In R. Venkata Rao v. Secretary of State for India(') it was held, with reference to the rules made under s. 96-B of the Government of India Act, 1915, that while that section assured that the tenure of office, though at pleasure, would not be subject to capricious and arbitrary action. but would oe regulated by the rules, it gave no right to the appellant, enforceable by action, to hold his office in accordance with those rules. It was held thats. 96-B and the rules made thereunder only made provisions for the redress of grievances by administrative process. The position of the Government servant was, therefore, rather insecure, for his office being held during the pleasure of the Crown under the Government of India Act, 1915, the rules could not over-ride or derogate from the statute and the protection of the rules could not be enforced by action so as to nullify the statute itself. The only protection that the Government servants had was that, by virtue of s. 96-B(l), they could not be dismissed by an authority subordinate ·to tha.t by which they were appointed. The position, however, improved to some extent .under the 1935 Act which, by s. 240(3); gave a further protection, in addition to that provided in s. 240(2) which reproduced the protection of s. 96-B(I) of the Government of India Ad, 1915. We have, therefore, t'? determine the true meaning, scope and ambit of (1) L.R. (1936) 64 I.A. 55,
