The Court dismissed the petition to quash FIR under Section 384 IPC, holding that the allegations of demanding money and threatening demolition if unpaid disclose the ingredients of extortion. The dispute was distinguished from civil nature disputes, and the FIR was held to be valid.
Petition dismissed; FIR under Section 384 IPC not quashed.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
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HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT JODHPUR
S.B. Criminal Misc(Pet.) No. 3796/2024
Manish Rathore S/o Sh. Mohan Lal, Aged About 35 Years, R/o House No. 18, Ramdev Road, durga Colony, Pali, Raj.
----Petitioner
Versus
----Respondents
For Petitioner(s) : Mr. Aidan Choudhary For Respondent(s) : Mr. SK Bhati, PP
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT
Order
Order Reserved on 26/07/2024 Date of Pronouncement 08/08/2024 Reportable
01;kph dh vksj ls ;g ;kfpdk vUrxZr /kkjk 482 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr izLrqr dj izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 262@2024] iqfyl Fkkuk dksrokyh] ikyh] ftyk ikyh] vijk/k vUrxZr /kkjk 384 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk o blds vk/kkj ij gksus okyh i'pkrorhZ dk;Zokgh dks fujLr fd;s tkus dh izkFkZuk dh xbZ gSA
02la{ksi esa ekeys ds rF; bl izdkj ls gSa fd eqLrxhl&v;kph la[;k 02 v'kksd oS".ko dh vksj ls ,d izkFkZuk i= Fkkukf/kdkjh] iqfyl Fkkuk flVh dksrokyh] ikyh ds le{k fnukad 23-05-2024 dks is'k dj ;g fuosnu fd;k fd eqLrxhl fnukad 04-03-2020 dks Jherh xqfM;k nsoh ls ,d fuekZ.klqnk Hkw[k.M viuh iRuh ds uke ls [kjhnk FkkA edku ij Vhu'ksM gVkdj Nr Myok jgs Fks] rc euh"k jkBkSM+ ftlus vius vkidks i=dkj crk;k vkSj eqLrxhl dks fuekZ.k ugha djus ds fy;s cksyk vkSj dgk fd bl txg ij fuekZ.k djuk gS rks mls nks yk[k ipkl gtkj #i;s nsus iM+saxs] ojuk mldh igqap cgqr Åij rd gS vkSj uxj&ifj"kn esa dgdj edku iwjk rqM+ok nsxkA vxys gh fnu uxj&ifj"kn deZpkjh dke dks jksdus dks vk x;sA euh"k jkBkSM+ 'kke dks nqckjk ?kj vk;k vkSj ?kj dk ohfM;ks cukus yxk vkSj dgk fd vHkh Hkh cksy jgk gwa iSls ns nks] ojuk iwjk edku rqM+ok nqaxk] rc Mj ds ekjs eqLrxhl o mldh iRuh us etnwjksa dks nsus ds fy;s ?kj esa j[ks iPphl gtkj #i;s mls ns fn;sA
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03nwljs fnu ckdh iSls nsus ds fy;s Mjk;k /kedk;k] ftl ij eqLrxhl iwoZ fo/kk;d ds ikl x;k vkSj lkjh ckr crkbZ] ftUgksaus vk;qDr uxj&ifj"kn] ikyh dks Qksu fd;k] rc eqLrxhl uxj&ifj"kn vk;qDr ds ikl x;k vkSj lkjh ckr crkbZ] exj mlds nks fnu ckn gh uxj&ifj"kn dh Vhe tslhch ysdj vkbZ vkSj mlds edku dks rksM+uk 'kq: dj fn;k] fcuk uksfVl ckcr~ dk;Zokgh djus ij iwNus ij crk;k fd euh"k jkBkSM+ ckj&ckj f'kdk;r dj jgk gS ;k rks mlls feydj ekeyk fuiVk yks] ojuk vkidks ,sls gh ijs'kku djrk jgsxk] oxSjk&oxSjk fjiksVZ ij izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 262@2024 vUrxZr /kkjk 384 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk esa ntZ dj rQ~rh'k dh xbZ] ftl ij izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ o mlds vk/kkj ij py jgh dk;Zokgh dks fujLr djus dh izkFkZuk ;kph dh vksj ls dh xbZ gSA
04;kph dh vksj ls viuh ;kfpdk esa ;g fuosnu fd;k fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ es a eux<+ar rF; vafdr fd;s x;s gSa vkSj ;kph dks >wBk Qalk;k x;k gSA ;kph }kjk dksbZ vijk/k ugha fd;k x;k gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ dkQh nsjh ls ntZ djkbZ xbZ gS] ftldk dksbZ larks"ktud dkj.k vafdr ugha fd;k x;k gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ Abuse of the process of law gS] tks fujLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA eqLrxhl o lacaf/kr iqfyl ds e/; lkaBxkaB gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ jktuhfrd mn~ns'; ls iqfyl ls feydj ntZ djokbZ xbZ gSA bl vk/kkj ij izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ o mlds rgr dh tk jgh dk;Zokgh dks fujLr fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA
05cgl ;kfpdk lquh xbZA
06;ksX; vf/koDrk ;kph dh vksj ls ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k gS fd bl ekeys esa eqLrxhl }kjk ljdkjh Hkwfe ij vfrØe.k fd;k tk jgk Fkk] ftldks gVkus ckcr~ ek.kdyky 'kekZ }kjk f'kdk;r dh xbZ Fkh] ftl ij eqLrxhl dks uksfVl fn;k x;k vkSj uxj&ifj"kn] ikyh }kjk iqfyl v/kh{kd egksn; dks iqfyl benkn miyC/k djokus gsrq dgk x;k] ftl ij uktk;t+ dCtk eqLrxhl dk gVk;k x;k] bl ckcr~ fjdkWMZ ;kfpdk ds lkFk is'k fd;s x;s gSaA ;kph }kjk dksbZ jde dh ekax ugha dh xbZA ;kph dks >wBk Qalk;k tk jgk gSA bl vk/kkj ij izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fujLr fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;k x;kA
07;ksX; yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk bldk l[r fojks/k djrs gq;s Fkkukf/kdkjh] iqfyl Fkkuk dksrokyh] ikyh dh fjiksVZ fnukad 02-07-2024 is'k dj crk;k fd bl ekeys esa ;kph euh"k jkBkSM+ i=dkj us ncko cukdj voS/k rjhds ls nks yk[k ipkl gtkj #i;s dh ekax dh Fkh vkSj iPphl gtkj #i;s voS/k rjhds ls izkIr fd;s x;s vkSj eqLrxhl ds fuekZ.k/khu edku dk ohfM;ks cukdj uxj&ifj"kn ikyh ds
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vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa ij eqLrxhl dk edku rksM+us dk ncko cuk;kA bl vk/kkj ij /kkjk 384 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk dk vijk/k izekf.kr ik;k x;k vkSj ;kph ds fo#) vU; izdj.k Hkh blh izdkj ds yafcr gSA vr% bl vk/kkj ij ;kfpdk [kkfjt fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;k vkSj dsl Mk;jh voyksdu gsrq izLrqr dhA
08eSaus mijksDr rdksZa ij euu fd;k rFkk dsl Mk;jh dk voyksdu fd;kA 09loZizFke fof/kd fLFkfr ij fopkj fd;k tk jgk gSA /kkjk 482 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; dk uohure U;kf;d n`"Vkar ujs'k dqekj cuke LVsV vkWQ dukZVdk] 2024 INSC ist 196 ds ekeys esa iSjk la[;k 6 esa fuEukuqlkj fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;s x;s gSa %&
"6. In the case of Paramjeet Batra v. State of Uttarakhand (2013) 11 SCC 673, this Court recognized that although the inherent powers of a High Court under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure should be exercised sparingly, yet the High Court must not hesitate in quashing such criminal proceedings which are essentially of a civil nature. This is what was held:
Relying upon the decision in Paramjeet Batra (supra), this Court in Randheer Singh v. State of U.P. (2021) 14 SCC 626, observed that criminal proceedings cannot be taken recourse to as a weapon of harassment. In Usha Chakraborty & Anr. v. State of West Bengal & Anr. 2023 SCC OnLine SC 90, relying upon Paramjeet Batra (supra) it was again held that where a dispute which is essentially of a civil nature, is given a cloak of a criminal offence, then such disputes can be quashed, by exercising the inherent powers under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure."
10mDr U;kf;d n`"Vkar ds eqrkfcd U;k;ky; }kjk /kkjk 482 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr iznÙk 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx abuse of the process of any court or
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otherwise to secure ends of justice ds fy;s gh fdQk;r ls fd;s tkus dk fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA
11/kkjk 384 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ds vijk/k ds laca/k esa fo}ku vf/koDrk ;kph dh vksj ls bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Kamal Kant Kumhar Vs. State of Rajasthan & Ors., SB Criminal Misc.(Pet.) No. 1036/2018 fu.kZ; fnukad 27-02-2023 izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa fu.kZ; ds ist la[;k 6 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds Dhananjay @ Dhananjay Kumar Vs. State of Bihar, 2007 (1) Supreme (SC) Page 922 dk mYys[k djrs gq;s /kkjk 384 ds fy;s vko';d rRoksa ds ckjs esa vafdr fd;k x;k gSA
12ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds Dhananjay @ Dhananjay Kumar ¼iwoksZDr½ ds ekeys esa izfrikfnr fl)karksa ij fopkj fd;k x;k gSA bl U;kf;d n"Vkar ds iSjk la[;k 5 o 6 esa fuEukuqlkj /kkjk 383 o 384 ds ckjs esa mYysf[kr fd;k x;k gS vkSj 4 egRoiw.kZ rRo gksus dh voLFkk esa gh vijk/k /kkjk 384 dk cuuk ik;s tkus dk fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA mDr U;kf;d n"Vkar ds iSjk la[;k 5 o 6 fuEukuqlkj gS %&
"5. Section 384 provides for punishment for extortion. What would be an extortion is provided under Section 383 of the Indian Penal Code in the following terms:
“383. Extortion:—Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or to any other, and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property or valuable security, or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security, commits “extortion”.”
3.The accused must thereby induce the person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property, valuable security or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security.
4.Such inducement must be done dishonestly."
13ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds Abhishek Saxsena Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh, 2023 INSC Page 1088 esa Hkh iSjk la[;k 10 esa /kkjk 384 Hkkjrh;
13-
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naM lafgrk ds ckjs esa vko';d rRoksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA iSjk la[;k 10 fuEukuqlkj gS %&
"10. As relates the alleged commission of offence under Section 384, IPC there can be no doubt that to attract the said offence the following twin ingredients are to be satisfied:
In the absence of such ingredients/accusations in the chargesheet to constitute the said offence it cannot be said a prima facie case of commission of offence under Section 384 is made out therein."
14iwoZ esa of.kZr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa esa izfrikfnr fl)karksa dks en~nsutj j[krs gq;s gLrxr ekeys ij fopkj fd;k x;k gSA gLrxr ekeys esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds voyksdu ls gh ;g Li"V gS fd ;kph }kjk eqLrxhl ds edku dks uxj&ifj"kn ls rqM+okus dh /kedh nsdj nks yk[k ipkl gtkj #i;s dh ekax dh xbZ vkSj ckj&ckj vfHk;qDr ds }kjk ekax djus ij vkSj uxj&ifj"kn ds deZpkjh ekSds ij edku rksM+us ds fy;s vk tkus ij iPphl gtkj #i;s ;kph dks eqLrxhl dh vksj ls fn;s x;sA
15;kph }kjk viuh ;kfpdk ds lkFk nLrkost izLrqr dj ;g crkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd tks edku rksM+us dh dk;Zokgh gqbZ og ek.kdyky 'kekZ ds fuosnu dh otg ls uxj&ifj"kn }kjk dh xbZ vkSj vfrØe.k ekurs gq;s gh dCtk gVk;k x;kA bl laca/k esa ;ksX; yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk tks rF;kRed fjiksVZ fnukafdr 02-07-2024 izLrqr dh xbZ vkSj mlds lkFk dsl Mk;jh is'k dh xbZ] mldk voyksdu fd;k x;kA
16bl ekeys esa eqLrxhl v'kksd nkl oS".ko o mldh iRuh oUnuk oS".ko }kjk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa of.kZr rF;ksa dks vius /kkjk 161 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds c;kuksa esa nksgjk;k gS vkSj ;kph euh"k jkBkSM+ }kjk nks yk[k ipkl gtkj #i;s nsus vkSj #i;s ugha nsus ij iwjk edku rqM+ok nsus dh /kedh nsus vkSj muds ?kj dk ohfM;ks cukuk vkSj iPphl gtkj #i;s Mj ds ekjs ;kph dks ns nsuk] fQj ckdh iSls nsus ds fy;s Mjkuk /kedkuk rFkk iwoZ fo/kk;d Kkupan th ikj[k ds ikl tkdj ?kVuk crkuk vkSj uxj&ifj"kn vk;qDr vk'kqrks"k th ds ikl Hkh tkdj lkjh ?kVuk crkuk] /kkjk 161 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds c;kuk esa crk;k gSA vk'kqrks"k vkpk;Z] vk;qDr uxj&ifj"kn ds Hkh /kkjk 161 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds c;ku fy;s x;s gSa] ftlesa fnukad 17-01-2024 dks v'kksd oS".ko }kjk Lo;a ds edku dks
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jktuSfrd }s"krk ls rksM+us o euh"k jkBkSM+ dh iSls dh ekax djus ds laca/k esa ifjokn Lo;a ds le{k is'k djuk crk;k gSA
17blh izdkj ckny flag esMfr;k] tks dk;Zokgd fujh{kd uxj&ifj"kn gS] ds }kjk vius /kkjk 161 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds c;ku esa v'kksd oS".ko ds f[kykQ voS/k fuekZ.k dh fjiksVZ izkIr gksus ij voS/k fuekZ.k /oLr djuk crk;k gSA euh"k jkBkSM+ ogka ij feyk] ftlus ohfM;ks cuk;k vkSj euh"k jkBkSM+ us dbZ ckj Qksu djds v'kksd oS".ko ds voS/k fuekZ.k rksM+us ij ncko cuk;k vkSj ugha tkus ij euh"k jkBkSM+ ckj&ckj Qksu djds rksM+us ds fy;s i=dkj gksus ds ukrs ncko cuk;k vkSj dgrk fd vxj ugha rksM+k rks vkids f[kykQ U;wt pykmaxkA euh"k jkBkSM+ us dbZ ckj Qksu djds v'kksd oS".ko dk edku rksM+us ds fy;s ncko cuk;kA ckn esa jtr uxj ds yksxksa us crk;k fd euh"k jkBkSM+ dk v'kksd oS".ko dh tehu ij dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA euh"k jkBkSM+ dsoy v'kksd oS".ko ij mlds ekQZr ncko cukdj iSls ysuk pkgrk gS rFkk iSls fy;s Hkh gSA v'kksd oS".ko us dgk fd euh"k jkBkSM+ us mlls iPphl gtkj #i;s fy;s gSA
18xokg guqekuflag us vius /kkjk 161 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds c;ku esa crk;k gS fd euh"k jkBkSM+ dk mlds ikl Qksu vk;k vkSj iwNk fd v'kksd oS".ko dk fuekZ.k dke py jgk gS ;k ugha rks mlus dke pyus ls euk dj fn;k] ckn esa v'kksd oS".ko us Qksu fd;k vkSj crk;k fd euh"k jkBkSM+ ls fey x;k vkSj mldks iPphl gtkj #i;s fn;s gSaA xokg ftrsUnz dqekj us vius /kkjk 161 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds c;ku esa crk;k gS fd og rFkk v'kksd oS".ko tuojh] 2024 esa ckbZd ls vkWfQl tk jgs Fks rks jkLrs esa euh"k jkBkSM+ feyk vkSj :dok;k vkSj euh"k jkBkSM+ us v'kksd oS".ko dks lk{kh ds lkeus dgk fd iSlksa dk D;k gqvk rks v'kksd nkl oS".ko us lk{kh ds lkeus euh"k jkBkSM+ dks dgk fd iSls vHkh ugha gS] vki nks yk[k iPphl gtkj #i;s ekax jgs gks] brus iSls mlds ikl ugha gS] iPphl gtkj #i;s vkidks ns fn;s gSaA euh"k jkBkSM+ us mlds lkeus v'kksd dks dgk fd iSls ugha fn;s rks edku rqM+ok nsxk] mldh uxj&ifj"kn esa vPNh tku&igpku gSA
19bl izdkj bl ekeys esa iqfyl }kjk rQ~rh'k esa ;g ik;k x;k fd ;kph }kjk nks yk[k ipkl gtkj #i;s dh ekax dh xbZ vkSj iPphl gtkj #i;s eqLrxhl ls ys fy;s] 'ks"k jde ugha nsus ij gh edku uxj&ifj"kn ls rqM+okus dh /kedh nsus dk bl ekeys esa vuqla/kku ls ik;k x;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa gLrxr ekeys esa izFke n`"V;k /kkjk 384 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ds ekeys ds vko';d rRo ekStwn gSA ,slh gkyr esa /kkjk 482 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds eqrkfcd Abuse of the process of law dk ekeyk ugha gksus ls gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrkA
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20tgka rd ;ksX; vf/koDrk ;kph dh vksj ls izLrqr Kamal Kant Kumhar ¼iwoksZDr½ ds ekeys dk iz'u gS] rks bl ekeys esa dsoy eqLrxhl ds gh c;ku /kedkus ds laca/k esa Fks vkSj jde eqLrxhl }kjk fn;s tkus dk mYys[k bl ekeys esa ugha Fkk vkSj lks'ky ehfM;k ij dqN ok;jy fd;s tkus dk fjdkWMZ Hkh ugha FkkA bl vk/kkj ij /kkjk 383 ds rRo ekStwn ugha gksus ls /kkjk 384 ds rgr izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ dks gh bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB }kjk fujLr fd;k x;k FkkA ;kph dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkar ds rF; iwoZ esa fd;s x;s foospu ds eqrkfcd gLrxr ekeys ls fHkUu gksus ls bl fu.kZ; dk dksbZ ykHk izkIr djus dk ;kph vf/kdkjh ugha gSA
21tgka rd ;ksX; vf/koDrk ;kph dh vksj ls izLrqr ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n"Vkar Mohammad Wajid & Anr. Vs. State of UP & Ors., 2023 INSC Page 683 ds iSjk la[;k 34 esa izfrikfnr fl)karksa dk iz'u gSA bl ekeys esa ;g fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS fd vfHk;qDr ds fo#) iwoZ esa vU; eqdnesa ntZ gksus ek= ls izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fujLr djus ls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ;fn izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa dksbZ vijk/k ?kfVr gksuk ugha ik;k tkrk gS rks izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fujLr dh tk ldrh gS] eSa bl U;kf;d n"Vkar esa izfrikfnr fl)kar ls iw.kZr;k lger gwaA bl U;kf;d n`"Vkar esa izfrikfnr fl)karksa ds vuqlkj vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls tks iwoZ ds 9 eqdneksa dh lwph vfHk;qDr ds fo#) is'k dh xbZ gS] mlds vk/kkj ij vfHk;qDr dk izkFkZuk i= [kkfjt ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
22bl ekeys esa iwoZ esa fd;s x;s foospu ls izFke n"V;k izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa /kkjk 384 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ds rRo fo|eku gS vkSj vuqla/kku ds nkSjku iqfyl }kjk izFke n"V;k bl laca/k esa i;kZIr lk{; ,df=r dh xbZ gSA ,slh voLFkk esa /kkjk 482 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds izko/kku ds rgr izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ o mlds rgr i'pkrorhZ dk;Zokgh fujLr dh tkuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrk gSA ;kph dh ;kfpdk [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA
23vr% ;kph dh ;kfpdk vUrxZr /kkjk 482 naM izfØ;k lafgrk [kkfjt dh tkrh gS vkSj LFkxu izkFkZuk i= Hkh fuLrkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
(YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT),J
8-GauravG/-
2 issues framed by the court
Whether the FIR under Section 384 IPC discloses essential ingredients of extortion or amounts to abuse of process?
Whether the dispute is essentially of a civil nature disguised as a criminal offence?
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
Paramjeet Batra v. State of UttarakhandRelied on¶27
Paramjeet Batra v. State of Uttarakhand (2013) 11 SCC 673 · Who else cites this
Randheer Singh v. State of U.P.Referred¶31
Randheer Singh v. State of U.P. (2021) 14 SCC 626 · Who else cites this
Usha Chakraborty & Anr. v. State of West Bengal & Anr.Referred¶31
Usha Chakraborty & Anr. v. State of West Bengal & Anr. 2023 SCC OnLine SC 90 · Who else cites this
Kamal Kant Kumhar Vs. State of Rajasthan & Ors.Distinguished¶68
Kamal Kant Kumhar Vs. State of Rajasthan & Ors., SB Criminal Misc.(Pet.) No. 1036/2018
Dhananjay Kumar Vs. State of BiharReferred¶37
Dhananjay @ Dhananjay Kumar Vs. State of Bihar, 2007 (1) Supreme (SC) Page 922
Abhishek Saxsena Vs. State of Uttar PradeshReferred¶46
Abhishek Saxsena Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh, 2023 INSC Page 1088 · Who else cites this
2 provisions across 2 enactments
Manish Rathore
State Of Rajasthan
Ashok Vaishnav
Yogendra Kumar Purohit
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
