the1Central Government in the matter ct carrying on of the industry.
The Tribunal gninted relief with respect to three !.ssues.
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In appeal to this Court, the competency of the Government to .1nake the reterence was challenged on the ground that the appropriate Government to 1n"-ke the reference 'vas either the Central Government, because the industry was under the authority of the Central Government, or the State of Karnataka, since the works of the Harrackpore branch is under the Bangalore Divisional Office of the Company.
Rejecting the contention, but aUow!ng the appeal to this Court on merits,
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HELD : l (a) The submission regarding the competency of the Central Government is identical to the one made before this Court and reoelled bv this Court in the case of fjeavy Engineering Mazdoor Union v. The State of Bi/1ar [1969] 3 S.C.R. 995. [233C]
(b) The fact that· the Government company in the Heavy Engineering Mazdoor Union case was carry:inj?; on an industry where Private Sector. Undertakings were also operating, ·whereas, in the instant case, the Government alone was entitled to carry on to the exclusion of ?Jrivate operators. would not make .any difference. [234Bl
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(c) The definition of "appropri.ate Government" in s. 2(a) (1) of the-Industrial Disputes Act has been amended from time to time and certain statutory corporations were incorporated in the definition to Ihake the Central Government 'the appropriate CJ-overnment' in relation to the industry r:arried on by them. But no public co1npany, even if the shares were exclusively owned by the Government, was bi'ought wit~in the definition. [234C]
(2) - As1iuming that the Barrackpore branch was under the control of th,e Bangalore Division of the Company, it was a se9arate branch working as a separate unit. The workers were receiving their pay at Barrackpore, were under the control of the officers of the Company stationed there. their grievances :-Vere their own and the cause of action in relation to the industrial dispute arose there. If there was any disturbance Qf industrial peace at Barrackpore, the appropriate Governn1ent concerned in ~ts maintenance was the West Bengal Government. [234D-E]
Mis. Lipton Limited and another v. Their employees [1959] 2 Suppl. S.C.R. 150, Jistin,guished.
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(3) On the first issue relating to allowance for the education of emplovees' children the Tribunal directed the appellant to pay Rs. 12/- per month to rnch en1ployee to n1eet the educati.onal exvenses of his children. This direction is irt effect a revision of the pay structure of the Barrackpore employees and the Tribunal had no jurisdiction to chang;~ ·th~ wage structure in tQe garb of a1lowing dµcatipnal expenses. f2lA-C] · ·
[1976] 1 S.C.R.
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
232
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(4) On the issue regarding revision of lunch allowance, the aw~rd of the 1Lri- , bunal was unnecessary because all members of the staff were getting such lunch allowance. [235E-F]
( 5) As regards the d1.rections of the Tribunal that certain canteen employees shoald be n1ade pern1anent, it was not justified because those workmen were casual workmen appointed temporarily. The workmen-could be made pei:ma~ent only against permanent vacancie-5 and not otherwise, and there was no d!fect1on by the Tribunal for the creation of any new post. [235F-H]
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CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1330 of 1969 Appeal by special leave from the Award dated the 5th March, 1969 of the Fifth Industrial Tribunal, West Bengal, in Case No. 26 of 1967.
V. S. Desai and R. B. Datar, for the-appellant.
A. K. Sen and Sukumar Ghose, for respondent no. 1.
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The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
UNTWALIA, J.-This is an appeal by special \eave filed by Hindustan Aeronantics Ltd. from the award dated 8-3-1969 made by the Fifth Industrial Tribunal, West Bengal. The Governor of West Bengal made the reference under section I 0 (1) of the Industrial Disputes Ad, 1947- hereinafter called the Act, for adjndication on the following 5 issues : "( 1) Allowance for the education of employees' children, (2) House Building loan; (3) Free conveyance or conveyance allowance; ( 4) Revision ·of Lunch allowance; (5)Whether the followin~ canteen employees should be made permanent"-the names of 10 employees given.
The Tribunal granted no relief to the workmen on issues 2 and 3, allowed their claim in part in respect of issues I, 4 and 5. Feeling aggrieved by the said award the• appellant which is a Government company constituted under section 617 of the Companies Act, the shares of which are entirely owned by the Central Government, has filed this appeal. The dispute relates to about 1,0()0 workmen working at the Barrackpore (West Bengal) branch of the Company's repairing workshop represented by the Hindustan Aeronautics Workers' Union, Barrack~-
The competency of the Government of West Bengal to make the reference was challenged before the Tribunal as also here. Mr. V. S. Desai, learned counsel for the appellant, submitt·~d that the appropriate government within the meaning of sectiorl 2(a) of the Act competent to make the referenc:e was the Central Government, or, if a State Government, it was the Government of Karnatak where the Bangalore Divisional Office of the Company is situated and under which works the ]3arrackpore !;>ranch, Counsel stressed the point that the Central
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HINDUSTAN Ji,ERONAUTICS LTD. v. WORKMEN (Untwa/ia, J.)233
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Government owned the entire bundle of shares in the company. It appoints and removes the Board of Directors as well as the Chairman and the Managing Director. All matters of importance are r<'!served for the decision of the President of India and ultimately executed in accordance with his directions. The memorandum and articles of association of the company unmistakeably point out the vital role and control of the Central Government in the matter of carrying on of the industry owned by the appellant. Hence, counsel submitted that the industrial dispute in question concerned an industry which was carried on "under the authority of the Central Government" within the meaning of section 2(a) (i) of the Act and the Central Government was the only appropriate Government to make the reference under section I 0. The submission so made was identical to the one made before and re· pelled by this Court in the case of Heavy Engineering Mazdoor Union v. The State of Bihar & Ors.(') wherein it has been said at page 1,000
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"It is true that besides the Central Government having contributed the entire share capita', extensive powers are conferred on it, including the power to give directions as to how the company should function, the power to appoint directors and D even the power to determine the wages and salaries payable by the company to its employees. But these powers are derived from the company's memorandum of association and the articles of association and not by reason of the company being the agent of the Central Govermnent. The question whether a corporation is an agent of the State must. depend on the facts of each case. Where a statute setting E up a corporation so provides, such a corporation can easily be identified as the agent of the State as in Graham v. Public Works Commissioners-(1901) 2 K.B. 781 where Phillimore, J. said that the Crown does in certain cases establish with the consent of Parliament certain officials or hodies who are to be treated as agents of the Crown even though they have the power of contracting as principals. In F the absence of a statutory provision, however. a commercial corporation acting on its own behalf, even though it is controlled wholly or partially by a Government department. will be ordinarily presumed not to be a servant or agent of the State. The fact that a minister appoints the members or directors of a corporation and he is entitled to call for information, to give directions which are binding on the G directors and to suoervise over the conduct of the busine8' of the corporation does not rem!er. the corporation an agerlt of the Government. (see The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd. v. The Commercial Tax Officer. Visakhapatnam )-(1964) 4 S.C:R. 99 at 188 per Shah J. and Tamlin ..... v. Hannaford-(1950) 1 K.B. 18 at 25, 26. Such ar inference. that the corporation, is the agent of the Govirnment H. may be drawn where it is performing in substance governmental and not commercial functions. (cf. London County
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(I) [1969] 3 S.C.R. 99S
[1976] l s.c.R.
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
234
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Territorial and Auxiliary Forces Association v. Michale)- (1948) 2 All. E.R. 432."
Mr. Desai made a futile anld unsubstantial attempt to distinguish the. case of HcJvy Engineering Mazdoor Union on the ground that that was the case of a Government company carrying· on an indu'stry where Private Sector Undertakings were also operating, It was not an industry, as in the instant case, which the Government alone was entitled to carry on to the exclusion of the private operators. The distinction so made is of no consequence and does not affect the ratio of the case in the ]east. We may also add that by amendments made in the definition of "appropriate Government" in section 2(a)(i) from time to time certain statu'ory corporations were incorporated in the definition to make the Central Government an appropriate government in relation to the industry carried on by them. But no public company even if the shares were exclusively owned by 'the Government was attempted to be roped in the said definition.
The other leg of the argument to challenge the competency of the West Bengal Government to make the reference is also fruitless. It may be assumeld that the Barrackpore branch was under the control of the Bangalore division of the company. Yet it was a separate branch engaged in an industry of repairs of air crafts or the like at Barrackpore. For the purpose of the Act and on the facts of this case the Barrackpore branch was an industry carried on by the company as a separate unit. The workers were receiving their pay packages at Barrackpore and were under the control of the officers of the company stationed there. If there was any disturbance of industrial peace at Barrackpore where a considerable number of workmen were working the appropriate govermnent concerned in the maintenance·of the industrial peace was the West Bengal Government. The grievances of the workmen of Barrackpore were their own and the cause of action in relation to the industrial dispute in question arose there. The reference, therefore, for adjudication of such a dispute by the Governor of West Bengal was good and valid. The facts of the case of M/s. Lidxm Limited and another v. Their em-· ployees(1) cited on behalf of the appellant are clearly distinguishable. The ratio of that case was presse'd into service in vain on behalf of the appellant.
The first demand on behalf of the workmen as respects the education allowance of the children was chiefly based upon the edncational facilities said to be available to the workmen of Bangalore. On behalf of the management it was pointed out that certain educational facilities were given to the employees living in the township of Bangalore but not in the city of Bangalore. The workmen work- . ing at Barrackpore had also been provided with certain educational facilities. We, however, tlo not propose to go into the merits of the rival contentions. In our opinion the award directing the company
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(l) (1959) 2 Supp. S. C. R. 150.
lll~DUSTAN AERONAUTICS LTD. v. WORKMEN (Untwalia, J.) 235
A to pay Rs. 12/- per month to each employee to meet educational expenses of their children irrespective of the number of children a particular workman may have is beyond the scope of the issue referred for adjudication. The Tribunal while discussing this issue felt constrained to think that strictly speaking claim for allowance for the education of employees' children coultl not form a subject matter B of industrial dispute. Real!y it was a matter to be taken into consideration at the time of fixing their wages. In substance and in effect the directions given by the Tribunal is by way of revision of the pay structure of the Barrackpore employees. No such reference was either asked for or made. The Tribunal, therefore, had no jurisdiction to c change the wage structure in the garb of allowing e:lucational expenses for the employees' children. We may add that on behalf of the appellant it was stated _before us that the latest revised wage structure has taken the matter of education of the employees' children into consideration, while, Mr. A. K. Sen, appearing for the workmen, did not accept it to be so. If necessary and advisable a proper industrial D tlispute may be raised in that regard in future but the award as it stands cannot be upheld.
Apropos issue no. 4 it was stated on behalf of the appellant that all staff and not only the supervisory staff were getting Rs. 1.50 as lunch allowance under circumst~nces similar to the ones under which E the employees bel9nging to the supervisory staff were getting Rs. 1.50 as lunch allowance. The award of the tribunal, therefore, was unnecessary and superfluous in that regard. If that be so, the award may be a surplusage as it is conceded on behalf of the appellant that under the existing service contlitions every employee eligible to get a lunch allowance was getting at the rate of Rs. l.50.
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The" 10 workmen souglit to be made permanent under issue no. 5 were casual workmen before 4-1-1967 within the meaning of clause (b) ( d) of Standing Order I headed "Classification of workmen''. They were appointed as temporary workmen within the meaning of clause (b) (b) of Standing Order J on and from 4-1-1967. The G Tribun•al's direction to make them permanent on and from 4.1.1968 treating them as probationers appointed in permanent vacancies was not justified. The Tribt1.1al did not go into the question as to whether more permanent workmen were necessary to be appointed in the canteen over and above the existing permanent strength to justify the . making of "the 10 workmen as permanent in the c~ateen where they H were working. No direction of creation of new posts was given. On the evidence as adduced before the Tribunal and on the basis of the (l) (1959) 2 Suppl. S.C.R. 150.
[1976] 1 S.C.R.
236
SUPREME COURT REPORTS I
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findings recorded by it, it is plain that the 10 workmen or aay of them could be made permanent only against the permanent vacancies and not otherwise. On behalf of the appellant it was stated before us that all of them have been made permanent against such vaca•acies, while, on behalf of the workmen the assertion was that none of them has been made permanent so, far. The management has no objection in absorbing the 10 workmen concerned in permanent vacancies, as and when they occur if any of them has not been already absorbed. The workmen want nothing more than this.
In the result the •appeal is allowed and substantially the award of . the Tribunal is set aside but subject to the clarifications and observations nrnde above. In the circumstances, there will be no order as to costs.
Appeal allowed.
V.P.S.
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L 714Sup·CI/75-2500-3-1-76-GIPF.
2 issues framed by the court
Whether the Government of West Bengal, rather than the Central Government or Karnataka, was the appropriate government entitled to make the reference under s. 10(1) of the Industrial Disputes Act.
Whether the Tribunal's directions on education allowance, lunch allowance revision and permanency for canteen workmen were justified.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Heavy Engineering Mazdoor Union v. The State of BiharRelied on¶64
[1969] 3 S.C.R. 995 · Who else cites this
M/s. Lipton Limited and another v. Their employeesDistinguished¶65
(1959) 2 Suppl. S.C.R. 150 · Who else cites this
2 provisions across 1 enactments
Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.
The Workmen
Others
A. Alagiriswami
P. K. Goswami
N. L. Untwalia
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
