Coram Ashutosh Kumar, J. & Lokesh Raj set aside the compensation award of Rs. 12,84,000 by the medical insurance tribunal in a motor accident claim involving Kailash Nath.
The claim was allowed with an interference in the assessment and the quantum of compensation increased to Rs. 24,08,880.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
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HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR
S.B. Civil Miscellaneous Appeal No. 828/2011
Kailash Nath S/o Shri Hema Nath, Aged About 31 Years, Resident of Village Bhudol, Ajmer.
----Appellant-Claimant
Versus
----Respondents-Non-Claimants
For Appellant(s) : Mr. Jai Kishan Yogi, Adv. For Respondent(s) : Mr. Tripurari Sharma, Adv.
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ASHUTOSH KUMAR
Order
10/12/2025
1- vihykFkhZ dSyk'k ukFk }kjk ;g vihy /kkjk&173 eksVj okgu vf/kfu;e&1988 ds vUrxZr U;k;ky; eksVj okgu nq?kZVuk nkok vf/kdj.k] vtesj ¼jkt-½ ¼ftls vkxs ^fo}ku vf/kdj.k* ds uke ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ }kjk Dyse ;kfpdk la[;k&80@2009] dSyk'kukFk cuke cq)kjke o vU; esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnuk a d 15-10-2009 ¼ftls vkxs ^vk{ksfir fu.kZ;* ds uke ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ ds fo#) izLrqr dh xbZ gSA
2- vihykFkhZ dSyk'k ukFk }kjk fo}ku vf/kdj.k ds le{k] eksVj okgu nq?kZVuk esa Lo;a ds vkgr gks tkus ds QyLo:i 49]45]000@& #i;s Dyse izkIr djus gsrq Dyse ;kfpdk izLrqr dh xbZ FkhA fo}ku
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vf/kdj.k }kjk mDr Dyse ;kfpdk dk fuLrkj.k djrs gq, ;kph dks dqy 12]84]000@& #i;s dh {kfriwfrZ jkf'k e; C;kt 06 izfr'kr lkykuk dh nj ls fnyokbZ x;h gSA fo}ku vf/kdj.k ds mDr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ls O;fFkr gksdj gLrxr vihy] vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa c<+ksrjh fd;s tkus gsrq izLrqr dh x;h gSA
3- nkSjkus cgl fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dk rdZ jgk gS fd oDr ?kVuk vihykFkhZ MªkbZoj dk dk;Z dj rFkk okgu gk;j dj jktdh; foHkkxksa esa Bsds ij okgu yxkdj izfrekg 10]000@& #i;s dh vk; vftZr djrk Fkk] ftlds laca/k esa vihykFkhZ }kjk dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2006&2007@foRrh; o"kZ 2005&2006 ls dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2008&2009@foRrh; o"kZ 2007&2008 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk,a i=koyh ij is'k dh x;h Fkh] fdUrq fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk mDr vk;dj foojf.kdkvksa esa nf'kZr vk; dk vkSlr fudkyrs gq, oDr ?kVuk vihykFkhZ dh vkSlr okf"kZd vk; 93]730@& #i;s fu/kkZfjr dh tkdj =qfV dkfjr dh x;h gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dk ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd ekeys dh nq?kZVuk esa vihykFkhZ ds dkfjr gqbZ xaHkhj pksVksa ds QyLo:i vihykFkhZ dk ck;ka iSj ?kqVus ds uhps ls dkVk x;k gS] ftlds QyLo:i vihykFkhZ ds 'kjhj esa dqy 66 izfr'kr LFkk;h fu;ksZX;rk dkfjr gksuk ik;k x;k gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dk ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dh deh ds en esa dksbZ lewfpr jkf'k vihykFkhZ dks ugha fnyokbZ x;h gS rFkk 'kkjhfjd o ekufld ihM+k dh en esa o vU; enksa esa Hkh vR;f/kd de jkf'k fnyokbZ x;h gS] ftuesa c<+ksrjh dh tkosA vr% vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr vihy Lohdkj dh tkdj {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa c<+ksrjh fd;s tkus dh izkFkZuk dh x;hA
4- blds foijhr fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ chek dEiuh dh vksj ls vihykFkhZ ds mijksDr rdksZa dk fojks/k djrs gq, fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk ikfjr
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fd;s x;s fu.kZ; dh iqf"V fd;s tkus rFkk vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls lafLFkr dh x;h vihy dks fujLr fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;k x;kA
5- nksuksa i{kksa dks lquk x;kA i=koyh o fo}ku vf/kdj.k ds vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA
6- ekeys dh nq?kZVuk esa vihykFkhZ ds dkfjr gqbZ lk/kkj.k o xaHkhj pksVksa ds QyLo:i vihykFkhZ ds 'kjhj ij dqy 66 izfr'kr LFkk;h fu;ksZX;rk vkuk ik;k x;k gSA eksVj nq?kZVuk esa vkgr O;fDr;ksa dks {kfriwfrZ fnyok;s tkus ds lanHkZ esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vius U;kf;d n`"Vkar Anant Son
of Sidheswar Dukre Vs. Pratap Son of Zhampannappa Lamzane & Anr. reported in (2018) 9 Supreme Court Cases
450, esa fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k gS tks fuEu izdkj ls gS %&
“ 12 . In case of motor accidents leading to injuries and disablements, it is a well settled principle that a person must not only be compensated for his physical injury, but also for the non-pecuniary losses which he has suffered due to the injury. The claimant is entitled to be compensated for his inability to lead a full life, and enjoy those things and amenities which he would have enjoyed, but for the injuries.
13 . The purpose of compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act is to fully and adequately restore the aggrieved to the position prior to the accident. This Court in Yadava Kumar v. National Insurance Co. Ltd. explained “just compensation” in the following words:
15 . It goes without saying that in matters of determination of compensation both the tribunal and the court are statutorily charged with a responsibility of fixing a “just compensation”. It is obviously true that determination of a just compensation cannot be equated to a bonanza. At the same time the concept of “just compensation” obviously suggests application of fair and equitable principles and a reasonable approach on the part of the tribunals and courts. This
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reasonableness on the part of the tribunal and court must be on a large peripheral field.”
7- i=koyh ds voyksdu ls izdV gksrk gS fd ekeys dh ?kVuk fnukad 22-05-2008 dh gksuk crkbZ x;h gS rFkk oDr ?kVuk vihykFkhZ dks 31 o"kZ dh vk;q dk gksuk crkrs gq, MªkbZoj dk dk;Z dj rFkk okgu gk;j dj jktdh; foHkkxksa esa Bsds ij okgu yxkdj izfrekg 10]000@& #i;s dh vk; vftZr djuk vo'; crk;k x;k gSA vihykFkhZ }kjk Lo;a dh vk; ds laca/k esa dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2006&2007@foRrh; o"kZ 2005&2006 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&16] dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2007&2008@foRrh; o"kZ 2006&2007 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&15 rFkk dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2008&2009@foRrh; o"kZ 2007&2008 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&14] fo}ku vf/kdj.k ds le{k izLrqr dh xbZ FkhA vihykFkhZ dh foRrh; o"kZ 2005&2006@dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2006&2007 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&16 esa vihykFkhZ dh O;olk; ls dqy okf"kZd vk; 84]703@& #i;s] foRrh; o"kZ 2006&2007@dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2007&2008 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&15 esa O;olk; ls dqy okf"kZd vk; 1]06]436@& #i;s rFkk foRrh; o"kZ 2007&2008@dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2008&2009 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&14 esa O;olk; ls dqy okf"kZd vk; 1]20]000@& #i;s n'kkZ;h x;h gSA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk vihykFkhZ }kjk nq?kZVuk iwoZ nkf[ky dh xbZ o"kZ 2005&2006] 2006&2007 rFkk 2007&2008 dh vk;dj foojf.k;ksa esa n'kkZ;h x;h vk; dk vkSlr fudkyrs gq, vihykFkhZ dh dqy okf"kZd vk; 93]730@& #i;s fu/kkZfjr dh x;h gSA tcfd vihykFkhZ dh vk; mlds }kjk nq?kZVuk iwoZ nkf[ky dh x;h vafre vk;dj foojf.kdk ds vk/kkj ij fu/kkZfjr dh tkuh pkfg, FkhA vihykFkhZ }kjk nq?kZVuk iwoZ nkf[ky dh x;h foRrh; o"kZ 2007&2008@dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2008&2009 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&14 esa vihykFkhZ dh O;olk; ls vk; 1]20]000@& #i;s crkbZ xbZ gSA bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk U;kf;d n`"Vkar Malarvizhi (supra) ds ekeys esa ;g er O;Dr fd;k gS fd vk;dj foojf.kdk ,d
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fof/kd nLrkost gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij vkgr@erd dh okf"kZd vk; fu/kkZfjr dh tk ldrh gSA blh izdkj ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk U;kf;d n"Vkar Smt. Sangita Arya & Ors. Vs. Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd. & Ors. reported in 2020(2) SCC (Cri) 905 ds ekeys esa ;g Hkh er O;Dr fd;k gS fd %&
8- bl ekeys esa vihykFkhZ }kjk Lo;a dh dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2006&2007@foRrh; o"kZ 2005&2006 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&16] dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2007&2008@foRrh; o"kZ 2006&2007 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&15 rFkk dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2008&2009@foRrh; o"kZ 2007&2008 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&14 i=koyh ij is'k dh x;h gaS tks fd vihykFkhZ dh nq?kZVuk ls Bhd iwoZ dh vk;dj foojf.kdk,a gS tks Lo;a vihykFkhZ }kjk nq?kZVuk iwoZ nkf[ky dh x;h gSa] ftu ij vfo'okl djus dk dksbZ vk/kkj gekjs le{k ugha gSA ?kVuk fnukad 22-05-2008 dh crkbZ x;h gS rFkk vihykFkhZ dh foRrh; o"kZ 2007&2008@dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2008&2009 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&14] Lo;a vihykFkhZ }kjk fnukad 20-10-2008 dks nkf[ky dh x;h gSA
9- bl izdkj mijksDr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dh jks'kuh esa ge] vihykFkhZ dh foRrh; o"kZ 2007&2008@dj fu/kkZj.k o"kZ 2008&2009 dh vk;dj foojf.kdk izn'kZ&14 esa n'kkZ;h x;h lEiw.kZ vk; 1]20]000@& #i;s dks vihykFkhZ dh okf"kZd vk; fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkuk mfpr le>rs gSaA fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk oDr ?kVuk vihykFkhZ dh vk;q 32 o"kZ fu/kkZfjr dh x;h gSA
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pwafd oDr ?kVuk vihykFkhZ 32 o"kZ dh vk;q dk Lofu;ksftr O;olk;h FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa us'kuy ba';ksjsal dEiuh fyfeVsM cuke iz.k; lsBh o vU; fjiksVsZM bu ¼2017½ 16 ,l-lh-lh- 680 esa izfrikfnr fl)kUr ds vuqlkj vihykFkhZ dh vk;q dks nf"Vxr j[krs gq, vihykFkhZ dh fu/kkZfjr okf"kZd vk; ij Hkfo"; dh izR;k'kk dh en esa 40 izfr'kr dh Hkfo"; of) fd;k tkuk visf{kr gSA rn~uqlkj vihykFkhZ dh fu/kkZfjr okf"kZd vk; 1]20]000@&#i;s dk 40 izfr'kr 48]000@& #i;s gksrk gSA mDr 40 izfr'kr jkf'k dks vihykFkhZ dh fu/kkZfjr okf"kZd vk; esa tksM+s tkus ds mijkar vihykFkhZ dh dqy okf"kZd vk; 1]68]000@& #i;s gksrh gS] tks {kfriwfrZ ds fu/kkZj.k dk vk/kkj jgsxhA
10gLrxr nq?kZVuk esa vihykFkhZ ds 'kjhj ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa lk/kkj.k o xaHkhj pksVsa dkfjr gqbZ rFkk vihykFkhZ ds ck;sa iSj esa dkfjr gqbZ vfLFk Hkax dh xaHkhj pksVsa ds QyLo:i vihykFkhZ dk ck;ka iSj ?kqVus ds uhps ls dkVk x;k gS] ftuds QyLo:i vihykFkhZ ds 'kjhj esa dqy 66 izfr’kr LFkk;h fu;ksZX;rk vkuk ik;k x;k gS] tSlk fd LFkkbZ fu;ksZX;rk izek.k&i= izn'kZ&18 ds voyksdu ls Li"V gSA oDr ?kVuk vihykFkhZ dks MªkbZoj dk dk;Z djuk crk;k x;k gS] ftlds laca/k esa vihykFkhZ }kjk Lo;a dk MªkbZfoax ykbZlsal izn'kZ&17 i=koyh ij is'k fd;k x;k gSA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk vihykFkhZ ds dk;Z dh izÑfr dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, LFkk;h fu;ksZX;rk izek.k i= izn'kZ&18 esa n'kkZ;h x;h LFkk;h fu;ksZX;rk dks lEiw.kZ 'kjhj ds ifjizs{; esa Hkh 66 izfr'kr gksuk ekuk x;k gSA fo}ku vf/kdj.k ds mDr fu"d"kZ esa ge dksbZ gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha le>rs gSaA bl izdkj fuf’pr :i ls vihykFkhZ dks Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh vk; esa deh gksuk LokHkkfod gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa vihykFkhZ dks 66 izfr'kr LFkk;h fu;ksZX;rk gksus ds vk/kkj ij ge] vihykFkhZ dks vk; dh {kfr Hkh 66 izfr’kr gksuk ikrs gSaA rn~uqlkj vihykFkhZ dh okf"kZd vk; 1]68]000@& #i;s dk 66 izfr’kr 1]10]880@& #i;s gksrk gS tks vihykFkhZ dks Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh vk; dh okf"kZd {kfr gSA oDr ?kVuk vihykFkhZ dh vk;q 32 o"kZ fu/kkZfjr dh x;h gSA
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,slh fLFkfr esa ljyk oekZ o vU; cuke nsgyh VªkaliksVZ dkWiksZjs'ku o vU; fjiksVZsM bu ¼2009½ 6 ,l-lh-lh- 121 rFkk iz.k; lsBh ¼mijksDr½ ds ekeyksa esa izfrikfnr fl)kUr ds vuqlkj vihykFkhZ dks Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh vk; dh {kfriwfrZ dh x.kuk gsrq vihykFkhZ dh 32 o"kZ dh vk;q dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, 16 dk xq.kd yxk;k tkuk visf{kr gSA rn~uqlkj vihykFkhZ dks Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh vk; dh dqy {kfr 1]10]880 x 16 = 17]74]080@& #i;s gksrh gS tks vihykFkhZ izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh gSA
11fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk 'kkjhfjd o ekufld ihM+k dh en esa 1]00]000@& #i;s] bykt ij O;; gqbZ jkf'k ds en esa 97]000@& #i;s] ikSf"Vd vkgkj dh en esa 50]000@& #i;s rFkk byktjr vof/k ds nkSjku gqbZ N% ekg vk; dh gkfu ds en esa 47]000@& #i;s dh jkf'k vihykFkhZ dks fnyokbZ x;h gSA fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk mDr enksa esa fnyokbZ x;h jkf'k esa ge dksbZ gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha le>rs gSaA
12fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk vihykFkhZ dks Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dh deh ds en esa dksbZ jkf'k ugha fnyokbZ x;h gSA vr% Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dh deh ds en esa ge] 66]000@& #i;s dh jkf'k vihykFkhZ dks fnyok;k tkuk mfpr le>rs gSaA 13fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk vihykFkhZ dks ;krk;kr o ifjogu ij O;; dh xbZ jkf'k ds en esa i`Fkd ls dksbZ jkf'k ugha fnyokbZ x;h gSA vr% ;krk;kr o ifjogu dh en esa ge] 20]000@& #i;s dh jkf'k vihykFkhZ dks fnyok;k tkuk mfpr le>rs gSaA
14nq?kZVuk esa vkbZ pksVk s a ds QyLo:i vihykFkhZ fnukad 22-05-2008 ls 09-07-2008 rd dqy 49 fnol o fnukad 18-08-2008 ls 26-08-2008 rd dqy 09 fnol rd] bl izdkj vihykFkhZ dqy 58 fnol vLirky esa HkrhZ jgk gSA fdUrq fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk mDr en esa i`Fkd ls dksbZ jkf'k vihykFkhZ dks ugha fnyokbZ x;h gSA vr% 58 fnol rd vLirky esa HkrhZ jgus dh en esa ge] 600@& #i;s izfrfnu dh nj ls dqy 34]800@& #i;s dh jkf'k vihykFkhZ dks fnyok;k tkuk mfpr le>rs gSaA
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15fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk vihykFkhZ dks ifjpkjd@lgk;d dh en esa iFkd ls dksbZ jkf'k ugha fnyokbZ xbZ gSA tcfd vihykFkhZ ds iSj esa dkfjr gqbZ xaHkhj pksVkas ds QyLo:i vihykFkhZ ds ck;sa iSj dks fpfdRld }kjk ?kqVus ds uhps ls dkVk x;k gS] ftlds QyLo:i vihykFkhZ viuk 'ks"k thou nwljksa ds lgkjs thus gsrq ck/; gks x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ge] vihykFkhZ dks ifjpkjd@lgk;d dh en esa 1]20]000@& #i;s dh jkf'k iFkd ls fnyok;k tkuk mfpr le>rs gSaA
16bykt ds nkSjku vihykFkhZ dk ck;ka iSj ?kqVus ds uhps ls dkVk x;k gSA vr% vihykFkhZ }kjk Hkfo"; esa Ñf=e vax ¼vkfVZfQf'k;y fyEc½ yxok;s tkus dh laHkkouk dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq,] mDr en esa ge] 1]00]000@& #i;s dh jkf'k vihykFkhZ dks fnyok;k tkuk mfpr le>rs gSaA
17mDrkuqlkj vihykFkhZ@DysesaV fuEu izdkj ls {kfriwfrZ jkf'k izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh gS %&
| Øe la[;k |
'kh"kZ@en | bl fu.kZ; ds rgr fu/kkZfjr dh x;h jkf’k¼#i;s esa½ |
|---|---|---|
| 1- | Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh vk; vtZu dh {kerk esa deh ds en esa |
17]74]080@& |
| 2- | 'kkjhfjd o ekufld ihM+k dh en esa | 1]00]000@& |
| 3- | Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dh deh ds en esa | 66]000@& |
| 4- | bykt ij [kpZ gqbZ jkf'k ds en esa | 97]000@& |
| 5- | ikSf"Vd vkgkj dh en esa | 50]000@& |
| 6- | ;krk;kr o ifjogu ij O;; gqbZ jkf'k ds en esa | 20]000@& |
| 7- | 58 fnol rd vLirky esa HkrhZ jgus dh en esa | 34]800@& |
| 8- | byktjr vof/k ds nkSjku gqbZ N% ekg vk; dh gkfu ds en esa |
47]000@& |
| 9- | ifjpkjd@lgk;d dh en esa | 1]20]000@& |
| 10- | Ñf=e vax vkfn ij O;; jkf'k ds en esa | 1]00]000@& |
| bl U;k;ky; }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ {kfriwfrZ jkf'k | 24]08]880@& | |
| fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk fnyokbZ xbZ {kfriwfrZ jkf'k¼&½ | 12]84]000@& | |
| c<+ksrjh i'pkr {kfriwfrZ jkf'k esa varj | 11]24]880@& |
18rnuqlkj vihykFkhZ }kjk izLrqr ;g vihy vkaf’kd :i ls Lohdkj dh tkdj fo}ku vf/kdj.k }kjk ikfjr iapkV] ftlds }kjk vihykFkhZ@DysesaV dks 12]84]000@& :i;s fnyok;s tkus dk vkns'k ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] ds
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LFkku ij 24]08]880@& #i;s dk iapkV ikfjr fd;k tkrk gSA mDr jkf'k ij fu;ekuqlkj vk;dj dVkSrh dh tkosxhA vihykFkhZ }kjk iwoZ esa izkIr dh x;h jkf’k dks iapkV jkf’k esa ls lek;ksftr fd;k tkdj 'ks"k jkf’k vihykFkhZ izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh ik;k tkrk gSaA
(ASHUTOSH KUMAR),J
LOKESH RAJ /7
3 issues framed by the court
Whether the compensation awarded by the Tribunal was just and adequate given the statutory formula.
Whether the claimant's age of 32 years justifies awarding 40% of his estimated income for non-pecuniary loss.
Whether the residual special aggregate of Rs. 1,00,000 should be further increased for loss of future earning and mental agony.
Kailash Nath
Buddha Ram
Ramchandra
Oriental Insurance Company Ltd.
Ashutosh Kumar
Lokesh Raj
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
