The Supreme Court considered whether a return filed pursuant to an invalid s. 34 notice was a valid return under s. 22(3). Holding it valid, the court upheld the High Court's negative answer and dismissed the Commissioner's appeal against reassessment for 1944-45.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
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COMMISSIONER OF INCOME·TAX, MADRAS
v.
S. RAMAN CHETTIAR
October 27, 1964
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(K. SUBBA RAo, J. c. SHAH AND s. M. Snoo JI.)
Indian Income-tax Act (11 of 1922), ss. 22(3) and 34-Invalid notice under s. 34--Return submitted-Subsequent proceedings under s. 34-If can be taken ignoring return.
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Jn response to a notice dated 3rd April 1948, under s. 34 of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, the assessee submitted returns for the assessment years 19-14-45 and l 95-46. The Income-tax Officer dropped proceedings c [or the former year and determined the net taxable income for the latter year. The assessee appealed first to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner ar.d then to the Appellate Tribunal. The Tribunal allowed the appeal in part, held that a portion of the profit determined was assessable in the assessment yar 1944-J5 and observed, that the Income-tax Officer was at liberty to take appropriate action. The InCome-tax Officer again issued a notice under s. 34 after obtaining the sanction of the Commissioner, as required by the Amending Act 48 of 1948 (passed on 8th September 1948, D but !!1'•.le retrospective from 30th March 1948), in respect of the assess· ment year 1944-45. He brought to tax, the amount determined by the Tribunal as the profit of the year. The assessee's appeals to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Appellate Tribunal were unsuccessful. The High Court, on a reference, held in favour of the assessee holding tha<thc reassessment under s. 34 for the year 1944-45 was not valid. The Commissioner appealed to the Supreme Court.
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E HELD : The first return submitted by the assessce was a 'lllid return under s. 22(3). The Department could not therefore, ignore it and issue nolice under s. 34 on the assumption that there had been an omission or failure on the part of the assessce to make a return under s. 22. [884 B-C; 887 CJ
Section 22(3) permits an assessee to furnish a return at any time before the assessment is made, that is, before the time mentioned in s. 34(3). It need not be a voluntary return in the sense that it must be. suo motu. If F the first notice under s. 34 was held to be bad because the Commissioner's sanction was not obtained as required by the amendment of 1948, it did not follow that a return made in pursuance of it must also be treated .. bad. If a return otherwise valid is filed by an assessee before the receipt of a valid notice under s. 34, it has to be treated as a valid return within s. 22(3). [886 F-H; 889 C-D, Fl
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Commiss!oner of Income-tax) Bihar and Orissa v. Mahara}a Pratap Singh Bahadur of Gidhaur, (1961) 411.T.R. 421, distinguished.
Commissioner of Income-tax, Bombay City. v. Ranchodda.v Karsondas, (1959) 36 l.T.R. 569, referred to.
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R. K. Das & Co. v. Commissioner of Income-tax, West Bengal, ( 1956) 30 l.T.R. 439. overruled.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1096 of H 1963.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment dated January 3, 1961 of the Madras High Court in Caso Referred No. 114 of 1956. L2Sup/6S-13
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[ 1965] I S.C.R.
884 SUPREMI! COURT REPORTS
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K. N. Rajagopala Sa.<tri, R. Ii. Dhebar and R. N. Sachthry, for A the appellant.
S. Swaminathan and R. Gopalakrishnan, for the respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Sikri J. This is an appeal by special leave directed against n the judgment of the Madras High Court answering the question "whether the reassessment under s. 34 (of the Indian Income Tax Act, I 922) completed on 30th June, 1953 for the year I 944-45 is valid' in the negative. The relevant facts are as follows :
The respondent, hereinafter referred to as the assessee is a Hindu undivided family. For the assessment years 1944-45 and 1945-46, the assessee filed no returns under s. 22 of the Indian Income Tax Act, hereinafter referred to as the Act, nor were any notices issued under s. 22(2) of the Act. On April 3, 1948. the Income Tax Officer issued notices under s. 34 for both the assessuu:nt years. At that lime it was not necessary to obtain sanction of the Commissioner of Income Tax and none was obtained. The asscssee filed a return for the assessment year 1944-45 on Septemhcr 4, 1948, showing an income of Rs. 4,053 which was below the HUf' taxable limit of Rs. 7.200. The assessee also filed a return for the assessment yeaf 1945-46. It appears that the Income Tax Officer dropped proceedings for 1944-45 as infructuous. but for the assessment year 19-15-46, he passed an order on October 27, 1950. determining the net taxable incom~ as Rs. 1,20,603. · The "'"cssec aprealcd to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and then appealed to the Appellate Tribunal. On November 19, 1952. the Appellate Tribunal allowed the appeal in p:1rt. It held that our of a total profit of Rs. 79,760 arising from the sale of certain properties. only Rs. 33.000 was as.;essable in the asse<smcnt year 1945-46 and Rs. 46.760 was assessable in the ass"ssment year 1944-45. The Appellate Tribunal ob<ervcd thus in the order:
"The Income Tax Officer is at liberty to take such action as he may be advised about the assessee's liability for the earlier year 1944-45."
On Fehruary 27, 1953. after having obtained the sanction of the Commissioner. the Income Tax Officer issued a notice purpNtin!! to he under s. 34 of the Act in respect of the assessment year 1944-45. It is the validity of this notice that is now in question. The Income Ta't Officer passed an order on June 30, 1953, assessing the total income as Rs. 51,523. The Appellate Assistant
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C.I.T, V. RAMAN CHETTIAR (Sikri J.)
885
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At the instance of the assessee, the Appellate Tribunal referred the question set out in the beginning of the judgment. The High Court, as already stated, answered the question in the negatjve. It held that notwithstanding that the return filed by the assessee on D September 4, 1948, was the result of an invalid notice, the return itself could not be ignored or disregarded by the Department, and the Department cannot issue a further notice under s. 34( 1) (a) of the Act on the assumption that there had been an omission or failure on the part of the assessee to make a return of his income under s. 22. It further held that the .ratio of the decision of this Court in E Commissioner of Income-tax v. Ranchhodas Karsondas(') governed the present case.
Mr. Rajagopala Sastri, the learned counsel for. the appellant, submits that the return was not voluntary and as it was made in pursuance of an invalid notice, must also be treated as invalid~ He says that no assessment could be made on its basis. He further F says that the case of Ranchhodas Karsondas(') is distinguishable.
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The learned counsel for the assessee raises an objection to this new point being urged at this stage. He points out that in the statement of the case, filed in this Court on behalf of the appellant, one proposition of law is put thus:
"The notice issued on 3rd April 1948 and return filed on 4th September 1948 being valid the proceedings thus initiated came to an end on 27th October, 1950, and there were no proceedings pending when the second notice was issued on 27th February, 1953."
(I} [1960 I S.C.R. 114.
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[i 965) I S.C.R.
886
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
added that in this case assessment could have been made by the Income Tax Officer till March 31, I 949. under s. 23, tre,:ting the return as one made under s. 22.
In our opinion the appellant is not raising ar1y new point. It is true that in the above cited proposition the appellant says that \I" return is valid but this foUows the assertion that the notice i';sued on April 3, 1948 is valid. In another part of the statement of the case, however, the appellant states that "the return was not a voluntary return and. thcrdorc. could not b·~ rc·g:irded as a return on which valid assessment could be made, the case was one where no return had been filed and was abo one where income had escaped asses>1ncnt. Clause (a) of section 34 ( 1 ) was therefore applicable and the second notice under settion 34 was given within the period allowed hy law".
The short question which arises in this case is whether the return da:ed September 4, 1948, can be treated as valid return under s. 22 ( 3) of the Act. Section 22 ( 3) is in the following terms:
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"22(3). If any person has not furnished a return within the time allowed by or under sub-section (I) or sub-section (2), or having furnished a return under either of those sub-sections, distovcrs any omission or wrong statement therein, he may furnish 3 relurn or a revi<cd return. as the case may be, at any iimc before the assessment is made."
,Section 22 ( 3) permits an assessee to furnish a return at any time before the assessment is made. By virtue of s. 34(3), as it stood in 1949, assessment could ha'e been made at least up to March 31. 1949, if the return was valid. Therefore, it may be implied, as laid down in S. Santosha Nadar v. First Additional Income-Tax Of]icrr. T11ticori11 (1 ) and' Commi.uioner of Income-Tax Bombay City II v. Bhagwandas Amersey(') that tile return must be filed before the time mentioned in s. 34(3 ). This condition is, however. satisfied in this case. Mr. Sastri says that it is further implicit ins. 22(3) that the return must be voluntary. We arc unable to appreciate that every return made unde1 s. 22(3) must be a voluntary return, in the sense that it must be suo motu. If a return is made in pursuance to a general notice under s. 22( 1 ). or a special notice under s. 22(2), it is a return made voluntary but not suo motu. It is a return made in response to a public notice or a special notice. lf no return is made in response to notices ------- --· (ll (1961) L2 I .T.R. 715 (2) (1963) 50 l.T.R. 239
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C.I.T. v. RAMAN CHETTIAR (Sikri J.)
887
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A under s. 22(1), ands. 22(2), the Act attaches certain penalti6S. In our view, it is not correct first to describe a return made under s. 22(3) in response to a notice under s. 22(1) ors. 22.(2) as voluntary, and then say that a return made in response to a notice under s. 34 is not voluntary just because it warns the assessee that some income has escaped assessment. In our opinion, both types B of returns are under s. 22(3) of the Act. In the first type of cases it is directly under s. 22(3). In case of a notice under s. 34, it is deemed to be notice under s .. 22(2) and the return deemed to be a return under s. 22(3). From the language of s. 22 ( 3), we are unable to say that the return dated September 4, 1948; was not a return withins. 22(3).
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Mr. Sastri. however, says that this Court proceeded on a contrary view in Commissioner of Income-tax Bihar and Orissa v. Maharaja Pratap Singh Bahadur of Gidhaur('). Let us then see what was decided by this Court. Shortly stated, the facts in that case were that the Maharajah had agricultural income and interest received by him on arrears of rent for the four assessment years 1944~45 to 1947-48. The Income Tax authorities did not include in his assessable income interest received by him on arrears of rent o;i the ground that it was agricultural income. This view was held to be wrong by the Privy Council. The Income Tax Officer E issued notices under s. 34 on August 8, 1948, without obtaining the approval of the Commissioner: Section 34 was amended by the Income-Tax Business Profits Tax (Amendment) Act, 1948 (XL VllI of 1948). Asse;ments were made on the basis of the above notices dated August 3, 1948. The question referred to the Hih Court was: "Whether in the circumstances of the case assess• F m;nt proceedings were validly initiated under s. 34 of the Indian Income Tax Act". This Court held that:
"As the Amending Act repealed the original section 34 not from the day it was promulgated but from an earlier date, March 30, 1948, and substituted in its place G the re-enacted section containing the proviso, and provided that the re-enacted section shall be deemed to have come into force with retrospective effec;t on March 30, 1948, the application of section 6 of the General Clauses Act was excluded. As the notices were all issued on August 8, 1948, at a time when on the statute book must H be deemed to be existing a provision enjoining a duty upon the Income Tax Officer to record his reasons and
~~(l) lt96l] -- --~ 2 S.C;R. 760.
(1965] I S.C.R.
SUPREME COURT REPORTS
888
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submit for the approval of the Commissioner before issuing notic:e under section 34, unless that approval was obtained . the notices could not be issued. The notices issued by the Income-Tax Officer without complying with the conditions laid down in the proviso to section 34 ( I ) as re-enacted were invalid, and the entire proceedings for reassessment were illegal."
In view of the question referred to the High Court, this Coult was not really concerned with the validity of the returns made, but Mr. Sastri relies on certain observation made by the High Court anJ this Court. When the reference was before the Patna High Court in Commissioner of Income-Tax, Bihar and Orissa v. Maha· raja Pratap Singh Bahadur('), the learned counsel h,id contended that it was physically impossible for the Income Tax Officer to comply with the requirements of the amended s. 34 on August 8, 1948. The High Court, regarding this contention, observed that "the argument is correct, but the Income Tax Department was prejudiced because notices under s. 34 could be re-issued after the 8th of September, the date of the Amending Act, and after complying with the requirements of the amended section 34". This Court, in the appeal from the above decision, after holding that the notices were invalid, observed:
"Indeed, there was time enough for fresh notices to have been issued, and we fail to see why- the old notices were not recalled and fresh ones issued."
These observations certainly show that this Court assumed that fresh notices could have been issued in that case. Mr. Sastri says that the Department has done exactly what the Supreme Court indicated in that case should be done. But, apart from the fact that there is no discussion on the qQestion of the validity of the return, it is possible to say that on th:\ facts in that case fresh notices could have been issued. In Mahwaja/1 Pratap Singh's(') case, the Maharajah had filed returns for four assessmtnt years 1944-45 to 1947-48 under s. 22, and assessments had been made but the income of the assessee with rel!llrd to interest on arrears of rent was not included .• His returns in pursuance to a notice under s. 34 could not be treated ~s a return under s. 22 ( 3) bec.ause he had already filed returns-.ap.d was not purporting to revise his _previous returns. But in the present case the assessee had never filed a return under s. 22. The first return he filed was in response to ------·--(!) (1956] 30 I.T.R. 484. (2) (t961] 2 S.C.R. 760.
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C.l.T. V. Tu\MAN CHETTIAR (Sikri J.)
889
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This Court in Commissioner .of Income-tax Bombay City v. Ranchhoddas Karsondas (1 ) held that a return showing income B below taxable limit was a good return and the Income Tax Officer could not choose to ignore the. return and issue a notice under s. 34, Hidayatullah J., speaking for the Court, observed that "it is a little difficult to understand how the existence of a return can be ignored once it is filed". But this case is not of much help in determining whether the return in this. case is a good return within c s. 22(3) of the Act.
Mr. Sastri further contends that if the notice under s. 34 is held to be bad, it must follow. that the return made in pursuance of it must also be treated as bad We are satisfied that there is no substance in this contention. The decision of the Calcutta High D Court in R. K. Das & Co. v. Commissioner of Income-Tax West Bengal(') certainly supports Mr. Sastri's contention but, with respect, we are unable to agree with the ·reasoning of the High ·Court. Apart from the fact that this Court did not approve of this decision in Ranchhoddas Karsondas' s case (1 ), we are unable to appreciate that if the Income Tax Officer had based his assess· E ment on the return treating it to be a return under s. 22(3), the assessmen~ wouJd not stand a moment's scrutiny.
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We think that some confusion has crept into this branch of the Income Tax Law by the use of the words 'voluntary return' and a 'non-voluntary return'. Section 22(3) does not use this expression and whatever the impelling cause or motive if a return otherwise valid is filed by an assessee before the receipt of a valid notice under s. 34, it is to be treated as a return within s. 22(3) for it falls within the language of the sub-section.
In the result we agree with the High Court that the question referred to the High Court must be answered in the negative. G Accordingly we dismiss the appeal with costs.
Appeal dismissed.
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(I) [1960] I S.C.R. 114.
(2) [19S6] 30 I T.R. 439.
2 issues framed by the court
Whether a return filed by the assessee on September 4, 1948 in response to an invalid notice under s. 34 could be treated as a valid return under s. 22(3) of the Income-tax Act.
Whether the Department could issue a fresh notice under s. 34 ignoring that return, on the assumption that no return had been made.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Commissioner of Income-tax, Bihar and Orissa v. Maharaja Pratap Singh Bahadur of GidhaurDistinguished¶73
(1961) 41 I.T.R. 421
Commissioner of Income-tax, Bombay City v. Ranchhoddas KarsondasReferred¶94
(1959) 36 I.T.R. 569
R. K. Das & Co. v. Commissioner of Income-tax, West BengalOverruled¶95
(1956) 30 I.T.R. 439
S. Santosha Nadar v. First Additional Income-Tax Officer, TuticorinRelied on¶64
(1961) 42 I.T.R. 715
Commissioner of Income-Tax Bombay City II v. Bhagwandas AmerseyRelied on¶64
(1963) 50 I.T.R. 239
2 provisions across 1 enactments
S. Raman Chettiar
K. Subba Rao
J. C. Shah
S. M. Sikri
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
