A daughter by another wife sought pre-emption of land sold by her husband's co-widow's successor. The Supreme Court held the 1964 amendment to s. 15(2)(b) was clarificatory and retrospective; the respondent had the right even before amendment. Appeal dismissed with costs.
Appeal dismissed with costs; respondent's suit for possession by pre-emption upheld.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
·1f
A
CHANAN SINGH & ANOTHER
v.
JAi KAUR
August 11, 1969
B [J.C. SHAH, ACTING C.J., V. R.AMASWAMI AND A. N. GROVER, JJ.J Pun;ab Pre-emp1ion Act, 1913, s. 15(2)(b)-Scope of-Amendment by Amendment Act of 1964--JJ has retrosvective operation.
S, the owner of sdme land in a village in Punjab, died leaving a widow and the respondent, his daughter by another wi'fe. The widow sold a pa'ft of the land in February 1958 to the appell'!Ilts, whereupon the re.pondent filed a suit for possession by pre-emption of the land sold. The trial eourt c decreed the suit and a first appeal was dismissed. A single bench of the High Court allowed the second appeal on the view that the respondent not being the widow's daughter, had no right of pre-emption under s. 15(2) of the Punjab Pre..,mption Act, 1913, as amended by the Punjab Pre-emption Amendment Act, 1960. However, a division bench in a Letters Patent appeal, relying on an amendment made by the Punjab Preemption Amendment Act, 1964 in s. 15(2) (b), reversed the judgment of D the single bench and decreed the suit.
It was eontended. in appeal ' to this Court that there is no indication in the Amendment Act of 1964 that it is to have, retrospective operation and the amendment made by it should be deemed to be only prospective. HELD : The Amendment Act of 1964 was merely of a clarificatory or declaratory nature. , Even in th~ absence of words which were inserted by the: Amendment.Act of 1964 under s. 15(2)(b) the only possible inE teqxetation and m@ning of the words "in the son or daughter of ouch female" could have. :reference to and cover the son or daughter of the husband of the •fem~le. The entire scheme of s. 15(2) is that the right of pre-emption has _been confined to the issues of the last male holder from whom the prdj>erty which has been •old came by inherit•nce. [805 HJ Under s. !5(2)(b) the right of pre-emption would vest firstly in the F son or daughter of the husband of the female meaning thereby either her own off-springs from the husband whom she had succeeded or the oon or daughter of that,husl>and even from another wife. [806 G]
In the pre!ient..:Cllse the respondent was entitled to exercise hec right of pre..,mption under paragraph First of clause (b) of s. 15(2) even before the Amendme!lt of 1964. Whatever doubts extsted they were removed by that Act which must be given retrospective operation. [807 E-F] G Ram Sarup v. Munshi & Ors., [1%3] 3 S.C.R. 858 and Mota Si~gh v. Prem Parkash Kaur & Ors., I.LR. [1961] Punj. 614, 627; referred to. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 774 of 1966.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and decree dated H August 31, 1965 of the Punjab High Court in Letters Patent Appeal No. 91 of 1961.
Harbans Singh, for the appellant.
[1970] 1 S.CR.
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
804
,11
Bishan Narain and S. K. Mthta, for the respondent.
A
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Grover, J. This is an appeal by special leave from a judgment of a division bench of the Punjab High Court decreeiaig tlie suit filed by the respondent for possession of certain land by preemption. The facts may be shortly stated : Santa Singh was the owner of some land in village Samadh Bhai, tehsil Moga. He died leaving a widow Smt. Sobhi. He also left a daughter Smt. Jai Kaur from his other wife. On February 3, 1958 Smt. Sobhi sold 73 ka.nals 14 marlas of land to the appe!lanL1, the sale consideration mentioned in the sale deed being Rs. 8,000/-. Smt. Jai Kaur filed a suit for possession by pre-emption of the land which had been sold by SmL Sobhi. According to her a eonsideraJon of Rs. 4,000/- only had been paid by the vendee. The t::al court decreed the suit in May 1959 granting a decree for possession on payment of Rs. 6,500/- together with costs. The second Additional Judge to whom an appeal was taken dismissed it. In the High Cou;l the ]earned Single Judge took the view that Smt. Jai Kaur not being the daughter of the vendor Smt. Sobhi had no right of pre-emption tmder s. 15 (2) of the Punjab Pre-emption Act, 1913 as amended by the Punjab Pre-e111ption Amendment Act, 1960. The suit was dismissed. Smt. Jai Kaur filed an appeal under clause 10 of the Letters Patent of the High Court. Relying on an amendment made by the P~njab Pre-emption Amendment Act 1964 in the first paragraph of clause (b) of sub-s. (2) of s. 15 of the Punjab Pre-emption Act, hereinafter called the Act, the Division Bench reversed the judgment of the Single Judge and decreed the plaintiff's suit.
B
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D
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F
The relevant provisions oi the statute may now be noticed together with the amendments made in 1960 and 1964. Section 15 of the Act was substituted bys. 4 of the Amendment Act, 1960. According to the substituted section the right of pre-emption in respect of agricultural land and village immoveable property shall vest thus:-
G
| (1) (2) |
Notwithstanding anything containedinsub- section (1 ),- |
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|---|---|---|
| (a) | where the saleisby a female of landorpro- perty to which she has succeeded through her fatherorbrotherorthe saleinrespectofsuch land or propertyisby the sonordaughterof |
H |
so 5
A
CHANAN ~INGH V. JAI KAUR (Grover, J.)
such female, after inheritance, the right of preemption shall vest,-
B
By the Amendm~nt Act 1964 in the first paragraph of s. 15 ( 2 )( b) between the words "such" and "female" the words "husba,nd of the" were insetjed: The result was that after the amendment the portion of clause (b) relevant for our purpose was to read c as follows : ,
"FIRST, ln the son or daughter of such husband of the femal~i" ,
Now if the Amendment Act of 1964 could be regarded as having retrospective opera(ion so as to affect pending proceedings there c:i,n be no disp"(ltti that the judgment of the division bench was D right and must! be affirmed. The contention which has been raised on behalf of the appellants is that there is no indication in the Amendmenf;IAct of 1964 that it was to have retrospective operation and therefore the amendment made by it should be deemed to be ~ prospective. It may be mentioned that by s. 6 of the Ame)'ldd'lent Act of 1960 a new section 31 was inserted in. the Act. That section provided, "no court shall pass a decree in a suit for pe-einption whether instituted before or after the commencement of :the Punjab Pre-emption Amendment Act of 1960 which is 1nc!;jnsistent with the provisions of the said Act." In Ram Sarup >.r. Munshi & Ors.(1 ) this Court held that the language used in s. ·Sl was comprehensive enough so as to require F an appellate court to give effect tC' the substantive provisions of the Amending ,<\ct::whether the appeal before it was one against a decree granting pe-emptioo or one refusing that relief. Althouh s. 31 was inserted jn the Act for all times the phraseology employed therein d00$; not show that its language was meant to cover those arndments which would be made subsequent to the Amendment Act of 1960. The word "said" can have reference _G in the context only to the enactment of 1960 and to nc other. It would not be. legitimate for the courts to give an extended effect to a provision used and words employed warranted such a course being followed. That does not appear to be the case here.
Tt appears to 4s that the Amendment Act of 1964 was merely of a clarificatory or declaratory nature. Even in the absence of H the words which '-Vere inserted by the Amendme.nt Act of 1964 in s. 15(2)(b} i])e only possible interpretation and meaning of ilJ [1963J 3 S.9.R. 858.
( 1970] I S.CR.
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
806
the words "in the son or daughter of such female" could have reference to and cover the son. or daughter of the husband of the female. The entire scheme of sub-s. (2) of s. 15 is that the right or pre-emption has been confined to the issues of the last male holder from whom the property which has been sold came by inheritance. Looking at clause (a) of sub-s. (2) where the propcny which has been sold has come to the female from her father or brother by succession the right of pre-emption has been given to her brother or brother's son. As has been observed in More Singh v. Prem Parkash Kaur & Ors.('), the predominant idea seems to be that the property must not go outside the line of the last male holder and the right has been given to his male lineal descendants. Where the sale is by the son or the daughter of such female the right is given to the mother's brother or their sons. The principle which has been kept in view is that the person on whom the right of pre-emption is conferred must be a male lineal descendant of the last male holder of the property sold. This is so with regard to clause (a) of sub-s. (2). Coming to clause ( b) where the sale is by a female of land or property to which she has succeeded through her husband or through her son in case the son has inherited the same from his father the right of pre-emption is to vest firstly in :be son or daughter of such female and secondly in the husband's brother or husband's brother's son of such female. Now ii the son or daughter of the female who has sold the property could rekr to her sun or daughter from a hu.sband other than the one from whom the property devolved on her, it would be contrary to the scheme and purpose of sub-s. (2) which essentially is to vest the right of pre-emption in the lineal descendants of the la : male holder. Similarly it is unthinkable that a husband's b11Jther or husband's brother's son should have rC>f'erence to a hus!Jand to whom the property never belonged. Jn other words it could never be intended that if a female has had a previous husband who has either died or with whom the marriage has been dissolved and the female has remarried and succeeded to the proper!) of her second husband the brother or the brother's son of her previous husband should be able to claim the right of pre-emption when they had .nothing whatsoever to do with the property sought to be pre-empted. It would follow that under clause (b) the right of pre-emption would vest firstly in the son or daughter of the husband of the female me·ming thereby either her own off-spring from the hush.and whom she has succeeded or the son or daughter of that husband even from another wife.
If the above discussion is kept in view there is no difficulty i,n attributing a retroactive intention to the legislature when . the Amendment Act of 1964 was enacted. It is well settled that 1f a (I) f.L.R. 11961) Punj 61·1. 627.
A
B
c
D
B
F
G
H
i . ;::· •·!"'."::+: '"i" ;~-,: ;
CHANAN SINGH v. JAI KAUR (Grover, J.)
8 07
The result, therefore, is that the respondent was entitled to exercise her right of pre-emption under paragraph First of cl. (b) of sub-s. (2) of s. 15 even, before the amendment made in 1964. At any rate whatever doubt~ existed they were removed by the Amendment Act of 1964. which must be given retrospective operation . .
F
The appeal consequently fails and it is dismissed with costs.
R.K.P.S.
Appeal dismissed.
(I) LL.R.[1968] I Punjab 104, 120.
2 issues framed by the court
Whether the 1964 amendment inserting 'husband of the' in s. 15(2)(b) of the Punjab Pre-emption Act had retrospective application to pending proceedings.
Whether a step-daughter of the female vendor had a right of pre-emption under s. 15(2)(b).
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Ram Sarup v. Munshi & Ors.Referred
[1963] 3 S.C.R. 858 · Who else cites this
Moti Singh v. Prem Parkash Kaur & Ors.Relied on
I.L.R. [1961] Punj. 614, 627 · Who else cites this
Moti Ram v. Bakhwant Singh & Ors.Relied on
I.L.R. [1968] 1 Punjab 104, 120 · Who else cites this
3 provisions across 3 enactments
Chanan Singh & Another
Jai Kaur
J.C. Shah
V. Ramaswami
A.N. Grover
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
