Dilbag Singh Vs Subhash

Criminal No. 936-II of 2014 under Sec%on 138 of the Nego%able Instruments Act, Complaint %tled as “Dilbag Singh Vs. Subhash” decided on 14.10.2016

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Feeling aggrieved by the trial court's judgment, dismissing the complaint on merits, and acqui5ng the accused/respondent, the complainant had come up before this Court by filing the above-men%oned appeal.

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Vide order dated 05.12.2023, the appeal was admi:ed.

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Counsel for the appellant prays for transfer of appeal to the first Appellate Court in view of judgment of Hon’ble Supreme Court passed in “Celes%um Financial v. A. Gnanasekaran, 2025(3) RCR(Criminal) 208, decided on 08.04.2025”.

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In Celes%um Financial v. A. Gnanasekaran, 2025(3) RCR(Criminal) 208, decided on 08.04.2025, Hon’ble Supreme Court holds,

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[7.8] In the case of an offence alleged against an accused under Sec%on 138 of the Act, we are of the view that the complainant is indeed the vic%m owing to the alleged dishonour of a cheque. In the circumstances, the complainant can proceed as per the proviso to Sec%on 372 of the CrPC and he may exercise such an op%on and he need not then elect to proceed under Sec%on 378 of the CrPC.

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[8]. The right to prefer an appeal is no doubt a statutory right and the right to prefer an appeal by an accused against a convic%on is not merely a statutory right but can also be construed to be a fundamental right under Ar%cles 14 and 21 of the Cons%tu%on. If that

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JYOTI 2025.12.24 12:19 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this order/judgment.

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CRA-AS-2-2024

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is so, then the right of a vic%m of an offence to prefer an appeal cannot be equated with the right of the State or the complainant to prefer an appeal. Hence, the statutory rigours for filing of an appeal by the State or by a complainant against an order of acqui:al cannot be read into the proviso to Sec%on 372 of the CrPC so as to restrict the right of a vic%m to file an appeal on the grounds men%oned therein, when none exists.

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[10]. As already noted, the proviso to Sec%on 372 of the CrPC was inserted in the statute book only with effect from 31.12.2009. The object and reason for such inser%on must be realised and must be given its full effect to by a court. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we hold that the vic%m of an offence has the right to prefer an appeal under the proviso to Sec%on 372 of the CrPC, irrespec%ve of whether he is a complainant or not. Even if the vic%m of an offence is a complainant, he can s%ll proceed under the proviso to Sec%on 372 and need not advert to sub-sec%on (4) of Sec%on 378 of the CrPC.

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In BNSS, 2023, S. 413 is analogous to S. 372 CrPC, 1973, and thus the ra%o of Celes%um Financial shall apply.

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However, the complainant should not face the burden of filing an appeal again before the Sessions Court because the law has been interpreted recently. Therefore, in the interest of Equity, Jus%ce, and Fair play, it would be appropriate to refer this ma:er to the Sessions Court, where it will be registered as an Appeal under the Proviso to S. 372 CrPC/413 BNSS, 2023, as applicable. If there is any objec%on regarding whether it is an appeal under the CrPC or BNSS, it shall be registered under the Proviso to S. 413 BNSS, 2023, because the CrPC, 1973, has been repealed.

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Given above, the Registry is to send this file along with the Lower Court’s Record, if any, to the concerned Sessions Division.

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If the accused has furnished the bail bonds, there shall be no need to refurnish the same, and the bonds furnished pursuant to the order of this Court shall be deemed to be furnished before the Sessions Court and shall also be executable by the concerned appellate Court.

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Appeal is disposed of in the terms men%oned above. All pending applica%on(s), if any, stand closed.

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(ANOOP CHITKARA) JUDGE 24.12.2025 Jyo%-II Whether speaking/reasoned: Yes Whether reportable: No .

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JYOTI 2025.12.24 12:19 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this order/judgment.

Dilbag Singh v. Subhash

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Dilbag Singh v. Subhash

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