Allowed

Rattan Lal v. Jaswant Singh Andn Ors.

Punjab & Haryana HC18 Nov 2024FAO/2191/2007

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Claimant injured in a motor accident sought enhancement of Tribunal-awarded compensation. The High Court relied on Supreme Court principles on injury compensation and enhanced the award from Rs.29,700/- to Rs.1,67,700/- under heads including attendant charges, pain and suffering, special diet, transportation and loss of amenities, with interest at 9% per annum on the enhanced amount.

What did the court decide?

Enhanced compensation of Rs.1,38,000/- over the Tribunal award, with 9% interest from filing date till realization; Insurance Companies to deposit within two months; recovery permitted from respondent

Rattan Lal Vs Jaswant Singh Andn Ors. — Motor Accident Claims | Punjab & Haryana HC (2024)

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M)

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212 IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB & HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M) Date of Decision: 18.11.2024

Rattan Lal

......Appellant

Vs.

Jaswant Singh and others ......Respondents

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CORAM: HON’BLE MRS. JUSTICE SUDEEPTI SHARMA

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Present: Mr. Arvind Bansal, Advocate, for the appellant.

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Mr. Vinod Gupta, Advocate, for respondent Nos.3 and 6-Insurance Company.

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SUDEEPTI SHARMA J. (ORAL)

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This is an old matter pertaining to the year 2007 but no one has put in appearance on behalf of the Insurance Company.

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Previously vide order 18.07.2024 in FAO No.1682 of 2007, this Court had already issued directions to the Insurance Companies that in the event, any of their empanelled counsel fails to appear, the Court would request the counsel empanelled with the Insurance Companies, who is present in the Court to assist in the matters. Further, the concerned Insurance Companies were directed to disburse the current scheduled fees to the counsel engaged by this Court for assisting in the matters.

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On the asking of the Court, Mr. Vinod Gupta, Advocate accepts notice on behalf of respondents No.3 and 6-Insurance Company.

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M) -2-

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Learned counsel for the appellant has handed over copy of the paper-book alongwith relevant record to the learned counsel for respondents No.3 and 6-Insurance Company.

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In view of the order 18.07.2024 in FAO No.1682 of 2007, the Insurance Company is directed to disburse the current scheduled fees to Mr. Vinod Gupta, Advocate, the counsel engaged by this Court in the present case.

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M)

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The present appeal has been preferred against the award dated 19.12.2006 passed in the claim petition filed under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 by the learned Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, Kaithal (for short, 'the Tribunal') for enhancement of compensation, granted to the appellant/claimant to the tune of Rs.29,700/- along with interest at the rate of 7.5% per annum, on account of injuries sustained by the appellant/claimant in a Motor Vehicular Accident, occurred on 16.10.2004.

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As sole issue for determination in the present appeal is confined to quantum of compensation awarded by the learned Tribunal, a detailed narration of the facts of the case is not reproduced and is skipped herein for the sake of brevity.

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SUBMISSIONS OF LEARNED COUNSEL FOR THE PARTIES

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The learned counsel for the appellant/claimant contends that the compensation awarded by the learned Tribunal is on the lower side and deserves to be enhanced. Therefore, the present appeal be allowed and the

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M) -3-

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compensation awarded to the appellant/claimant shall be enhanced, as per latest law.

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Per contra , learned counsel for the respondent-Insurance Company, however, vehemently argues that the award has rightly been passed and the amount of compensation as assessed by the learned Tribunal has rightly been granted. Therefore, he prays for dismissal of the appeal.

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I have heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the whole record of this case.

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A perusal of the award shows that though no permanent disability is attributed to the appellant/claimant in accident, however, he has sustained fracture of femur on the right side, dislocation of right hip, multiple rib fractures and fracture of right acetabulam, which is evident from the record. Further, award shows that he remained hospitalized for number of days due to which, he suffered unbearable pain and suffering and incurred expenses on his treatment and well being. Keeping in view the injuries sustained by the appellant/claimant, this Court deems it appropriate to grant a compensation to him under the conventional heads.

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Further perusal of the award shows that the amount was spent on the treatment of the appellant/claimant and the medical bills were proved on record. It further reveals that no amount has been awarded towards attendant charges, transportation and loss of amenities. Moreover, the amount awarded towards pain and suffering, special diet and pecuniary loss during treatment is also on lower side. Therefore, the award requires indulgence of this Court.

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M)

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SETTLED LAW ON COMPENSATION

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Hon’ble Supreme Court has settled the law regarding grant of compensation with respect to the disability. The Apex Court in the case of

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Raj Kumar Vs. Ajay Kumar and Another (2011) 1 Supreme Court Cases

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343 , has held as under:-

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General principles relating to compensation in injury cases

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5. The provision of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 ('Act' for short) makes it clear that the award must be just, which means that compensation should, to the extent possible, fully and adequately restore the claimant to the position prior to the accident. The object of awarding damages is to make good the loss suffered as a result of wrong done as far as money can do so, in a fair, reasonable and equitable manner. The court or tribunal shall have to assess the damages objectively and exclude from consideration any speculation or fancy, though some conjecture with reference to the nature of disability and its consequences, is inevitable. A person is not only to be compensated for the physical injury, but also for the loss which he suffered as a result of such injury. This means that he is to be compensated for his inability to lead a full life, his inability to enjoy those normal amenities which he would have enjoyed but for the injuries, and his inability to earn as much as he used to earn or could have earned. (See C.K. Subramonia Iyer v. T. Kunhikuttan Nair, AIR 1970 Supreme Court 376, R.D. Hattangadi v. Pest Control (India) Ltd., 1995 (1) SCC 551 and Baker v. Willoughby, 1970 AC 467).

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6. The heads under which compensation is awarded in personal injury cases are the following :

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Pecuniary damages (Special Damages)

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(i) Expenses relating to treatment, hospitalization, medicines, transportation, nourishing food, and miscellaneous expenditure.

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(ii) Loss of earnings (and other gains) which the injured would have made had he not been injured, comprising :

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(a) Loss of earning during the period of treatment; (b) Loss of future earnings on account of permanent disability.

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M)

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(iii) Future medical expenses. Non-pecuniary damages (General Damages)

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(iv) Damages for pain, suffering and trauma as a consequence of the injuries.

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(v) Loss of amenities (and/or loss of prospects of marriage).

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(vi) Loss of expectation of life (shortening of normal longevity).

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In routine personal injury cases, compensation will be awarded only under heads (i), (ii)(a) and (iv). It is only in serious cases of injury, where there is specific medical evidence corroborating the evidence of the claimant, that compensation will be granted under any of the heads (ii) (b), (iii), (v) and (vi) relating to loss of future earnings on account of permanent disability, future medical expenses, loss of amenities (and/or loss of prospects of marriage) and loss of expectation of life.

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xxx xxx xxx xxx

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19. We may now summarise the principles discussed above :

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(i) All injuries (or permanent disabilities arising from injuries), do not result in loss of earning capacity.

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(ii) The percentage of permanent disability with reference to the whole body of a person, cannot be assumed to be the percentage of loss of earning capacity. To put it differently, the percentage of loss of earning capacity is not the same as the percentage of permanent disability (except in a few cases, where the Tribunal on the basis of evidence, concludes that percentage of loss of earning capacity is the same as percentage of permanent disability).

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(iii) The doctor who treated an injured-claimant or who examined him subsequently to assess the extent of his permanent disability can give evidence only in regard the extent of permanent disability. The loss of earning capacity is something that will have to be assessed by the Tribunal with reference to the evidence in entirety.

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(iv) The same permanent disability may result in different percentages of loss of earning capacity in different persons, depending upon the nature of profession, occupation or job, age, education and other factors.

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20. The assessment of loss of future earnings is explained below with reference to the following

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Illustration 'A' : The injured, a workman, was aged 30 years and earning Rs. 3000/- per month at the time of

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M)

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accident. As per Doctor's evidence, the permanent disability of the limb as a consequence of the injury was 60% and the consequential permanent disability to the person was quantified at 30%. The loss of earning capacity is however assessed by the Tribunal as 15% on the basis of evidence, because the claimant is continued in employment, but in a lower grade. Calculation of compensation will be as follows:

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a) Annual income before the accident : Rs. 36,000/-.

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b) Loss of future earning per annum

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(15% of the prior annual income) : Rs. 5400/-. c) Multiplier applicable with reference to age : 17 d) Loss of future earnings : (5400 x 17) : Rs. 91,800/-

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Illustration 'B' : The injured was a driver aged 30 years, earning Rs. 3000/- per month. His hand is amputated and his permanent disability is assessed at 60%. He was terminated from his job as he could no longer drive. His chances of getting any other employment was bleak and even if he got any job, the salary was likely to be a pittance. The Tribunal therefore assessed his loss of future earning capacity as 75%. Calculation of compensation will be as follows :

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a) Annual income prior to the accident : Rs. 36,000/- .

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b) Loss of future earning per annum

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(75% of the prior annual income) : Rs. 27000/-.

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c) Multiplier applicable with reference to age : 17 d) Loss of future earnings : (27000 x 17) : Rs. 4,59,000/-

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Illustration 'C' : The injured was 25 years and a final year Engineering student. As a result of the accident, he was in coma for two months, his right hand was amputated and vision was affected. The permanent disablement was assessed as 70%. As the injured was incapacitated to pursue his chosen career and as he required the assistance of a servant throughout his life, the loss of future earning capacity was also assessed as 70%. The calculation of compensation will be as follows :

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a) Minimum annual income he would

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have got if had been employed as an Engineer : Rs. 60,000/-

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M) -7-

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b) Loss of future earning per annum (70% of the expected annual income) : Rs. 42000/c) Multiplier applicable (25 years) : 18 d) Loss of future earnings : (42000 x 18) : Rs. 7,56,000/-

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[Note : The figures adopted in illustrations (A) and (B) are hypothetical. The figures in Illustration (C) however are based on actuals taken from the decision in Arvind Kumar Mishra (supra)].

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Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of National Insurance

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Company Ltd. Vs. Pranay Sethi & Ors. [(2017) 16 SCC 680] has clarified

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the law under Sections 166, 163-A and 168 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988,

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on the following aspects:-

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(A) Deduction of personal and living expenses to determine multiplicand;

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(B) Selection of multiplier depending on age of deceased;

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(D) Reasonable figures on conventional heads, namely, loss

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of estate, loss of consortium and funeral expenses, with escalation;

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(E) Future prospects for all categories of persons and for different ages: with permanent job; self-employed or fixed salary.

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The relevant portion of the judgment is reproduced as under:-

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“ Therefore, we think it seemly to fix reasonable sums. It seems to us that reasonable figures on conventional heads, namely, loss of estate, loss of consortium and funeral expenses should be Rs.15,000, Rs.40,000 and Rs.15,000 respectively. The principle of revisiting the said heads is an acceptable principle. But the revisit should not be fact-centric or quantum-centric. We think

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M)

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that it would be condign that the amount that we have quantified should be enhanced on percentage basis in every three years and the enhancement should be at the rate of 10% in a span of three years. We are disposed to hold so because that will bring in consistency in respect of those heads.”

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15. Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Erudhaya Priya Vs.

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State Express Tran. Corpn. Ltd. 2020 ACJ 2159, has held as under:-

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“7. There are three aspects which are required to be examined by us:

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(a) the application of multiplier of '17' instead of '18' ; The aforesaid increase of multiplier is sought on the basis of age of the appellant as 23 years relying on the judgment in National Insurance Company Limited v. Pranay Sethi and Others, 2017 ACJ 2700 (SC). In para 46 of the said judgment, the Constitution Bench effectively affirmed the multiplier method to be used as mentioned in the table in the case of Sarla Verma (Smt) and Others v. Delhi Transport Corporation and Another, 2009 ACJ 1298 (SC) . In the age group of 15-25 years, the multiplier has to be '18' along with factoring in the extent of disability.

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The aforesaid position is not really disputed by learned counsel for the respondent State Corporation and, thus, we come to the conclusion that the multiplier to be applied in the case of the appellant has to be '18' and not '17'.

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(b) Loss of earning capacity of the appellant with permanent disability of 31.1%

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In respect of the aforesaid, the appellant has claimed compensation on what is stated to be the settled principle set out in Jagdish v. Mohan & Others, 2018 ACJ 1011 (SC) and Sandeep Khanuja v. Atul Dande & Another, 2017 ACJ 979 (SC). We extract below the principle set out in the Jagdish (supra) in para 8:

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"8. In assessing the compensation payable the settled principles need to be borne in mind. A victim who suffers a permanent or temporary disability occasioned by an accident is entitled to the award of compensation. The award of compensation must cover among others, the following aspects:

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M) -9-

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(i) Pain, suffering and trauma resulting from the accident;

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(ii) Loss of income including future income;

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(iii) The inability of the victim to lead a normal life together with its amenities;

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(iv) Medical expenses including those that the victim may be required to undertake in future; and

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(v) Loss of expectation of life."

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[emphasis supplied]

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The aforesaid principle has also been emphasized in an earlier judgment, i.e. the Sandeep Khanuja case (supra) opining that the multiplier method was logically sound and legally well established to quantify the loss of income as a result of death or permanent disability suffered in an accident.

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In the factual contours of the present case, if we examine the disability certificate, it shows the admission/hospitalization on 8 occasions for various number of days over 1½ years from August 2011 to January 2013. The nature of injuries had been set out as under:

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" Nature of injury :

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(i) compound fracture shaft left humerus

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(ii) fracture both bones left forearm

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(iii) compound fracture both bones right forearm

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(iv) fracture 3rd, 4th & 5th metacarpals right hand

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(v) subtrochanteric fracture right femur

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(vi) fracture shaft femur

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(vii) fracture both bones left leg

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We have also perused the photographs annexed to the petition showing the current physical state of the appellant, though it is stated by learned counsel for the respondent State Corporation that the same was not on record in the trial court. Be that as it may, this is the position even after treatment and the nature of injuries itself show their extent. Further, it has been opined in para 13 of Sandeep Khanuja case (supra) that while applying the multiplier method, future prospects on advancement in life and career are also to be taken into consideration.

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We are, thus, unequivocally of the view that there is merit in the contention of the appellant and the aforesaid principles with regard to future prospects must also be applied in the case of the appellant taking the

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M)

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permanent disability as 31.1%. The quantification of the same on the basis of the judgment in National Insurance Co. Ltd. case (supra), more specifically para 61(iii), considering the age of the appellant, would be 50% of the actual salary in the present case.

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(c) The third and the last aspect is the interest rate claimed as 12%

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In respect of the aforesaid, the appellant has watered down the interest rate during the course of hearing to 9% in view of the judicial pronouncements including in the Jagdish’s case (supra). On this aspect, once again, there was no serious dispute raised by the learned counsel for the respondent once the claim was confined to 9% in line with the interest rates applied by this Court.

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CONCLUSION

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8. The result of the aforesaid is that relying on the settled principles, the calculation of compensation by the appellant, as set out in para 5 of the synopsis, would have to be adopted as follows:

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Heads	Awarded
Loss of earning power (Rs.14,648 x 12 x 31.1/100	Rs. 9,81,978/-
Future prospects (50 per cent addition)	Rs.4,90,989/-
Medical expenses including transport charges, nourishment, etc.	Rs.18,46,864/-
Loss of matrimonial prospects	Rs.5,00,000/-
Loss of comfort, loss of amenities and mental agony	Rs.1,50,000/-
Pain and suffering	Rs.2,00,000/-
Total	Rs.41,69,831/-

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The appellant would, thus, be entitled to the compensation of Rs. 41,69,831/- as claimed along with simple interest at the rate of 9% per annum from the date of application till the date of payment.

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M)

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RELIEF

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In view of the law laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the above referred to judgments, the present appeal is allowed. The award dated 19.12.2006 is modified accordingly. The appellant/claimant is entitled to enhanced compensation as per the calculations made here-under:-

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Sr. No.	Heads	Compensation Awarded
1	Medical Expenses	Rs.3,700/-
2	Attendant Charges	Rs.20,000/-
3	Pain and Suffering	Rs.50,000/-
4	Special Diet	Rs.20,000/-
5	Loss of income during treatment/recovery	Rs.9,000/-
5	Transportation	Rs.15,000/-
6	Loss of amenities of life	Rs.50,000/-
	Total Compensation	Rs.1,67,700/-
	Amount Awarded by the Tribunal	Rs.29,700/-
	Enhanced amount	Rs.1,38,000/-

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So far as the interest part is concerned, as held by Hon’ble

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Supreme Court in Dara Singh @ Dhara Banjara Vs. Shyam Singh Varma 2019 ACJ 3176 and R.Valli and Others VS. Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (2022) 5 Supreme Court Cases 107, the appellant-claimant is granted the interest @ 9% per annum on the enhanced amount from the date of filing of claim petition till the date of its realization.

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The Insurance Companies i.e. respondents No.3 and 6 are directed to deposit the enhanced amount of compensation in the first instance along with interest with the learned Tribunal within a period of two

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

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FAO-2191-2007 (O&M) -12-

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months from the date of receipt of copy of this judgment, as per ratio settled by the learned Tribunal in its award dated 19.12.2006. The Tribunal is further directed to disburse the enhanced amount of compensation along with interest in the account of the claimant/appellant. The claimant/appellant is directed to furnish his bank account details to the Tribunal.

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However, respondent No.3-Insurance Company is at liberty to recover the same from respondent No.2.

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Before parting with the judgment, this Court extends its appreciation to Mr. Vinod Gupta, Advocate, for his able and effective assistance to the Court in the present matter. Further, respondents No.3 and 6-Insurance Companies are hereby directed to disburse the current scheduled fees to Mr. Vinod Gupta, Advocate, within a period of ten days from the date of receipt of the copy of this judgment.

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Disposed off accordingly.

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Pending applications, if any, also stand disposed of.

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(SUDEEPTI SHARMA) JUDGE

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18.11.2024 Virrendra

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Whether speaking/non-speaking : Speaking Whether reportable : Yes/No

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VIRENDRA SINGH ADHIKARI 2024.12.05 09:35 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document

Rattan Lal v. Jaswant Singh Andn Ors.

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Rattan Lal v. Jaswant Singh Andn Ors.

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

What the court decided

A compact analysis

Issues for consideration

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