Disposed

Bhikhan Dusadh and Ors. v. Muni Lal Paswan and Ors.

Patna HC25 Nov 2024CWJC/16447/2014

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

The Court held that judicial orders of civil courts are not amenable to writ jurisdiction under Article 226 and that jurisdiction under Article 227 is distinct. Consequently, the contrary view in Surya Dev Rai was overruled. The writ petition was converted into a Civil Miscellaneous Petition and listed for further proceedings.

What did the court decide?

Time granted to convert writ petition into Civil Miscellaneous Petition.

Bhikhan Dusadh and Ors. Vs Muni Lal Paswan and… — Civil Procedure and Limitation | Patna HC (2024)

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No.16447 of 2014

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1.	Bhikhan Dusadh son of late Ruplal Dusadh
2.	Subhash Dusadh son of Bhikhan Dusadh
3.	Vidya Sagar Dusadh son of late Brij Nandan Dusadh
4.	Ugrah Dusadh son of Gauri Shankar Dusadh All residents of village Baradih, Post Office Semra, Police Station Nokha, District - Rohtas at Sasaram.
	... ... Petitioner/s Versus
1.	Muni Lal Paswan
2.	Ishwar Dayal Paswan
3.	Ramji Paswan All sons of late Jaggo Dusadh All residents of village Baradih, Post Office Semra, Police Station Nokha, District - Rohtas at Sasaram.
4.	Shri Bhagwan Paswan H/o Late Kalawati Devi D/o late Jagu Dusahd
5.	Guddu Paswan son of Shri Bhagwan Paswan and late Kalawati Devi
6.	Sanjay Paswan son of Shri Bhagwan Paswan and late Kalawati Devi Respondent Nos. 4 to 6 residents of village and Post Office Kirhindi Police Station Shivsagar, District Rohtas at Sasaram.
7.	Sushila DEvi wife of Gauri Shankar Paswan daughter of late Jago Dusadh resident of village Paisra, Police Station Sasaram, District Rohtas at Sasaram.
8.	Ramamshish Dusadh son of late Rajmuni Dusadh
9.	Suresh Paswan son of Ramashish Dusadh
10.	Dinesh Paswan son of Ramashish Dusadh
11.	Ravi Paswan son of Ugrah Dusadh
12.	Raju son of Ugrah Dusadh
13.	Bikas
14.	Bittu Nos. 13 and 14 minor sons of Subhash Paswan under the guardianhip of their father.
15.	Rajaa Kunwar wife of late Kanhaiya Paswan
16.	Ramayan Paswan son of Kanhaiya Paswan
17.	Sheo Shankar Paswan son of Kanhaiya Paswan
18.	Pathak Minor
19.	Bajrangi Minor Nos. 18 and 19 minor sons of Sheo Shankar Paswan under the guardianship of their father.
20.	Rama Shankar Paswan son of Kanhaiya Paswan

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Sandip minor sons of Rama Shanakar Paswan under the guardianship of his father.

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Sipahi Paswan son of Kahaiya Paswan

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Vishal son of Sipahi Paswan

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Shri Paswan son of Kanhaiya Paswan All residents of village Baradih, Post Office Semra, Police Station Nokha, District - Rohtas at Sasaram.

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Sheo Paswan

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Manji Paswan Nos. 25 and 26 son of Mangari Devi wife of late Basgit Paswan residents of village Ghuraki, Post Office and Police Station Dinara, District Rohtas at Sasaram.

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Yasodia Devi wife of Saheb Paswan and daughter of late Nanhak Paswan resident of village - Mokari, Post Office and Police Station Sanjhouli, District Rohtas at Sasaram.

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... ... Respondent/s

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====================================================== Appearance : For the Petitioner/s : Mr.Ambuj Nayan Chaubey, Adv. For the Respondent/s : Mr. ======================================================

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CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE MOHIT KUMAR SHAH ORAL JUDGMENT Date : 25-11-2024

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The present writ petition has been filed seeking the following relief(s) :-

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“1.(i) For issuance of writ/writs, order/orders, direction/directions, in the nature of certiorari for quashing the order dated 06.08.2014 passed by sub judge 1st Sasaram in Title Suit No. 347 of 2003, whereby and whereunder the learned court below has rejected the petition dated 02.02.2012, filed by the petitionersdefendants;”

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The learned counsel for the parties have pointed

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out, at the outset, that earlier writ petitions were being filed against the interlocutory orders (such orders which have not finally decided the suits or proceedings in favour of the parties and the suits or such proceedings have not stood disposed off), in view of the law laid down by the learned Division Bench of this Court in a judgment dated 13.05.2010, passed in C.R. no. 1067 of 2009 (Durga Devi v. Vijay Kumar Poddar & Ors.) , however, subsequently, the Hon’ble Apex Court, by a judgment rendered in the case of Radhey Shyam and Another v. Chhabi Nath and Others, reported in (2015) 5 SCC 423, has held that judicial orders of the Civil Court are not amenable to writ jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India and the jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution of India is distinct from the jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. It would be relevant to reproduce paragraphs no. 18 and 25 to 30 of the said judgment rendered in the case of Radhey Shyam and Another (supra) hereinbelow :-

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18. While the above judgments dealt with the question whether judicial order could violate a fundamental right, it was clearly laid down that challenge to judicial orders could lie by way of appeal or revision or under Article 227 and not by way of a writ under Articles 226 and 32.

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25. It is true that this Court has laid down that technicalities associated with the prerogative writs in England have no role to play under our constitutional scheme. There is no parallel system of King's Court in India and of all the other courts having limited jurisdiction subject to the supervision of the King's Court. Courts are set up under the Constitution or the laws. All the courts in the jurisdiction of a High Court are subordinate to it and subject to its control and supervision under Article 227. Writ jurisdiction is constitutionally conferred on all the High Courts. Broad principles of writ jurisdiction followed in England are applicable to India and a writ of certiorari lies against patently erroneous or without jurisdiction orders of tribunals or authorities or courts other than judicial courts. There are no precedents in India for the High Courts to issue writs to the subordinate courts. Control of working of the subordinate courts in dealing with their judicial orders is exercised by way of appellate or revisional powers or power of superintendence under Article 227. Orders of the civil court stand on different footing from the orders of authorities or tribunals or courts other than judicial/civil courts. While appellate or revisional jurisdiction is regulated by the

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statutes, power of superintendence under Article 227 is constitutional. The expression “inferior court” is not referable to the judicial courts, as rightly observed in the referring order [Radhey Shyam v. Chhabi Nath, (2009) 5 SCC 616] in paras 26 and 27 quoted above.

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26. The Bench in Surya Dev Rai [Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai, (2003) 6 SCC 675] also observed in para 25 of its judgment that distinction between Articles 226 and 227 stood almost obliterated. In para 24 of the said judgment distinction in the two articles has been noted. In view thereof, observation that scope of Articles 226 and 227 was obliterated was not correct as rightly observed [Radhey Shyam v. Chhabi Nath, (2009) 5 SCC 616] by the referring Bench in para 32 quoted above. We make it clear that though despite the curtailment of revisional jurisdiction under Section 115 CPC by Act 46 of 1999, jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 227 remains unaffected, it has been wrongly assumed in certain quarters that the said jurisdiction has been expanded. Scope of Article 227 has been explained in several decisions including Waryam Singh v. Amarnath [AIR 1954 SC 215 : 1954 SCR 565] , Ouseph Mathai v. M. Abdul Khadir [(2002) 1 SCC 319] , Shalini Shyam Shetty v.

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Rajendra Shankar Patil [(2010) 8 SCC 329 : (2010) 3 SCC (Civ) 338] and Sameer Suresh Gupta v. Rahul Kumar Agarwal [(2013) 9 SCC 374 : (2013) 4 SCC (Civ) 345] . In Shalini Shyam Shetty [(2010) 8 SCC 329 : (2010) 3 SCC (Civ) 338] this Court observed: (SCC p. 352, paras 64-67)

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“64. However, this Court unfortunately discerns that of late there is a growing trend amongst several High Courts to entertain writ petition in cases of pure property disputes. Disputes relating to partition suits, matters relating to execution of a decree, in cases of dispute between landlord and tenant and also in a case of money decree and in various other cases where disputed questions of property are involved, writ courts are entertaining such disputes. In some cases the High Courts, in a routine manner, entertain petitions under Article 227 over such disputes and such petitions are treated as writ petitions.

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65. We would like to make it clear that in view of the law referred to above in cases of property rights and in disputes between private individuals writ court should not interfere unless there is any infraction of statute or it can be shown that a private individual is acting in collusion with a

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statutory authority.

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66. We may also observe that in some High Courts there is a tendency of entertaining petitions under Article 227 of the Constitution by terming them as writ petitions. This is sought to be justified on an erroneous appreciation of the ratio in Surya Dev [Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai, (2003) 6 SCC 675] and in view of the recent amendment to Section 115 of the Civil Procedure Code by the Civil Procedure Code (Amendment) Act, 1999. It is urged that as a result of the amendment, scope of Section 115 CPC has been curtailed. In our view, even if the scope of Section 115 CPC is curtailed that has not resulted in expanding the High Court's power of superintendence. It is too well known to be reiterated that in exercising its jurisdiction, High Court must follow the regime of law.

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67. As a result of frequent interference by the Hon'ble High Court either under Article 226 or 227 of the Constitution with pending civil and at times criminal cases, the disposal of cases by the civil and criminal courts gets further impeded and thus causing serious problems in the administration of justice. This Court hopes

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and trusts that in exercising its power either under Article 226 or 227, the Hon'ble High Court will follow the timehonoured principles discussed above. Those principles have been formulated by this Court for ends of justice and the High Courts as the highest courts of justice within their jurisdiction will adhere to them strictly.”

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(emphasis supplied)

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27. Thus, we are of the view that judicial orders of civil courts are not amenable to a writ of certiorari under Article 226. We are also in agreement with the view [Radhey Shyam v. Chhabi Nath, (2009) 5 SCC 616] of the referring Bench that a writ of mandamus does not lie against a private person not discharging any public duty. Scope of Article 227 is different from Article 226.

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28. We may also deal with the submission made on behalf of the respondent that the view in Surya Dev Rai [Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai, (2003) 6 SCC 675] stands approved by larger Benches in Shail [Shail v. Manoj Kumar, (2004) 4 SCC 785 : 2004 SCC (Cri) 1401] , Mahendra Saree Emporium (2) [Mahendra Saree Emporium (2) v. G.V. Srinivasa Murthy, (2005) 1 SCC 481] and Salem Advocate Bar Assn. (2) [Salem

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Advocate Bar Assn. (2) v. Union of India, (2005) 6 SCC 344] and on that ground correctness of the said view cannot be gone into by this Bench. In Shail [Shail v. Manoj Kumar, (2004) 4 SCC 785 : 2004 SCC (Cri) 1401], though reference has been made to Surya Dev Rai [Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai, (2003) 6 SCC 675] , the same is only for the purpose of scope of power under Article 227 as is clear from para 3 of the said judgment. There is no discussion on the issue of maintainability of a petition under Article 226. In Mahendra Saree Emporium (2) [Mahendra Saree Emporium (2) v. G.V. Srinivasa Murthy, (2005) 1 SCC 481] , reference to Surya Dev Rai [Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai, (2003) 6 SCC 675] is made in para 9 of the judgment only for the proposition that no subordinate legislation can whittle down the jurisdiction conferred by the Constitution. Similarly, in Salem Advocate Bar Assn. (2) [Salem Advocate Bar Assn. (2) v. Union of India, (2005) 6 SCC 344] in para 40, reference to Surya Dev Rai [Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai, (2003) 6 SCC 675] is for the same purpose. We are, thus, unable to accept the submission of the learned counsel for the respondent.

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29. Accordingly, we answer the question

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referred as follows:

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29.1. Judicial orders of the civil court are not amenable to writ jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution.

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29.2. Jurisdiction under Article 227 is distinct from jurisdiction under Article 226. 29.3. Contrary view in Surya Dev Rai [Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai, (2003) 6 SCC 675] is overruled.

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30. The matters may now be listed before the appropriate Bench for further orders.”

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It is further submitted that in view of the law laid down by the Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of Radhey Shyam and Another (supra), The Rules of The High Court at Patna have also been amended and vide Rule 6 of Chapter IIIA, it has been stipulated as follows :-

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“(6) Petitions under Article-227 of the Constitution of India in respect of any order or any proceeding before any Civil Court, would be filed in Civil Miscellaneous Jurisdiction and would be numbered as Civil Miscellaneous no. (C. Misc. No.).”

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The learned counsel for the petitioners submits that

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considering the aforesaid aspect of the matter, four weeks’ time be granted for converting the present writ petition into a Civil

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Miscellaneous Petition. Time so sought, is granted.

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The registry is directed to extend its cooperation to

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the learned counsel for the petitioners in order to ensure that the present writ petition is converted into Civil Miscellaneous Petition at the earliest, whereafter, the registry shall list the present case on priority basis, before the concerned Bench, in seisin of the subject matter of the present case, in view of the fact that the present case is pending since 10 years.

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(Mohit Kumar Shah, J)

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sonal/-

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AFR/NAFR	NAFR
CAV DATE	NA
Uploading Date	26.11.2024
Transmission Date	NA

Bhikhan Dusadh and Ors. v. Muni Lal Paswan and Ors.

Case brief

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Bhikhan Dusadh and Ors. v. Muni Lal Paswan and Ors.

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