Appeal against conviction under IPC Sections 447, 307/34, 325/34 and 323 arising from a 1990 assault over disputed land. The High Court found material contradictions in the FIR and witness accounts, unreliable evidence and a defective investigation, and set aside the convictions.
Conviction judgment dated 26-04-1993 set aside; all appellants acquitted of all offences.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
[2024:RJ-JP:6498]
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR
S.B. Criminal Appeal No. 148/1993
all resident of Khudi Badi, P.S. Laxmangarh District Sikar.
----Accused-Appellant
Versus
State of Rajasthan
----Respondent
For Appellant(s) : Mr. S.S. Sunda, Adv. For : Mr. Mahendra Meena, PP Respondent(s)
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE UMA SHANKER VYAS
Judgment / Order
08/02/2024
vihykFkhZ&vfHk;qDrx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr ;g nkafMd vihy fo}ku vij ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] lhdj }kjk ls'ku izdj.k la[;k 32@91 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 26-04-93 ls O;fFkr gksdj is'k dh x;h gS ftlds ek/;e ls vfHk;qDrx.k dks nks"kfl) vijk/k /kkjk 447 Hkk-na-la- ds rgr 100@& :i;s vFkZn.M] vne vnk;xh vFkZn.M 7 fnu ds lk/kkj.k dkjkokl] /kkjk 307@34 Hkk-na-la- ds rgr ikap o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl o 500@& :i;s vFkZn.M] vne vnk;xh vFkZn.M nks ekg ds lk/kkj.k dkjkokl] /kkjk 325@34 Hkk-na-la- ds rgr nks
[2024:RJ-JP:6498]
(2 of 9) [CRLA-148/1993]
o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl] 200@& :i;s vFkZn.M] vne vnk;xh vFkZn.M ,d ekg ds lk/kkj.k dkjkokl] /kkjk 323 Hkk-na-la- ds rgr ,d ekg ds lk/kkj.k dkjkokl] 100@& :i;s vFkZn.M o vne vnk;xh vFkZn.M 15 fnu ds lk/kkj.k dkjkokl dh ltk ls nafMr fd;k gSA
fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDrx.k dk fuosnu gS fd okLro esa ifjoknh i{k }kjk vfHk;qDr i{k ds ?kj esa vukf/kdr izos'k dj ekjihV dh x;h Fkh] ftlds laca/k esa vfHk;qDr i{k }kjk ,d izFke lwpuk fjiksVZntZ djk;h x;h FkhA ifjoknh i{k dk fopkj.k Hkh gqvk gS] ysfdu bl rF; dks Nqik;k x;k gSA ;fn ?kVuk esa vkgrx.k ds fxjus&iMus ls dksbZ pksVsa vk;ha gSa rks mlds fy, vfHk;qDr nkf;Rok/khu ugha gSaA fdlh Hkh Lora= xokg dks ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gS] xokg ih-MCyw&2 xksfoUn vkgr dk ppsjk HkkbZ gksdj fgrc) gS] mldk vkpj.k lkekU; izKk okys O;fDr ds vuq:i ugha jgk gS] vkgr [khaokjke ds flj ij /kkjnkj gfFk;kj ls pksV dkfjr gksuk crk;k gS] ysfdu Lo;a vfHk;kstu dgkuh ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDrx.k ds ikl dksbZ /kkjnkj gfFk;kj ugha Fkk] okLro esa ih-MCyw-Mh- dh Hkwfe ij ifjoknh i{k us vukf/kdr dCtk dj j[kk Fkk ftldh f'kdk;r vfHk;qDr i{k }kjk fd;s tkus ij jaft'ko'k ;g feF;k fjiksVZ ntZ djk;h gSA xokgku ds dFkuksa esa fojks/kkHkkl gS] lEiw.kZ vfHk;kstu dgkuh lansgkLin gS] vUr esa vihy Lohdkj dh tkdj vfHk;qDrx.k dks nks"kfl) vijk/k ls mUeksfpr fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA
[2024:RJ-JP:6498]
(3 of 9)
blds foijhr fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dks fof/k&lEer gksuk crkrs gq, ;g vihy [kkfjt fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA
ifjoknh gfjjke ¼xokg ih-MCyw&1½ }kjk fnukad 14-05-90 dks lqcg 7-15 ,-,e- ij izn'kZ ih&1 fyf[kr fjiksVZ dqy ikap O;fDr eksgu] ghjdh] rqyNkjke] fy{e.k rFkk ekejkt ds fo:) ntZ djokdj ;g vkjksi yxk;k gS fd og rFkk mlds firk vius ckMs esa Fks] rc vfHk;qDrx.k us ykfB;ksa ls ys'k gksdj mlds firk ds lkFk ekjihV dh ftlls muds flj rFkk 'kjhj ds vU; Hkkxksa ij pksVsa vk;ha] chp&cpko fd;k rks mlds lkFk Hkh ekjihV dh x;h] mlds firk csgks'k gks x;s FksA iqfyl us vuqla/kku ds mijkUr fy{e.k] ekejkt dks ?kVuk esa fyIr gksuk ugha ekurs gq, ek= rhuksa vihykFkhZx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo:) vkjksi i= is'k fd;k rFkk fopkj.k ds mijkUr mijksDrkuqlkj vfHk;qDrx.k dks nks"kfl) dj nafMr fd;k x;kA
tgka rd /kkjk 447 Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk o bl fcUnq ij ifjoknh i{k dh dgkuh dh ln~Hkkfodrk o lR;rk dk iz'u gS] ifjoknh gfjjke ¼xokg ih-MCyw&1½ rFkk mlds firk [khokjke ¼xokg ih-MCyw&8½ us ckMs dh mDr Hkwfe vius vf/kdkjksa dh gksuk rFkk fy{e.kjke ls [kjhnuk crk;k gS] ysfdu [kjhn dk vuqca/k U;k;ky; ds le{k lE;d :i ls izekf.kr ugha gqvk gS] fy{e.k vfHk;qDr i{k dk O;fDr gS rFkk vfHk;qDr i{k dk ;g cpko jgk gS fd ;g Hkwfe ih-MCyw-Mh- dh Fkh rFkk muds }kjk f'kdk;r djus ij ifjoknh i{k dk dCtk gVkus dh dk;Zokgh dh x;h FkhA gfjjke rFkk [khaokjke nksukas firk&iq= us izkjEHk esa
[CRLA-148/1993]
[2024:RJ-JP:6498]
(4 of 9)
rks bl rF; o lq>ko dks badkj fd;k gS] ysfdu varr% mudh ftjg ls ;g Li"V gS fd bl Hkwfe ds laca/k esa U;k;ky; esa fookn pyk Fkk ftlesa ifjoknh i{k vlQy jgkA xokg ihMCyw&8 }kjk ;g Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gS fd ckMs dk nkok [kkfjt gks x;k gSA nksuksa firk&iq= ;g Lohdkj djrs gSa fd ekSds ij vc tehu lery gS rFkk mudk dksbZ dCtk ugha gSA Li"V gS fd izkjEHk esa bl Hkwfe ds laca/k esa fookn] okn dh dk;Zokgh rFkk mlesa vlQy jgus ds rF; dks ifjoknh i{k us badkj fd;k] ysfdu ftjg esa lR;rk lkeus izdV gks pqdh gSA
Li"V gS fd ifjoknh i{k U;k;ky; ds le{k lgh rF;ksa dks Nqik jgk gS rFkk vlR; dFku dj jgk gSA fookfnr Hkwfe ds laca/k esa pwafd ifjoknh i{k dk dksbZ LFkkfir o iqjkuk dCtk ugha gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa /kkjk 447 Hkk-na-la- dk vijk/k ?kfVr gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrkA
vuqla/kku ds nkSjku fy{e.k o ekejkt dks bl ?kVuk eas fyIr gksuk ugha ekuk x;k gS] bl rF; ls Hkh Li"V gS fd ifjoknh i{k us vuko';d :i ls funksZ"k O;fDr;ksa dks ?kVuk esa fyIr fd;k gSA ifjoknh ¼xokg ih-MCyw&1½ rFkk [khaokjke ¼xokg ih-MCyw&8½ nksuksa tkfgj djrs gSa fd lHkh eqyfteku ds ikl ykfB;ka Fkha vkSj ykfB;ksa ls ekjihV dh x;h] fpfdRld ih-ihtks'kh ¼xokg ih-MCyw&12½ us vkgr [khaokjke ds flj ij /kkjnkj gfFk;kj ls pksV dkfjr gksuk crk;k gS tcfd /kkjnkj gfFk;kj fdlh Hkh vfHk;qDr ds ikl jgk gks] ,slk u rks izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa mYysf[kr gS vkSj uk gh bl fcUnq ij vfHk;kstu lk{; jgh gSA ;g fojks/kkHkkl Hkh ;g nf'kZr djrk gS fd okLro esa
[CRLA-148/1993]
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(5 of 9)
ftl izdkj ls dfFkr ?kVuk ?kfVr gqbZ gS] ml :i esa ifjoknh i{k }kjk dgkuh dks izLrqr ugha dj vyx jax nsrs gq, rFkk c<k&p<kdj jaft'ko'k izLrqr fd;k x;k gS vkSj bl dkj.k ls vfHk;sktu dgkuh lansgkLin gks tkrh gSA
ifjoknh ds vuqlkj og rFkk mldk firk mijksDr fookfnr ckMs ij Fks] ekjihV ds ckn mlds firk csgks'k gks x;s Fks rFkk mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vius firk dks NksMdj Fkkus fjiksVZ ntZ djkus pyk x;kA ifjoknh mlh xkao dk Fkk rFkk vU; ifjtu Hkh Fks] izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djkus ds fy, vU; ifjtuksa dks funsZf'kr fd;k tk ldrk Fkk vFkok firk dh ns[kjs[k o izkFkfed fpfdRlk ds fy, lkekU; izKk okys O;fDr ds vkpj.k ds vuq:i vU; ifjtuksa dks funsZf'kr fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] izkFkfed fpfdRlk lkekU; :i ls izkFkfedrk gksrh gS] dksbZ Hkh iq= vius firk dks ,slh xaHkhj ?kk;y voLFkk esa fcuk mipkj dh O;oLFkk fd;s NksMdj pyk tkos] ;g fLFkfr ln~Hkkfod izrhr ugha gksrh gSA
izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa ;g Hkh vkjksi yxk;k gS fd ekjihV djus ds i'pkr eqyfteku mlds firk dks vius ?kj esa ys x;s rFkk can dj fn;k] tcfd U;k;ky;hu dFkuksa esa og mijksDr rF; ls badkj djrs gq, tkfgj djrk gS fd mlds firk ?kVukLFky ij gh iMs jgsA xokg us izfrijh{kk esa ;g Hkh tkfgj fd;k gS fd mlus izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa vfHk;qDrx.k }kjk vius firk dks ?kj esa ys tkdj can djus dk rF; ugha fy[kk;k Fkk] dSls fy[k fn;k mls tkudkjh ugha gSA
[2024:RJ-JP:6498]
[CRLA-148/1993]
(6 of 9)
mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh ;g Li"V gS fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ vkSj vkgrx.k ds dFkuksa esa xaHkhj fojks/kkHkkl gSA
mijksDr fojks/kkHkkl dh fLFkfr ls cpus ds fy, ifjoknh us ;g Hkh dgk gS fd tc eqyfteku mlds firk dks vius ?kj esa ?klhVdj ys tkus yxs rks izR;{kn'khZ xokg egsUnz] xksfoUn] vkseizdk'k rFkk 'akdj us vkdj NqMk;k o chp&cpko fd;kA mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mDr pkjksa xokg egRoiw.kZ gks tkrs gSa] ysfdu xksfoUn ds vykok vU; rhu xokg egsUnz] vkseizdk'k o 'kadj dks ijhf{kr Hkh ugha djk;k x;k gSA okLro esa bu xokgku dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gksrk rks izfrijh{kk ds ek/;e ls vfHk;qDr i{k dks lR;rk lkeus ykus dk volj feyrkA bl izdkj vfHk;qDr i{k bl volj ls oafpr gqvk gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa bu rhuksa xokgku dk fopkj.k ds nkSjku ijhf{kr ugha gksuk vfHk;kstu ds fy, ?kkrd gSA ;gka ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd mijksDr pkjksa xokgku izR;{kn'khZ xokgku ekSds ij Fks vFkok ugha] ;g fcUnq Hkh lafnX/k gSA okLro esa mijksDr pkjksa xokgku chp&cpko djus esa gksrs rks izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa izR;{kn'khZ xokgku ds :i esa mudk uke mYysf[kr gksrk] bl fcUnq ij ifjoknh ¼xokg ih-MCyw&1½ ls izfrijh{kk dh x;h gS ftlus tkfgj fd;k gS fd mlus pkjksa xokgku dk uke izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa fy[kok;k Fkk] fdUrq D;ksa ugha fy[kk gqvk gS mls irk ughaA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ¼izn'kZ ih&1½ fyf[kr fjiksVZ gS tks ifjoknh us vius HkkbZ ls fy[kokdj izLrqr dh gSA
mijksDr pkjksa xokgku esa ls xksfoUn ¼xokg ih-MCyw&2½ ijhf{kr gqvk gS] ;g xokg vU; xkao dk jgus okyk gS rFkk
[CRLA-148/1993]
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(7 of 9)
tkfgj fd;k gS fd ?kVukLFky ds ikl gh cl LVS.M Fkk] og ifjoknh ds xkao ls fudy jgk Fkk] blfy, cl LVS.M ij bartkj dj jgk Fkk] rc mlus ;g ?kVuk ns[khA xokg us igys ifjoknh ls vius fj'rs ds ckcr~ dksbZ izdVhdj.k ugha fd;k gS] ysfdu izfrijh{kk ls ;g Li"V gqvk gS fd og ifjoknh dk ppsjk iq= gSA xokg xksfoUn tkfgj djrk gS fd cl LVS.M ij vkSj Hkh yksx [kMs Fks] ysfdu mlus vFkok fdlh us Hkh chp&cpko ugha fd;kA xokg vkxs ;g Li"V :i ls Lohdkj djrk gS fd ekSds ij og ek= [kMk jgk] chp cpko ugha fd;k rFkk ?kVukLFky vFkok mlds vkl&ikl Hkh ugha x;k] iqfyl esa Hkh dksbZ fjiksVZ ugha dh rFkk vkgr ds ifjtu vFkok vU; fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks ekjihV ds ckjs esa lwpuk ugha nhA ;g xokg vkgr dk fj'rsnkj gS] okLro esa mlds pkpk [khaokjke ds lkFk dksbZ ?kVuk ?kfVr gksrh rks LokHkkfod :i ls og chp&cpko djrk] izkFkfed fpfdRlk dh O;oLFkk djrk] iqfyl esa fjiksVZ djrkA bl izdkj bl xokg dk vkpj.k vln~Hkkfod gS rFkk mldk uke izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa izR;{kn'khZ xokg ds :i esa mYysf[kr ugha gSA
vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa okLro esa og ekSds ij izR;{kn'khZ xokg ds :i esa jgk gks] ,slh fLFkfr Li"V ugha gSA tgka ifjoknh vkSj mlds firk Lohdkj djrs gSa fd ?kVukLFky ds Bhd lkeus ih-MCyw-Mh- dk dk;kZy; gS] tgka 5&7 deZpkjh ns[k jgs Fks] ysfdu chp cpko djus ugha vk;s] ogha xokg xksfoUn Lohdkj djrk gS fd ih-MCyw-Mh- ds deZpkfj;ksa us vkdj chp&cpko fd;k Fkk] ;g fojks/kkHkkl Hkh ;g Li"V djrk gS fd
[CRLA-148/1993]
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(8 of 9)
ifjoknh vFkok mlds xokgu U;k;ky; ds le{k mijksDr fcUnq ij feF;k dFku dj jgs gSa rFkk os LoPN gkFkksa o lgh rF;ksa ds lkFk ugha vk;s gSaA ih-MCyw-Mh- ds dfFkr deZpkjh ftuds }kjk chp&cpko fd;k x;k rks mudks Hkh vuqla/kku ds nkSjku vFkok fopkj.k ds nkSjku ijhf{kr ugha djk;k gS vkSj ;g ifjfLFkfr Hkh vfHk;kstu ds fy, ?kkrd gSA
vfHk;qDr i{k dk ;g Hkh cpko jgk gS fd Lo;a ifjoknh i{k us muds ?kj esa vkdj ghjk mQZ ghjdh ds lkFk ekjihV dh Fkh ftlds laca/k esa izn'kZ Mh&7 izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ Hkh fnukad 14-05-90 dks gh ntZ gqbZ gS ftlesa vkjksi i= izLrqr gqvk gSA izn'kZ ih-&9 o 10 pksV izfrosnu rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k&12 MkWDVj ih-ih- tks'kh dh izfrijh{kk ls ;g Li"V gS fd ghjdh o rqyNkjke dh pksVksa dk Hkh fnukad 14-05-90 dks ijh{k.k fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj bu nksuksa xokgku ds 3 o 6 pksVsa dkfjr gqbZa FkhaA ifjoknh i{k us ghjdh o rqyNkjke ds lkFk ekjihV djus ds lq>ko ls badkj fd;k gS] ysfdu varr% ,slk dksbZ eqdnek py jgk gks rks mlds laca/k esa vufHkKrk tkfgj dh gSA Li"V gS fd izFke pj.k esa mUgksaus mijksDr rF; dks Nqikus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] ysfdu vUrr% vlQy jgs gSaA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj Hkh [khaokjke dks vfHk;qDrx.k vius ?kj esa ?klhVdj ys x;s Fks] ysfdu ckn esa bl rF; ls badkj fd;k gS] ijUrq ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd [khaokjke vfHk;qDrx.k ds ?kj esa vk;k gS vkSj mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vfHk;qDr i{k ds mijksDr cpko dk leFkZu gksrk gS fd Lo;a [khaokjke us vfHk;qDrx.k ds ?kj esa vkdj ekjihV dh gS vkSj laHkor%
[2024:RJ-JP:6498]
[CRLA-148/1993]
(9 of 9)
vfHk;kstu dgkuh dks lqn`< djus ds fy, ckn esa ifjoknh i{k us viuh dgkuh cnyh gSA blh ?kVuk esa ghjdh o rqyNkjke ds tks pksVsa vk;ha gSa] mudks Li"V djus dk Hkh ifjoknh i{k dk nkf;Ro Fkk] ysfdu mlds laca/k esa Li"Vhdj.k ugha fn;k x;k gS vkSj ;g ifjfLFkfr Hkh vfHk;kstd ds fy, ?kkrd gSA vfHk;qDrx.k ls ykfB;ka cjken djuk crk;k gS] tcfd flj dh pksV /kkjnkj gfFk;kj ls vk;h gS] ykfB;ksa ij dksbZ jDr ds fu'kku ugha Fks] xkao esa fdlkuksa ds ?kj ykfB;ka feyuk lkekU; ckr gS] ykfB;ksa dh dfFkr cjkenxh ds vk/kkj ij vfHk;qDrx.k dks vkjksfir vijk/k ls tksMk tkuk lqjf{kr ugha gSA
mijksDr foospukuqlkj Li"V gS fd lEiw.kZ vfHk;kstu dgkuh lansgkLin gksdj vLohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; gS rFkk fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir nks"kfl)h dk fu.kZ; fnukad 26-04-1993 vikLr gksus rFkk vfHk;qDrx.k lHkh vkjksiksa ls nks"keqDr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSaA
ifj.kker% vihykFkhZ@vfHk;qDrx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr nkafMd vihy Lohdkj dj vihyk/khu nks"kfl)h ds fu.kZ; fnukad 26-04-1993 dks vikLr djrs gq, lHkh vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k dks nks"kfl) lHkh vijk/k ls nks"keqDr fd;k tkrk gSA
(UMA SHANKER VYAS),J
Mittal /183
1 issue framed by the court
Whether the trial court's conviction under IPC Sections 447, 307/34, 325/34 and 323 was sustainable given contradictions and doubtful investigation.
4 provisions across 1 enactments
Mst. Hirki wife of Mohanram
Mohanram son of Ramuram
Tulchharam son of Mannaram
State of Rajasthan
Uma Shanker Vyas
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
