News Item Titled Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do SHO Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari Appearing in Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20TH Nov 2025 vs State of Chattisgarh

Item No.03

BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL CENTRAL ZONE BENCH, BHOPAL (THROUGH PHYSICAL HEARING (WITH HYBRID OPTION)

Original Application No.175/2025(CZ)

News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th November, 2025, Suo Moto

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Vs.

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State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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Respondent(s)

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Date of Hearing: 07.04.2026

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CORAM: HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE SHEO KUMAR SINGH, JUDICIAL MEMBER HON’BLE DR. PRASHANT GARGAVA, EXPERT MEMBER

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For Applicant (s): Suo Moto

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For Respondent(s) : Mr. Abhinay Sharma, Adv. with Mr. Kartik Rajpurohit, Adv. and Ms. Kriti Vyas, Adv. for CECB

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ORDER

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The matter has been taken on the basis of a new report appearing in Dainik Bhaskar Raipur dated 20.11.2025 titled “ Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Karch Phirb

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Bhi Nahi Sudhari ”.

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The issue of air pollution in the District of Raipur and other district in Chhattisgarh has been raised in this application. The Dainik Bhaskar, Raipur dated 20.11.2025 highlighted the matter of air quality and reported that the air quality in Raipur, Bhilai, and Korba, Chhattisgarh, continues to remain very poor. Pollution levels in these cities are approximately 15 micrometers higher than the prescribed

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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standard. Engineers from all three municipal corporations have been trained in Hyderabad to improve air quality.

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Under the 15^th Finance Commission, Raipur, Bhilai, and Korba have been included in the NCAP (National Clean Air Programme) cities. A monitoring system has been set up to track air quality in these areas. It has been reported that public outreach activities are being conducted in highly polluted zones. Training programs are also being organized at the Administrative Academy, Nimora. To improve air quality, several measures are being taken like training at Nimora, Administrative Academy, repairing damaged roads, installing concrete blocks, afforestation, ensuring regular road cleaning, and operating a construction and demolition waste plant in urban areas. Additionally, information, education, and communication activities are being promoted through wall paintings and public awareness programs.

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PM10 Levels Remain High Pollution levels of PM10, a harmful particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less, remain a major concern. These particles can worsen respiratory issues such as asthma, cough, and bronchitis, and long-term exposure increases the risk of heart disease. Current PM10 readings of these cities are:

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Raipur: 75 µg/m³ Bhilai: 69 µg/m³ Korba: 65 µg/m³

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The prescribed limit is 60 µg/m³.

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It is further reported that the rise in pollution is primarily attributed to:

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Industrial activities

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Construction work

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Increasing vehicle traffic

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Agricultural burning

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Burning of coal and wood

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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Natural factors such as forest fires and pollen

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Despite ongoing efforts, the lack of significant improvement raises concert about the effectiveness of current strategies and highlights the need for stronger, more targeted action.

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On the mechanism of how PM2.5 can aggravate the respiratory disease, Prof. Thomas Munzel of Gutenberg University, Germany, said "When people inhale polluted air, the very small polluting particles, the PM2.5 migrate from the lungs to the blood and blood vessels, causing inflammation and severe oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between free radicals and oxidants in the body that normally repair damage to cells. This causes damage to the inner lining of arteries, the endothelium, and leads to the narrowing and stiffening of the arteries. Extending this analogy to Indian conditions, it is possible to infer that deaths attributable to pollution in India may not be less than 15%.

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That the Hon'ble Supreme Court, in Aditya Dubey (minor) v. Union of India & Ors ., W.P. (C) No. 1135 of 2020, took cognizance of the recurring smog episodes in Delhi-NCR and directed the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) to invite expert and public suggestions and to evolve a permanent, regional solution to the airpollution menace. Pursuant thereto, the CAQM constituted an Expert Group which, after wide consultation, framed a comprehensive sectorwise policy "for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution in NCR." As reflected in the CAQM press release dated 13 July 2022, this policy follows an air-shed approach and prescribes short-term (1 year), medium-term (2-3 years), and long-term (3-5 years) measures covering all key sectors industry, vehicles and transport, construction & demolition dust, road and open area dust, municipal solid-waste

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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burning, crop-residue burning, DG sets, thermal power plants, cleanfuel transition, electric-mobility, public-transport expansion, greening, and fire-cracker regulation.

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Hon'ble the Supreme Court endorsed CAQM framework thus provides a model of differentiated but coordinated regional management, emphasising strict, time-bound implementation and improved monitoring and compliance. However, the State has not adopted any comparable mechanism for its non-attainment cities, nor has it prepared an effective Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) tailored to its air-shed. This omission. violates the spirit of the Aditya Dubey (minor) v. Union of India & Ors . directions and defeats the national objective of achieving NAAQS compliance under the NCAP.

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In our view, a substantial question relating to environment has arisen due to implementation of scheduled enactments under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. The power of the Tribunal to take up the matter Suo Moto has been recognized by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the matter of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai vs. Ankita Sinha & Ors. reported in 2021 SCC online SC 897.

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The matter was taken up by this Tribunal and a Committee was constituted with the following persons with direction to submit the factual and action taken report:-

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i. One representative from Principal Secretary (Environment), Chhattisgarh,

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ii. One representative from Principal Secretary, Urban Development, Chhattisgarh,

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iii. One representative from State Pollution Control Board, Chhattisgarh,

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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iv. One representative from Central Pollution Control Board,

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Chhattisgarh.

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The Members of the Committee visited the site and submitted the

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report as follows:-

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“Joint Committee Report

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…………..x………..x………….x……….x…………

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1.0 City-wise factual status

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1.1 Korba

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City located in the northern part of Chhattisgarh (22.3595° N, 82.7501° E), is a critically industrialized district widely recognized as the "Power Capital of Chhattisgarh." The district spans approximately 7145 sq. km, with substantial forest cover (~40%), and is traversed by the Hasdeo River system. The region experiences a hot tropical climate with high summer temperatures and monsoon-driven rainfall (~1500 mm annually), which significantly influences pollutant dispersion dynamics. Korba city itself functions as an industrialurban agglomeration with mixed land use comprising dense residential settlements, industrial estates, mining zones, and transportation corridors, leading to close proximity between emission sources and receptors.

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The Korba industrial cluster comprises multiple high-emission sectors including coal-based thermal power plants (NTPC, CSEB, and private units), aluminium production (BALCO), coal washeries, and associated ancillary industries. The region is also a major coal mining hub under SECL, hosting some of the largest open-cast mines in India such as Gevra, Kusmunda, and Dipka, which significantly contribute to fugitive dust emissions and heavy vehicular movement. The cumulative industrial profile results in a complex emission scenario involving point, line, and area sources.

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Source apportionment and emission inventory assessments conducted by IIT Kharagpur in 2024 indicate that the major contributors to air pollution in Korba include stack emissions from thermal power plants (SO2, NOx, PM), fugitive emissions from mining and coal handling operations, vehicular emissions from intensive coal transportation, and secondary sources such as road dust resuspension, open burning, and use of solid fuels in informal sectors. The interaction of these sources leads to elevated levels of particulate matter P*M{10} and PM 2 + 5 ) which remain the_

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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dominant pollutants of concern. Meteorological analysis, including Windrose assessment, indicates seasonal variability in wind direction and dispersion patterns, with relatively stable atmospheric conditions during winter leading to pollutant accumulation, while improved dispersion is observed during summer and monsoon periods. Source apportionment analysis indicates that industrial emissions are the dominant contributor to particulate pollution in Korba, accounting for ~53% of P*M{10} and 50% of PM2.5, primarily from coal-based thermal power plants and allied industries. Road dust and mining activities are the next major contributors to PM_{10} (15% and 12% respectively), reflecting the influence of fugitive emissions and material handling. Vehicular emissions contribute relatively lower to PM_{10} (~7%) but have a higher share in P M 2.5 (~14%), indicating their significance in fine particulate formation. Other sources including construction activities, domestic fuel use, DG sets, waste burning, and commercial activities contribute marginally but cumulatively add to the overall pollution load._

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Overall, Korba represents a highly stressed industrial airshed characterized by the co-existence of large-scale thermal power generation, intensive coal mining, and urban activities within a confined geographic region. The cumulative pollution load, particularly from particulate matter and combustion-related emissions, often approaches or exceeds the assimilative carrying capacity of the region.

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1.2 Fund utilization:

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Korba (municipal boundary) having population of 3.65 lakh as per Census 2011, classified as non-attainment city based on the air quality status. To improve the air quality, city was funded under NCAP program since FY 2019-20. The major thematic activities are to be taken under this NCAP fund on are capacity building, road dust, biomass burning, vehicle pollution, industrial pollution, plantation, construction & demolition etc. Since 2019-20 to 2025-26, Korba has received total 9.76Cr funding. Out of this, only 6.69 CR (68.5%) is utilized till date.

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Following are the major activities on which the Municipal Corp, Korba spent the funded amount to improve the air quality.

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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The cumulative fund utilization under NCAP for Korba indicates that management of road dust and construction & demolition waste constitutes the largest share (~49.9%), followed closely by plantation and greening activities (~44.8%). A relatively smaller proportion (~5.2%) has been allocated towards E.V. charging infrastructure, indicating initial efforts towards cleaner mobility. Following major declaration was made by ULB, Korba & other dept under the Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan (SVS) 2024-25 w.r.t. roads, C&D waste, MSW, Industrial pollution, electricity etc.

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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1.3 Air quality:

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There are 02 Continuous Ambient Air Quality Station (CAAQMS) are installed. One at CECB office, Rampur (22.368132, 82.746592) & another at Urja Nagar, near Gevra coal mine (22.348474, 2.549252). The cumulative annual air quality of these stations reveals that the air quality deteriorated in last 5 years since 2019-20.

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1.4 Observation of the committee for Korba city:

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The Committee conducted field inspections at multiple locations in Korba to assess on-ground implementation of air pollution control measures and noted the following:

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i. The Committee visited the garden developed near the Water Treatment Plant, Kohadiya (Ward No. 16), which has been converted from a former waste dumping site by the Municipal Corporation. Pavement works have been executed in the area, and self-watering plantation systems interventions. were observed, indicating positive urban greening

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ii. At the Mudhpar Bypass, a major coal transportation corridor, it was informed that daytime movement of heavy vehicles is restricted. Mist cannon systems were found operational during the visit.

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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However, significant accumulation of road dust was observed along pavement edges, indicating the need for improved dust management practices.

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iii. The Committee inspected the Manikpur Railway Siding area, identified as a hotspot, where heavy coal dust accumulation was observed along transportation routes. The roads were found to be unpaved/non-concretized, contributing to fugitive dust emissions. iv. The EV charging station at Ghataghar, Niharika established by the Municipal Corporation was yet to start.

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v. At the CAAQMS station located at CECB Regional Office, Rampur, the Committee observed that ambient air quality is significantly influenced by nearby kaccha road, thermal power plants, with visible emissions from stacks of NTPC and HTPS, Korba & others.

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vi. The Committee visited the C&D waste processing plant at Transport Nagar, where it was observed that air pollution control systems (APCs) and water sprinkling arrangements were not in place, leading to potential dust emissions during processing operations. Also the C&D facility is just a showcase having no practical operation. Vii. At the CAAQMS station located within DAV Public School Campus, Urja Nagar (Gevra), it was noted that the station lies outside municipal limits. Evidence of open burning of biomass (tree leaves) and coal usage in nearby households was observed, which may adversely affect monitoring data and result in variability in recorded values.

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viii. The Committee also inspected the SECL coal transportation route at Gevra, where roads were found to be unpaved and poorly maintained, resulting in significant dust generation during vehicular movement.

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As per the data analysis for year 2025-26, the air mostly deteriorates during 8PM to 3AM during heavy coal transportation activity. ix. At the NTPC, Korba ash dyke area, significant fugitive dust emissions were observed. Although water sprinkling systems have been installed, they were not found operational during the inspection, contributing to localized air pollution. Further, ongoing ash excavation activities for enhancing ash utilization necessitate continuous and effective operation of dust suppression measures, including water sprinkling.

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x. It was observed that ash is being disposed in low-lying areas without adequate compaction and soil covering, resulting in increased susceptibility to wind entrainment and consequent deterioration of ambient air quality.

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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The field assessment indicates that, although certain measures such as urban greening and deployment of mist cannons have been undertaken, substantial gaps persist in effective dust control, infrastructure upkeep, operationalization of installed facilities, and enforcement of prescribed mitigation measures, particularly in coal handling areas, transportation corridors, and industrial zones. The current level of NCAP fund allocation and utilization appears inadequate considering the intensity and scale of pollution sources in Korba airshed.

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Key co concerns include high industrial emission load, coal transportation through urban areas, poorly managed coal sidings (inadequate wind-breaking arrangements and non-functional water sprinkling systems), sub-optimal ash dyke management, and instances of open biomass burning near CAAQMS locations, all of which are contributing to adverse air quality conditions.

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In view of the above, intensified and coordinated action is required from the Government of Chhattisgarh, State Environment Department, and State Pollution Control Board. Strict enforcement measures, including imposition of environmental compensation on non-complying industries and associated activities, need to be undertaken in accordance with CPCB guidelines..

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Further, it is recommended that highly polluting industries shall deploy adequate dust mitigation infrastructure, including mechanized road sweeping machines and mist-based dust suppression systems, in and around their operational areas and along transportation routes, to ensure effective control of fugitive emissions.

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1.5 Recommendation of the Committee:

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i. Adequate and continuous water sprinkling arrangements shall be ensured at Mudhpar Bypass, being a major coal transportation corridor, along with periodic mechanized cleaning to prevent dust accumulation. (Implementing Agency: Concerned Municipal Authority) ii. ii. Coal transportation at Manikpur railway siding and other similar locations shall be carried out only through covered (tarpaulin-fitted) vehicles, with strict enforcement by CECB and Transport Department. Paving of internal roads, installation of water sprinkling systems, and regular mechanized cleaning shall be ensured. Violations shall attract penalty/ environmental compensation against the siding management. (Implementing Agency: SECL, Railway Siding

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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Management, CECB, Transport Department, Concerned Road Development Agency, Municipal Authority)

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iii. Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) shall ensure that all industries comply with prescribed emission norms, including verification of OCEMS data and functioning of pollution control equipment, with action against non-compliance as per applicable provisions. (Implementing Agency: CECB)

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iv. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste generated within the city shall be scientifically managed, processed, and reused, and the existing C&D facility shall be made fully functional with adequate air pollution control systems and dust suppression arrangements. (Implementing Agency: Concerned Municipal Authority)

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v. All unpaved roads outside industrial premises, particularly in industrial and transport corridors, shall be identified and converted into drain-to-drain paved roads in a phased manner, with interim dust control measures. (Implementing Agency: CSIDC/ Concerned Road Development Agency)

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vi. The area surrounding CAAQMS stations shall be paved and maintained as a pollution-free buffer zone, and the concerned authority shall ensure complete prohibition of open burning (including dry leaves/biomass) in the vicinity. (Implementing Agency: Concerned Municipal Authority)

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vii. The SECL coal transportation routes at Gevra, Korba shall be paved, properly maintained, and subjected to continuous dust suppression measures, including mechanized sweeping and water sprinkling, to minimize fugitive emissions. (Implementing Agency: Concerned Municipal Authority and Road Development Agency)

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viii. NTPC, Korba and other thermal power plants shall ensure that ash dyke areas are equipped with functional water sprinkling systems, with continuous operation during ash handling and disposal. Further, proper compaction and soil covering of ash shall be ensured to prevent windblown emissions. CECB shall monitor compliance across all such facilities. (Implementing Agency: CECB and NTPC/Concerned Thermal Power Plants)

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ix. All coal handling areas, stockyards, and sidings shall install and maintain wind-breaking walls/barriers and fixed dust suppression systems, and ensure their continuous operation. (Implementing Agency: SECL, Industry Operators, CECB)

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x. The State Government shall augment air quality monitoring infrastructure, including installation of additional CAAQMS stations at identified hotspots and strengthening of data validation

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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mechanisms. (Implementing Agency: State Environment Department, CECB)

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xi. A complete ban on open burning shall be strictly enforced across the city, with a penalty mechanism and monitoring system to ensure compliance. (Implementing Agency: Municipal Authority, CECB, SECL) xii. All highly polluting industries shall deploy adequate dust mitigation infrastructure, including mechanized road sweepers and mist cannon systems, within and around their premises and along transportation routes. (Implementing Agency: Concerned Industries, CECB)

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2.1 Bhilai

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Bhilai city, located in the central part of Chhattisgarh, forms part of the Durg-Bhilai urban agglomeration, comprising seven Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), namely Bhilai, Durg, Risali, Charoda, Jamul, Khumhari, and Utai, The region represents a critically industrialized airshed with dense population distribution and mixed land-use patterns. As per the source apportionment study (2024) conducted by Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, the study domain encompasses a 25 km radius with Bhilai Steel Plant as the epicenter, reflecting close spatial proximity of industrial, residential, and commercial activities.

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The city functions as a major metallurgical and manufacturing hub, anchored by the Bhilai Steel Plant, one of India's largest integrated steel plants. The industrial landscape includes steel production units, ferro-alloy industries, engineering units, sponge iron plants, rolling mills, cement industries, and brick kilns, resulting in a highly emission-intensive industrial cluster with dominant combustion and process-related emissions.

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Climatically, Bhilai experiences a tropical regime with pronounced seasonal variation. Winter conditions are characterized by low mixing height and stable atmosphere, leading to pollutant accumulation, whereas summer and monsoon seasons support improved dispersion. Windrose analysis (IIT Kharagpur, 2024) indicates predominant wind movement across industrial-residential corridors, facilitating the transport of pollutants across the airshed. The major traffic congestion hotspots identified within the Bhilai Municipal area include Nehru Nagar Chowk, Supela Chowk, Chandra Maurya Chowk, Power House Chowk, Khursipar Chowk, Chhawni Chowk,

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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and Surya Mall Chowk, where high vehicular density and intersection load contribute to frequent traffic bottlenecks. During Source apportionment study conducted by IIT Kharagpur & Kanpur, air quality monitoring has been undertaken across multiple representative locations, including industrial (SAIL, Hathkhoj), residential (Kohka, Morid), commercial (Risali), and background sites, capturing the influence of diverse emission sources such as industrial activities, vehicular traffic, road dust resuspension, domestic fuel use, and waste burning.

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Emission inventory and source apportionment studies indicate that industrial sources are the dominant contributors, accounting for approximately 40% of PM10 and 30% of PM2.5 emissions, with a significant share attributable to the Bhilai Steel Plant and associated industries. Transport emissions contribute about 19% of PM10 and 26% of PM2-59 highlighting their importance in fine particulate formation. Construction activities contribute 15%, followed by road dust (14% for PM10 and 9% for PM2.5). Additional contributions arise from domestic fuel use, brick kilns, DG sets, and waste burning, cumulatively increasing the particulate load. The PM10 & PM2.5 emission estimates (% share) from various sectors in Bhilai as per IIT, Kharagpur source apportionment study (2024).

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The urban environment is characterized by intensive vehicular movement and traffic congestion, particularly along major corridors connecting industrial zones and material transport routes. Coal usage in informal sectors (e.g., roadside eateries, ironing units) and open burning of municipal waste further contribute to localized emissions. Unlike coal-dominated regions such as Korba, Bhilai does not host major coal mining operations within its immediate boundary; however, substantial coal consumption occurs within industrial processes, particularly in steel production. Additionally, cement and sponge iron industries in the surrounding Durg region contribute to the cumulative pollution load, indicating a regional airshed impact beyond municipal limits.

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Overall, Bhilai represents a highly stressed industrial-urban airshed, where industrial emissions, vehicular pollution, road dust resuspension, and secondary aerosol formation collectively contribute to elevated PM10 and PM2.5 levels, frequently exceeding NAAQS limits, particularly during winter. The airshed is characterized by a multi-source pollution regime involving point (industry), line (transport), and area sources (dust, domestic combustion, waste burning). The close proximity of industrial clusters to residential areas

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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and lack of adequate buffer zones further aggravate exposure risk and indicate limited assimilative capacity of the region.

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2.2 Fund utilization:

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Durg-Bhilai Urban Agglomeration in Chhattisgarh, covering a current population of approximately 15.54 lakh over an area of 295 sq. km., classified as non-attainment city based on the air quality status. To improve the air quality, city was funded under NCAP as well as under XV Finance Commission since FY 2019-20. The major thematic activities are to be taken under this NCAP fund on are capacity building, road dust, biomass burning, vehicle pollution, industrial pollution, plantation, construction & demolition etc. The financial summary for Durg-Bhilai Urban Agglomeration indicates that under NCAP, a total fund of 16.00 crore has been received, out of which 25.57 crore has been utilized, reflecting a high utilization rate of approximately 92.8%, with a remaining balance of ₹0.43 crore. In comparison, under the 15th Finance Commission grants, a substantially higher allocation of ₹135.60 crore has been received, of which ₹111.42 crore has been utilized, resulting in a utilization rate of about 82.2%, leaving a balance of ₹24.18 crore.

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The expenditure pattern is heavily skewed towards road dust and C&D waste management (~80.8%), indicating a strong focus on particulate matter control through dust mitigation measures. Other sectors such as plantation, waste management, and clean energy interventions have received minimal allocation, reflecting limited diversification of air pollution control strategies.

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Following work were executed in the Durg-Bhilai agglomeration to improve the air quality:

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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Following major declaration was made by ULB Bhilai & other dept under the Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan (SVS) 2024-25 w.r.t. roads, C&D waste, MSW, Industrial pollution, electricity etc.

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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The assessment indicates that road dust management remains a critical gap, with limited road shoulder paving (-41%) and mechanical sweeping (-48%) despite relatively good road paving (-84%). In contrast, C&D waste management and MSW handling are highly efficient, with 93% processing and near-complete compliance, including effective control of open burning. Industrial emissions are well regulated, with 100% compliance and OCEMS coverage, though absence of clean fuel transition remains a concern. Vehicular pollution control shows mixed performance, with strong infrastructure but low PUC compliance (-44%) and limited e-mobility penetration (- 5.6%). IEC activities demonstrate strong outreach, covering -94%

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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households and all schools. Overall, while institutional and infrastructure systems are largely in place, targeted strengthening of dust control and vehicular emission compliance is required for effective air quality improvement.

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3.3 Air quality:

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There are 03 Continuous Ambient Air Quality Station (CAAQMS) are installed. One at Bhilai Steel Plant, CECB office (32 Bungalow) & Hathkhoj Industrial Area (IA). The cumulative annual air quality of these stations reveals that the annual air quality is exceeding the annual standard of 60mug/m3 for PM10.

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The CAAQMS location are majorly in upwind direction, installation of new CAAQMS need to be in downwind direction to state the real picture of the city agglomeration air quality.

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2.4 Observations of the Committee for Bhilai City

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The Committee conducted field inspections at multiple locations in Bhilai to assess on-ground implementation of air pollution control measures and noted the following:

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i. The Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station (CAAQMS) at 32 Bungalow, CECB Office, Bhilai is located adjacent to an ongoing construction site (laboratory building), and past instances of biomass (leaf) burning were observed in the vicinity, which may influence monitoring results. The construction work needs to be executed as per the CPCB guideline for construction site.

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ii. In the industrial areas adjoining Bhilai, significant accumulation of road dust along central dividers was observed, indicating inadequate cleaning practices. Resuspension of this dust due to heavy vehicular movement contributes to localized air pollution.

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iv. At the CAAQMS station in Hathkhoj industrial area, the approach road and surrounding area are unpaved, and presence of dry vegetation poses a risk of fire incidents, potentially affecting monitoring data integrity.

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v. Improper handling and disposal of construction and demolition (C&D) waste was observed at multiple locations, contributing to fugitive dust emissions.

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vi. Roads outside industrial premises were found to be unpaved (nondrain-to-drain), leading to increased dust generation during movement of heavy vehicles.

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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2.5 Recommendations of the Committee

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i. Construction activities near CAAQMS stations shall be undertaken with adequate dust control measures, including green net covering and regular water sprinkling, ensuring that monitoring results are not adversely affected. (Implementing Agency: Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board)

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ii. CAAQMS network shall be optimized based on meteorology (downwind placement) and source distribution, supported by GISbased emission inventory and dispersion modelling for real-time decision-making and targeted interventions. (Implementing Agency: Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board)

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iii. All remaining unpaved road shoulders (-59%) shall be paved on priority, and mechanized sweeping coverage shall be increased from - 48% to at least 80%, particularly on high-traffic corridors. Regular vacuum sweeping and water sprinkling (minimum 2-3 cycles/day) shall be ensured, along with maintenance of green buffers along roads. (Implementing Agency: Municipal Authority/CSIDC)

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iv. The areas surrounding CAAQMS stations shall be paved and maintained as controlled zones, and measures shall be taken to prevent biomass burning оr incidents in the vicinity. fire (Implementing Agency: Concerned Municipal Authority) v. All major industries including steel, sponge iron, ferro-alloy and cement units shall ensure that the adequate install APCDs runs optimally and ensure continuous compliance through OCEMS along with periodic third-party environmental audits, considering the dominant contribution of industrial emissions to particulate pollution. (Implementing Agency: Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) and Concerned Industries)

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vi. Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) shall ensure strict compliance of emission norms by industries, including monitoring of pollution control systems and necessary enforcement action. (Implementing Agency: CECB)

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vi. While collection and processing are satisfactory, the ULB shall ensure 100% utilization of processed C&D waste and enforce mandatory on-site dust mitigation compliance at all construction sites, including real-time monitoring and penalties for violations. (Implementing Agency: Municipal Authority)

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vii. All unpaved roads outside industrial premises shall be identified and converted into drain-to-drain paved roads in a phased manner to

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control fugitive dust emissions. (Implementing Agency: CSIDC/Concerned Road Development Agency).

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vii. Strict enforcement measures shall be undertaken to increase PUC compliance from ~44% to >90%, including penalty for non-compliance and integration with vehicle registration systems. Further, e-mobility adoption shall be accelerated through expansion of charging infrastructure and incentives. (Implementing Agency: Transport Department/Municipal Authority) The overall assessment indicates that Bhilai's air quality management framework has basic systems in place, however, gaps persist in monitoring representativeness, road dust control, and enforcement of vehicular and industrial emissions. The dominance of industrial and fugitive dust sources necessitates a multi-sectoral, enforcement-driven approach rather than isolated interventions. Strengthening of the CAAQMS network with scientifically appropriate siting is essential to ensure reliable data for decision-making. Simultaneously, aggressive road dust mitigation (paving, mechanized sweeping) and strict compliance enforcement (PUC, OCEMS, C&D rules) are required to address major emission sources. There is also a need to transition towards cleaner fuels and sustainable transport systems to achieve long-term reductions. Effective coordination among CECB, municipal authorities, transport department, and industrial stakeholders will be critical to ensure time-bound implementation. Overall, focused regulatory enforcement coupled with infrastructure strengthening is imperative to bring air quality within prescribed standards.

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3.1 Raipur

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The Raipur-Siltara region represents a critically polluted industrial airshed in central Chhattisgarh, characterized by a dense integration of urban, industrial, and transportation activities. Raipur, the state capital, lies in the central plains and forms a contiguous industrial cluster with Siltara, located approximately 10-15 km away, along with other industrial areas such as Urla. The IIT Kharagpur source apportionment study (2024) typically covers a-15 km radius, reflecting a mixed land-use pattern where residential areas exist in close proximity to heavy industries, thereby increasing population exposure to emissions. The region experiences a tropical wet and dry climate with pronounced seasonal variability-high temperatures in summer aid dispersion, monsoon rainfall facilitates pollutant

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washout, while winter conditions with low mixing heights and stable atmosphere lead to significant pollutant accumulation.

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The industrial profile of the region is dominated by metallurgical and mineral-based industries, particularly sponge iron units, steel rolling mills, ferro-alloy plants, cement industries and associated ancillary units, with Siltara emerging as a major cluster of red-category industries contributing substantially to point source emissions. Emission inventory and source apportionment assessments indicate that industrial emissions form the dominant pollution source, supplemented by significant contributions from road dust resuspension, vehicular emissions due to intensive freight and urban traffic, construction activities, and area sources such as biomass burning and coal use in informal sectors. The region also experiences considerable traffic congestion along key industrial-urban corridors, where heavy vehicle movement between Siltara and Raipur leads to both exhaust emissions and resuspension of dust, further aggravating particulate pollution.

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Air quality assessment indicates that the region frequently exceeds National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), particularly for P*M{10} and PM 2 - 51 and is categorized as a Critically Polluted Area (CPA) with limited assimilative carrying capacity. Seasonal trends show peak pollution levels during winter due to unfavourable dispersion conditions. Meteorological analysis, including windrose studies, suggests that prevailing winds facilitate transport of pollutants from industrial zones such as Siltara towards urban Raipur, thereby establishing a strong airshed linkage. Dispersion modelling further confirms that pollutant plumes extend across the study domain, highlighting that Raipur and Siltara function as a single integrated airshed influenced by combined industrial, vehicular, and area sources. Overall, the region exhibits a multisource pollution regime with significant cumulative impacts, necessitating coordinated airshed-level management focusing on industrial emission control, road dust mitigation, traffic management, and regulation of dispersed emission sources. The source apportionment study for Raipur indicates that construction activities are the dominant contributor to particulate pollution, accounting for approximately 37% of P*M_{10} and 31% of PM 2 * 5 emissions, reflecting the significant impact of ongoing urban development and associated dust generation. Road dust resuspension emerges as the second major contributor, contributing around 30% to PM10 and 24% to PM 2.5 , highlighting inadequate_

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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road maintenance and dust control practices. Transport emissions contribute -12% to PM10 and 18% to PM 2.5, indicating their relatively higher influence on fine particulate matter. Industrial sources have a moderate contribution (-9% in PM10 and -7% in PM 2.5), while other sources such as domestic fuel use, DG sets, brick kilns, and waste burning contribute smaller yet cumulatively significant shares. Overall, the emission profile reflects a dominance of fugitive and area sources over point sources, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions in construction dust management, road dust control, and vehicular emissions to achieve effective air quality improvement in Raipur. The PM10 & PM2.5 emission estimates (% share) from various sectors in Raipur as per IIT, Kharagpur source apportionment study (2024).

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The source apportionment study for Siltara Industrial Area indicates that industrial emissions are the predominant contributor to particulate pollution, accounting for approximately 49% of PM10 and 38% of PM2-59 reflecting the dominance of metallurgical and process industries in the region. Road dust resuspension is the next major contributor, contributing around 19% to PM10 and 15% to PM2.5, followed by construction activities (-17% for both PM10 and PM2.5), indicating the role of fugitive dust sources. Transport emissions contribute relatively lower to PM10 (-7%) but have a higher share in PM2.5 (-15%), highlighting their significance in fine particulate formation. Other sources such as DG sets, domestic fuel use, brick kilns, waste burning, and commercial activities contribute marginally but cumulatively add to the pollution load. Overall, the emission profile is dominated by industrial point sources supplemented by significant fugitive dust emissions, necessitating focused control on industrial emissions along with dust mitigation measures. The PM10 & PM2.5 emission estimates (% share) from various sectors in Siltara as per IIT, Kharagpur source apportionment study (2024).

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3.2 Fund utilization:

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Raipur and Birgaon Municipal Corporations, located in the state of Chhattisgarh, together constitute a major urban agglomeration with a current population of approximately 16.90 lakh, reflecting significant urban growth over the past decade. As per the Census 2011, the population of the area was 11.24 lakh, indicating rapid urbanization and expansion of municipal limits, which has implications for infrastructure demand, environmental management, and air quality.

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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The city was classified as non-attainment city based on the air quality status 2017-18. To improve the air quality, city was funded under NCAP as well as under XV Finance Commission since FY 201920. The major thematic activities are to be taken under this NCAP fund on are capacity building, road dust, biomass burning, vehicle pollution, industrial pollution, plantation, construction & demolition etc. The financial summary for Raipur-Birgaon Urban Agglomeration indicates that under the 15th Finance Commission (XVFC), a total of 145.59 crore has been received, out of which 188.79 crore has been utilized, reflecting an overall utilization of approximately 61%. Raipur Municipal Corporation accounts for the major share with ₹128.46 crore received and ₹78.39 crore utilized (-61%), while Birgaon Municipal Corporation has received 17.13 crore and utilized ₹10.40 crore (-61%). Year-wise trends indicate relatively better utilization during FY 2021-22 and FY 2022-23, followed by comparatively lower expenditure in recent years.

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Under the NCAP (CoP) framework, a total of 25.97 crore has been released during FY 2019-20 to FY 2025-26, comprising 2.82 crore to Raipur Municipal Corporation and 23.15 crore to CECB. Since the NCAP table reflects fund release rather than detailed utilization, percentage utilization is not explicitly indicated; however, the distribution shows peak allocation during FY 2021-22 with comparatively lower releases in subsequent years. Overall, while XVFC funds show moderate utilization (-61%), NCAP funds remain limited in scale, highlighting the need for better convergence and targeted deployment towards air pollution mitigation measures. Activity-wise Physical Progress & Fund Utilization Raipur UA (XV-FC AQI Grants) is as given below:

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The fund utilization pattern for Raipur UA indicates a highly skewed allocation towards road dust management (~78%), reflecting prioritization of fugitive dust control measures. Other sectors such as C&D waste (7%), greening (6%), and MSW management (5%) receive moderate attention, while capacity building, public outreach, and vehicular emission control remain minimally funded (<3%).

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Following major declaration was made by ULB Raipur & other dept under the Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan (SVS) 2024-25 w.r.t. roads, C&D waste, MSW, Industrial pollution, electricity etc.

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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The assessment indicates that Raipur has achieved near-complete compliance in key sectors such as C&D waste management, MSW handling, and industrial emissions, reflecting strong institutional control and infrastructure. Road infrastructure and mechanized sweeping coverage are also substantial; however, urban greening remains limited (~20%), indicating scope for ecological interventions. Vehicular management is relatively robust with high PUC compliance (83%), though e-mobility penetration remains low, limiting long-term emission reduction. Despite these measures, only marginal improvement (1.31%) in PM₁₀ levels suggests that existing interventions are not yet translating into significant ambient air quality gains. Overall, the city demonstrates good compliance-driven performance but requires targeted, outcome-oriented strategies for measurable air quality improvement.

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3.3 Air quality:

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There are 04 Continuous Ambient Air Quality Station (CAAQMS) are installed at AIIMS, New ISBT, Krishak Nagar & Siltara Phase-II IA. The cumulative annual air quality of these stations reveals that the annual air quality is exceeding the annual standard of 60µg/m3 for PM10. The few years air quality trend is as given below:

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The trend shows an initial decline in PM10 levels from 70 µg/m³ (2017-18) to a low of 55 µg/m³ (2020-21), indicating temporary improvement in air quality. However, post-2020-21, there is a consistent increase, reaching 78 µg/m³ in 2022-23, followed by a slight decline but still elevated levels (-75 µg/m³ in 2024-25). The overall trend line indicates a gradual upward trajectory, suggesting that recent interventions have not sustained earlier gains. This reflects persistent emission pressures and limited long-term effectiveness of control measures.

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3.4 Observations of the Committee for Raipur UA

¶189

The Committee conducted field inspections at multiple locations in Raipur UA to assess on-ground implementation of air pollution control measures and noted the following:

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The Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station (CAAQMS) at AIIMS, Raipur is located in proximity to the Raipur-Bilaspur National Highway, resulting in elevated NOx & Benzene levels due to heavy vehicular movement. Additionally, operation of chulhas associated with nearby food service activities in the

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vicinity of the station may influence ambient air quality readings, thereby affecting data representativeness.

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In the industrial areas adjoining Raipur, significant accumulation of road dust along central dividers was observed, indicating inadequate cleaning practices. Resuspension of this dust due to movement of heavy vehicles contributes to localized air pollution.

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At the CAAQMS station in Siltara industrial area Phase-II, the surrounding area is unpaved, leading to dust generation and impacting the monitoring environment.

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Roads outside industrial premises were found to be unpaved (non drain-to-drain), resulting in increased fugitive dust emissions during vehicular movement.

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3.5 Recommendations of the Committee

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i. Regular and effective cleaning of road dust, particularly along road dividers in industrial areas, shall be ensured through mechanized sweeping and maintenance. (Implementing Agency: CSIDC)

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ii. The areas surrounding CAAQMS stations shall be paved and maintained as dust-free zones to ensure accurate monitoring of ambient air quality. (Implementing Agency: CSIDC)

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ⅲ. Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) shall ensure strict compliance of emission norms by industries, including continuous monitoring and enforcement actions. (Implementing Agency: CECB)

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iv. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste generated within the city shall be scientifically managed, disposed, or reused in compliance with applicable guidelines. (Implementing Agency: Concerned Municipal Authority)

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v. All unpaved roads outside industrial premises shall be identified and converted into drain-to-drain paved roads in a phased manner to control fugitive dust emissions. (Implementing Agency: CSIDC & CECB)

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vi. The location of CAAQMS at AIIMS shall be reviewed for representativeness, and nearby localized sources such as chulhabased cooking activities shall be regulated/relocated to avoid distortion in monitoring data. (Implementing Agency: CECB & Concerned Municipal Authority)

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vii. A dedicated traffic management plan for Raipur-Bilaspur corridor shall be implemented, including restriction of heavy-duty vehicles during peak hours and development of bypass routes, to reduce

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vehicular emission load near sensitive receptors. (Implementing Agency: Transport Department/Traffic Police / NHAI) viii. Considering that construction contributes -37% to PM10, strict enforcement of dust mitigation me measures (anti-smog guns, barricading, covering of materials, on-site monitoring) shall be ensured at all construction sites. (Implementing Agency: Municipal Authority/CECB)

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ix. The current fund allocation pattern shall be rebalanced, with increased investment in vehicular emission control, e-mobility infrastructure, and public transport augmentation, in line with source contribution trends. (Implementing Agency: Municipal Authority /Transport Department/State Govt.)

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x. In Siltara industrial area, industries shall be mandated to implement fugitive emission control measures, including windbreaking walls, water sprinkling systems, and covered material handling, along with third-party environmental audits. (Implementing Agency: CECB & Concerned Industries)

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xi. A comprehensive airshed-level action plan integrating RaipurSiltara shall be developed using dispersion modelling and GIS-based emission inventory, to enable targeted and coordinated pollution control measures. (Implementing Agency: CECB/CPCB / State Environment Department)

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xii. Urban greening shall be significantly enhanced from the current - 20% coverage, focusing on roadside plantations, green buffers along industrial corridors, and development of urban forests to improve dust suppression and micro-climate. (Implementing Agency: Municipal Authority/Forest Department)

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4.0 Graded Response Action Plan:

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The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) for non-attainment cities (Korba, Raipur, Durg-Bhilai) of Chhattisgarh has been prepared by the Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) in compliance with national directives under NCAP and regulatory framework. The document reflects implementation aligned with orders issued during 2018-2019, with subsequent operationalization through state-level and district-level institutional mechanisms. The plan has been formally adopted and operationalized through districtlevel committees constituted by the State Government for enforcement and monitoring.

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➢ GRAP is a predefined, graded emergency response mechanism designed to:

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Prevent further deterioration of air quality during pollution episodes

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Ensure time-bound, level-specific interventions based on AQI categories

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Protect public health, particularly vulnerable groups

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Facilitate coordinated action among multiple agencies

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Bring ambient air quality to at least "Moderate" or better category

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The plan is dynamic and temporary in nature, activated during adverse meteorological conditions and withdrawn once air quality improves.

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The GRAP framework includes:

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AQI-based classification system (Good to Severe/Emergency)

¶225

Source-specific control measures (industry, transport, dust, waste, DG sets)

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Cumulative action strategy (measures intensify with worsening AQI)

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Real-time monitoring and forecasting-based activation

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Public advisory and health alerts dissemination system

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It integrates regulatory, enforcement, and public participation measures for comprehensive air quality management.

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➢ GRAP Actions as per AQI Levels

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(A) Moderate to Poor (AQI 101-300)

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Strict ban on garbage burning

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Enforcement of pollution norms in industries & brick kilns

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Mechanized road sweeping & water sprinkling

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PUC enforcement and control of visibly polluting vehicles

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Dust control at construction sites

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Traffic management & diversion of heavy vehicles

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(B) Very Poor (AQI 301-400)

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Restriction on DG set usage

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. Increased parking fees to discourage private vehicles

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Augmentation of public transport services

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Ban on coal/firewood use in eateries

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Public health advisories for vulnerable groups

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(C) Severe (AQI 401-500)

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Closure of brick kilns, hot mix plants, stone crushers

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Shutdown/restriction of polluting industries

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Intensified road cleaning and dust suppression

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Restriction on truck movement in industrial/mining areas

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(D) Severe + Emergency

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Ban on entry of diesel trucks (except essential goods)

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Complete halt of construction activities

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Vehicle restriction schemes (odd-even / low emission zones)

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Closure of schools and emergency public health actions

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➢ Responsible/Implementing Agencies

¶257

GRAP implementation involves multi-agency coordination, including:

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Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) Monitoring, enforcement, advisories

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District Administration (Collector/DM) emergency decisions Activation of GRAP,

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Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) Road dust, MSW, construction control

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Transport Department & Traffic Police Vehicular emission control, traffic management

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Public Works Department (PWD) Road maintenance and dust control

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Industry / Power Plants Compliance with emission norms

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Police Department Enforcement support

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Directorate of Public Relations Public communication

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CECB provides real-time AQI data and forecasting, based on

¶267

which actions are triggered.

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Monitoring Committee and Institutional Mechanism

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District Level Monitoring Committee has been constituted for implementation and oversight of GRAP having following composition:

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District Collector / District Magistrate Chairman

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Sub-Divisional Magistrate (HQ) - Member Secretary

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Chairman, Municipal Corporation Member

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Superintendent of Police Member

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Regional Officer, CECB Member

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Transport Department Representative Member

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Urban Development Authority (UDA) - Member

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Industrial Development Corporation Representative - Member

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Forest Department Representative Member

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CREDA Representative Member

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All RTOs of the District - Members

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NGO Representative (Environment) Member

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Academic Expert (Environment) - Member

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The committee is empowered to:

¶286

Review daily AQI and forecasts

¶287

Issue implementation directions to line departments

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Ensure inter-departmental coordination

¶289

Take emergency decisions including restrictions/closures

¶290

5.0 Time-bound suggestive action plan to improve the air quality in Raipur, Bhilai and Korba Cities:

¶291

Based on the field observations, factual status on the work executed under NCAP & XV Finance Commission, available source apportionment study report outcomes, the committee proposes following time-bound suggestive action plan for all the 03 nonattainment cities:

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i. KORBA (Critically Polluted Industrial-Mining Airshed)

¶293

Dominated by thermal power plant emissions (-50%), mining dust, coal transport, and secondary particulates, with frequent exceedance of carrying capacity due to cumulative industrial load.

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Short Term (0-6 Months)

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ii. RAIPUR (Urban–Industrial Mixed Airshed) Major contribution from road dust (~30–37%), construction, vehicular emissions, and industrial cluster (Siltara), with secondary aerosol formation.

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iii. DURG–BHILAI (Industrial Agglomeration)

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Dominated by steel industry (~40%), transport, construction, and road dust, with high secondary PM formation.

¶302

iv. SILTARA (Polluted Industrial Area CPA)

¶303

Dominated by industrial emissions (-49% PM10), road dust, and combustion sources, with high localized pollution.

¶304

Short Term (0-6 Months)

¶305

100% OCEMS connectivity and validation

¶306

Immediate closure of non-compliant industries

¶307

Dust suppression in internal roads & yards

¶308

Ban on open storage of raw materials

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Agency: CECB / Industries / District Administration

¶310

Mid Term (1-2 Years)

¶311

Common pollution control infrastructure (cluster-based)

¶312

Fly ash and hazardous waste management strengthening

¶313

Green belt development 233% area coverage

¶314

Long Term (2-3 Years)

¶315

Transition to clean fuels (gas-based systems)

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➢ Mandatory regulatory framework for all cities

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Short Term

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Strict GRAP activation linked to AQI thresholds

¶321

Daily AQI-based review by District Collector

¶322

Real-time data disclosure and public advisories

¶323

Mid Term

¶324

Expansion & rationalization of CAAQMS network

¶325

Periodic emission inventory (every 2 years)

¶326

Capacity building of ULBs and enforcement agencies

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Long Term

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Airshed-based governance (regional approach)

¶329

Integration of satellite monitoring modelling + forecasting

¶330

Environmental compensation regime strengthening

¶331

The proposed action plan is scientifically anchored in source apportionment and carrying capacity assessments, and addresses sector-specific emission sources through phased interventions.”

¶332

It is argued by the learned Counsel for the CECB, Chhattisgarh, that

¶333

the State PCB has issued Graded Response Action Plan for NonAttainment Cities of Chhattisgarh which has been notified and actions are required to be taken in accordance with the guidelines. It is further argued that in order to implement and monitor progress of the proposed actions, a District Level Monitoring Committee has been proposed. The Committee may opt members as and when required. Proposed composition of District Level Monitoring Committee for GRAP

¶334

are as follows:-

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

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Since the actions which are required to be taken are - short term, mid term and long term, thus, it will be more appropriate to send the report of the Expert Committee/Joint Committee to the Secretary, Department of Environment, and Secretary, Urban Development Department, State of Chhattisgarh, with direction to reconsider the response and suggestions submitted by the Joint Committee and on the basis of this report or by constituting a separate Committee of Experts at the State Level, the suggestions will be implemented through the District Level Task Force/District Level Monitoring Committee for GRAP as notified by the State of Chhattisgarh.

¶338

Accordingly, we direct the Registry to send a copy of this order to the Secretary, Environment Department and the Secretary, Urban Development Department, State of Chhattisgarh, for consideration of the report and implementation in accordance with rules with direction to ensure that the air quality index must be within the prescribed limit in the different districts, especially the industrial areas.

¶339

With these observations, the Original Application No.175/2025(CZ) stands disposed of .

¶340

Sheo Kumar Singh, JM

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Dr. Prashant Gargava, EM

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07^th April, 2026, Original Application No.175/2025(CZ) AK

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35

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O.A. No.175/2025(CZ) News Item Titled “Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do Sho Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari” Appearing In Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20^th Nov. 2025 Vs. State of Chhattisgarh & Ors.

News Item Titled Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do SHO Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari Appearing in Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20TH Nov 2025 v. State of Chattisgarh

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News Item Titled Raipur Bhilai Va Korba Ki Hawa Kharab Panch Shal Me Do SHO Carod Kharch Phir Bhi Nahi Sudhari Appearing in Dainik Bhaskar Raipur Dated 20TH Nov 2025 v. State of Chattisgarh

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