This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
A
SHRI ROSHANLAL GAUTAM
v.
STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH AND OTHERS
October 26, 1964
(P. B. GAJENDRAGADKAR C.J., K. N. WANCHOO,
M. HIDAYATULLAH, R.AGHUBAR DAYAL AND
J. R. MUDHOLKAR JJ.)
Nationalisation of Transport Services-Scheme prohibiting private operators from specified routes-Whether affects rights of operators holding permits ·related not to routes but to specified area-Scheme whether satis- c fies provisions of statute-Services provided under scheme whether adefuate-Section 68C Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 as amended by Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 1956.
The appellant, the holder of a permit in respect of contract carriages in the Agra region challenged a scheme framed by the Uttar Pradesh Government nationalising road transport services in the. Agra region and prohibiting private operation of the services on certain specified routes. His D writ petition before the High Court having been dismissed and Lettel'li Patent Appeal also having failed he appealed to the Supreme Court, by special leave.
Three contentions were advanced on behalf of the appellant : (1) The scheme was only a reproduction of an earlier scheme under s. 3 of the U.P. Road Transport (Development) Act, 1955 which had been struck down by the High Court. The requirements of s. 68C of the Motor E Vehicles Act were quite different from those of s. 3 of the U.P. Act, and the scheme did not answer them. (2) Under s. 68C of the Motor Vehicles Act the State was under an obligation to provide 'adequate' transport ser,;ces to replace those already in operation, but the scheme provided only for 16 contract carriage services. As the number of these services could be changed under the scheme, the latter would be again open to challenge whenever the change was effected. (3) The scheme was not properly framed because it provided for the operation of contract carriages on F certain routes to the exclusion of the appellant who held a permit for an area irrespective of any route or routes.
HELD : The appeal must be dismissed.
•
( i) It is no doubt true that while s. 68C makes a mention of an "efficient, adequate, economical and properly coordinated road transport service" "in the public interest", the U.P. Act merely mentioned "the interest of the general public" "subserving the common good or for maintaining and G developing efficient transport system". However it would be wrong to think that even under the U .P. Act GoYernmenl would not think of an "adequate", "economical" or "property coordinated" road transport services for the common good and for maintaining and developing an efficient road transport system. The change in the language is no doubt there but the intention underlying the words is the same, and even if the exact words of s. 68C might not have been present before the framers ·of the scheme, it is quite obvious that they took into account those very factors. Indeed the H use· of the words "adequate State road 'transport contract carriage service" in cl. (3) of the scheme reproduced the language of s. 68C and not that of s. 3. This suggests that the requirements of s. 68C were probably borne in mind. [845 B-F]
842
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
(1965] I S.C.R.
(ii) The .1ichen1e \Vas rca.d as providing sixteen contract carriane!> and it A }ts not constdcrcd whether 11 woulU hecomc ina<lcqu:.i1c in the futrc. 1846 (iii} Under the i\1tor Vehicles Act there i.;, no douh1 a distlnctio! 1 bet"'·ecn area and route in some of the sections but in others that dis1inl:tion docs not seem 10 be preserved. The pro,·isions of s. 51 ( 2) ( i) clearly show tha t~e area ~t the commencement of the peClTlit can he cut down hy ot.Jf)'Jng ccrto1n routes and there seems to be no bar to doing it later 1n vie"· of the. scheme f nationalisa1ion. By taking away one of the B routes the area lS as cffccttvcly cut do'-'"·n as when an 1reJ is included in the permit but rout'i. arc indicated on v.·hih .alone the contract carri:iges can ply. The prov1s1ons of s. 688 also 1nd1catc that power is reserved to modify the existing permits either by curtailing the area or by curtailing dac routes. Taking over of certain routes cxchLivcly for the State under· takings renders that ponion of the area inetrecti'e for a private operator such as the appellant who hol<ls the permit for the whole area including C those routes. [848 B-GJ
C.P.C. Motor Services, Mysore '" State of Mysort. [1962] Supp. I S.C.R. 717, Konda/a Rao v. A. P. Stale Road Transport Corporation, A.LR. ( 1961) S.C. 82 and Dosa Satyanarayaoamlll'l)I etc. v. Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, [1961) l S.C.R. 642,-relied on. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 800 of 1964.
D
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated March 30, 1964, of the Allahabad High Court in Special Appeal No. 27 of 1964.
G. S. Pathak, B. L. Singha/ and 8. P. Maheshwari, for the appellant.
C. 8. Agarwala, K. N. Singh and 0. P. Ra!lil, for the Respondents.
G. S. Pathak, A. V. Viswa111Jtha Sastri, 8. L. Singhal and H. P. Maheshwari. for the intervener.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Hidayatullah J. The appellant who appeals by special leave against the judgment of the High Court of Allahabad dated March 30, 1964 is the holder of a contract carriage permit granted to him by the Regional Transport Authority, Agra and valid till February 1, 1955. He owns a single contract carriage and his permit covers the whole of the Agra region which comprises the six districts of Mathura, Agra, Aligarh, Etah, Etawah and Mainipuri. No special route or routes are indicated in his permit and the tenninii of his operation are the frontien; of this region on all sides. In 1955, the Government of Uttar Pradesh, purporting to act under s. 3 of the U. P. Road Transport Services (Development) Act, 1955, framed a scheme for nationalisation of transport services in Uttar Pradesh. The scheme which was then
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ROSllAN LAL v. STATE (Hidayatul/ah !.)
843
:844
[1965[ l S.C.R.
SlJPRBMI! COURT REPORTS
dismissed it "swnrnarily" though it passed a fairly detailed order. lt is against the order that the present appeal has been filed.
The first contention of Mr. G. S. Pathak is that although the scheme purports to be under s. 68C of the Motor Vehicles Act, the requirements of that section were not borne in mind inasmucsh as the scheme framed under s. 3 of the U.P. Act was without any change approved and notified after the successive remands by the High Court. It is therefore necessary to see how far the two provisions differ in their requirements. Section 3 of the U.P. Act laid down the power of the State Government to run Road Transport Services as follows :-
"3. Power of the State Government to run Road Transport Services.-
( 1) Where the State Government is of the opinion that it is necessary in the interests of the general public and for subscrving the common good, or for maintaining and developing efficient road transport system so to direct, it may, by notification in the official Gaulle declare that the road transport services in general, or any particular class of such services on any route or portion thereof as may be specified, shall be run · and operated exclusively by the State Government, or by the State Government in conjunction with railways or be run and operated partly by the State Government and partly by others under and in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
(2) The notification under sub-section ( 1) shall be conclusive evidence of the facts stated therein.,.
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Section 68C of the Motor Vehicles Act provided as follows:-
"68C. Preparation and publication of scheme of road transport service of a State Trapsport undertaking.
Where any State transport undeqtaking is of opinion that for the purpose of providing ad efficient, adequate, economical and properly co-ordinated road transport service, it is necessary in the public interest that road transport services in general or any particular class of such service in relation to any area or route or portion thereof should be run and operated by the State transport undertaking, whether to the exclusion, complete or partial, of other persons or otherwise, the State transport undertaking may prepare a scheme giving particulars of
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ROSHAN LAL v. STATE (Hidayatu/lah ].)
845
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B
It is contended that the requirements of the former section which were the conditions precedent for action are not the same as the requirements of s. 68C. It is no doubt true that while s. 68C makes a mention of an "efficient, adequate, economical and proc perly co-ordinated road transport service" "in the public interest" the U.P. Act merely mentioned "the interest of the general public" "subserving the common good or for maintaining and developing efficient road transport system." The change of verbiage, however, does not make a change in the requirements. It would be wrong to think that even under the U.P. Act Government would D not think of an 'adequate', 'economical' or 'properly co-ordinated' road transport service when it chose to provide. road transport services for the common good and for maintaining and developing efficient road transport system. The change in language is no doubt there but the intention underlying the words is the same and even if the exact words of s. 68C might not have been present E before the framers of the scheme, it is quite obvious that they took into account those very factors. Indeed, the use of the words "adequate State road transport contract carriage service" in cl. ( 3) of the scheme framed and notified in 1959 reproduces the language of s. 68C and not that of s. 3. This suggests that the requirements of s. 68C were probably borne in mind. Even if they were not F and only the requirements of the U.P. Act were borne in mind, we find no difficulty in holding that as the requirements are basically the same, the exercise of power must be referred to s. 68C under which it has validity, and not to s. 3 of the U.P. Act. This ground of objection was rightly over-ruled by the High Court.
G It was next oontended that the provision of '16 contract carriages or more or less' under cl. (3) of the present scheme does not carry out s. 68C either in spirit or in terms. Section 68C requir.es 'adequate' services to be maintained and the fixing of 16 carriages in advance, it 1s said, does not carry out the purpose of that provision. It i~ also contended that as this number iS likely H to be changed the scheme itself would be open to challenge whenever the number is less than the adequate number required. It may be pointed out that on the former occasion the provision
846
( 1965] 1 S.C.R.
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
about ·adequate' carriages was challenged as too vague. It is because of that challenge that the number of carriages is now shown and it is provided that this number may be more or less as the occasion demands. We read the scheme as providing sixteen contract carriages. We need not consider whether it would become inadequate in the future. At the moment it is stated that 16 carriages will be provided and it is not affirmed that this number .. is in any way inadequate.
The last contention is the most serious of all. It is submitted that the scheme is not properly framed because it provides for the operation of contract carriages on certain routes to the exclusion of the appellant who holds a permit for an area irrespective of any route or routes. It is contended that the framers of the scheme have confused between a stage carriage permit and a contract carriage permit, since the former is granted for a route or routes and the latter only for an area. The argument is that if State road transport contract carriages were to be provided the scheme should have indicated an area in which they were to operate and that area shOllld have been excluded instead of dismembering the area of the appellant by mentioning the routes. Such a procedure, it is mbmitted, is contrary to the scheme of the grant of permits undec Chapter IV of the Motor Vehicles Act. On behalf of the respondent it is submitted that the notification of the 56 routes curtail& the area such as it was and that there is no breach of the proviion. of the Motor Vehicles Act.
Under the Motor Vehicles Act there is no doubt a distinction between area and route in some of the sections but in others that distinction does not seem to be preserved. These terrn5--l'o11te and area-were explained in C. P. C. Motor Services, Mysore v, The State of Mysore and Anr.(1 ) and it was pointed out that undm the scheme of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 these two words sometimes stand for the road on which the omnibuses run or port.ions thereof. A similar view was earlier expressed in Kottdala Rao v. A. P. State Road Transport Corpn.(') In Dosa Satyanarayanamurty etc. v. The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation ( •), Subba Rao J., observed :
"Under s. 68C of the Act the scheme may be framed in respect of any area or a route or a portion of any area or a portion of a route. There is no inherent inconsis-
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t:
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(!) (1962J Supp. I S.C.R. 717. (2) A.I.R. 1961 S.C. 82. (3) [1961) I s.c.R. 642 at 664.
ROSHAN LAL v. STATE (Hidayatu/lah J.)
84 7
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!ency between an "area" and a "route". The proposed route is also an area limited to the route proposed. The scheme may as well propose to operate a transport service in respect of a new route from point A to point B and that route would certainly be an area within the meaning of s. 68C."
The argument thus loses a great deal of its force but there are other reasons too which show that the contention is misconceived.
By s. 2 ( 3) a contract carriage is defined as a motor vehicle which carries a passenger or passengers on hire or reward under a c contract from one point to another without stopping to pick up or • set down along the line of that route passengers not included in the contract. A stage carriage is defined as a motor vehicle carrying or adopted to carry passengers for hire or reward at separate fares paid for the whole journey or for stages of the journey. The distinction between the two is this: the contract D carriage is engaged for the whole of the journey between two points for carriage of a person or persons hiring it but it has not the right to pick up other passengers en route. The stage carriago on the other hand, runs between two points irrespective of any prior contract and it is boarded· by passengers en route who pay E the fare for the distance theY.. propose to travel. Mr. Pathak contends that if one examines the scheme of ss. 46 and 49 one finds that the application for a stage carriage permit is for a route or routes or area or areas but the application for a contract carriage is only for an area for which the permit is required. He contends, therefore, that as contract carriages do not ply on routes F a scheme curtailing a contract carriage permit must be for a part of the area covered· by the permit and that it cannot be for a route or routes. He also refers to s. 68G in which two separate principles and methods for the determination of compensation for the curtailment of areas and routes is provided and submits that this also points out that a contract carriage· permit is by an area and G not by a route and consequently the indication of the route on which the carriages of State undertakings would run is ineffective to curtail the area of a private operator and the scheme must therefore fail. On the other hand, it may be pointed out that s. 51(2) of the Motor Vehicles Act itself provicfes as follows:-
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"51 (2) : The Regional Transport Authority, if it decides to grant a contract carriage permit, n1ay,, subject to any rules that may be made under this Act, attach to
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848 . SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[1965) l S.C.R.
the permit any one or more of the following conditions, namely:-
A
(i) that the vehicle or vehicles shall be used only in a specified area or on a specified route or routes; ..
This provision clearly shows that the area at the co=encemcnt of the permit can be cut down by notifying certain routes aad there seems to be no bar to doing it later in view of a scheme of nationalisation.
B
In our judgment, the argument of the respondents must be accepted. If under s. 51 ( 2 )( i) a permit for a contract carriage C could be limited to specified route or routes notwithstanding that the petition for such a permit must be for an· area there is no difficulty in accepting a scheme which cuts-down the area by sul>-. tracting a few routes. By the taking over of the routes the area is as effectively cut down as when an area is included in the permit but routes are indicated on which alone the contract carriag._es D can ply.
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There are two other arguments which support the contention of the respondents. Under s. 68B the provisions of Chapter IV A apply notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in Chapter IV of the Act. Sections 46 to 49 are in Chapter IV E and no inconsistency between a scheme framed under s. · 68C and any provision of Chapter IV can be made a ground of attack. Secondly, under s. 68F when the permits are issued to a State transport undertaking for stage carriages or contract carriages it is provided that the Regional Transport Authority may modify the terms of any existing permit so as to , "curtail the area or route covered by the permit in so far .as such permit relates to the notified area or notified route". ·This would indicate that power is reserved to modify the existing permits either by curtailing the area or by curtailing the_ routes. ·The taking over of certain routes exclusively for the State undertakings renders that portion of the area ineffective for a private operator such as the appellant who holds G a permit for the whole rarea including those routes. The High Court was, therefore, right in holding that by the notified scheme the routes which were mentioned must be taken to have been subtracted from the area to which the permit applied. In other words, there is no merit in the appeal. The appeal fails and is dismissed with costs. H
Appeal dismirsed.
y '
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
C.P.C. Motor Services, Mysore v. State of MysoreRelied on
[1962] Supp. I S.C.R. 717 · Who else cites this
Kondala Rao v. A.P. State Road Transport CorporationRelied on
A.I.R. 1961 S.C. 82 · Who else cites this
Dosa Satyanarayanamurty v. Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport CorporationRelied on
[1961] I S.C.R. 642 · Who else cites this
7 provisions across 2 enactments
Shri Roshanlal Gautam
State of Uttar Pradesh and Others
P. B. Gajendragadkar
K. N. Wanchoo
M. Hidayatullah
Raghubar Dayal
J. R. Mudholkar
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
