Allowed¶17

Sangiliraj v. the State Human Rights Commission

Madras HC27 Jul 2026WP(MD)/16976/2018

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Madras High Court Division Bench (Dr. Justice Anita Sumanth and Justice Sunder Mohan) — judicial review of State Human Rights Commission compensation recommendation under Article 226; binding nature of SHRC recommendations per Full Bench in Abdul Sathar, 2021 SCC OnLine Mad 16611; perverse findings set aside for want of evidence; standard of proof for illegal detention, custodial violence and abduction; absence of medical evidence; contradictions in complainants' evidence; CBCID officers; habeas corpus antecedents (HCP No.2056 of 2008); S.H.R.C. No. 810 of 2009.

What did the court decide?

Impugned order dated 21.05.2018 passed by the State Human Rights Commission in S.H.R.C. No.810 of 2009 set aside; Writ Petitions allowed; connected Writ Miscellaneous Petitions closed. ¶17

Sangiliraj Vs the State Human Rights Commission — Murder and Culpable Homicide | Madras HC (2026)

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

Impugned order dated 21.05.2018 passed by the State Human Rights Commission in S.H.R.C. No.810 of 2009 set aside; Writ Petitions allowed; connected Writ Miscellaneous Petitions closed.

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Issue for consideration

Whether the Commission's findings that the petitioners kept the complainants in illegal custody and subjected them to custodial violence were supported by evidence, or were perverse and liable to be set aside in judicial review under Article 226. +1 more

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Ratio / Principle

The findings of the Commission are not based on the evidence and are therefore perverse; the impugned order dated 21.05.2018 in S.H.R.C. No.810 of 2009 is liable to be and is set aside.

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Key takeaways

Considering the overall evidence on record, the allegations that the complainants were illegally taken into custody, detained for 14 days and subjected to violence have not been proved.ratio¶15
Contrary to the Commission's view that there was no evidence except for illegal abduction, this Court finds there is no evidence for abduction also; the complainants' own statement of 26.12.2008 suggesting they were not in illegal custody makes it difficult to separate the chaff from the grain and accept only part of their evidence.ratio¶13

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

Five writ petitions under Article 226 by CBCID police personnel (Inspector, Sub-Inspectors, Head Constable and Constable) challenged the order dated 21.05.2018 of the Tamil Nadu State Human Rights Commission in S.H.R.C. No. 810 of 2009, which held them guilty of human rights violations and recommended compensation of Rs. 3,00,000/- to each of two complainants, recoverable from the officers, over an alleged abduction and 14-day illegal custody with custodial torture (12.12.2008 to 26.12.2008) during CBCID investigation of the 2006 murder of Ganesan, his wife Kala and their two children (Cr.No.637 of 2006). Following the Full Bench in Abdul Sathar v. Principal Secretary, 2021 SCC OnLine Mad 16611, that such recommendations bind the officers and are open to challenge under Article 226, the Division Bench (order delivered by Sunder Mohan J.) examined the merits and found: no medical evidence substantiated the assaults; the complainants' own 26.12.2008 statement spoke of voluntary movement; no independent witnesses were examined; the accounts contradicted each other (uniformed persons versus plain-clothesmen); no specific allegation was made against any particular officer and the array differed between complaint and order; and the officer could not be fixed with guilt merely because his counsel did not dispute the Public Prosecutor's submission in the closed Habeas Corpus Petition. Holding the Commission's findings not based on evidence and hence perverse, the Court set aside the impugned order, allowed the writ petitions and closed the connected miscellaneous petitions.

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WP No. 15850 of 2018 etc. batch

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS

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RESERVED ON: 23-06-2026

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PRONOUNCED ON: 27-07-2026

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CORAM

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THE HON'BLE DR.JUSTICE ANITA SUMANTH

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AND

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THE HON'BLE MR.JUSTICE SUNDER MOHAN WP No. 15850 of 2018 and WP(MD) Nos. 16976, 15031,

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14381 & 14382 of 2018

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AND WMP No. 18853 of 2018 and WMP (MD) Nos.14957, 13569, 13014 and 13015 of 2018

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WP No.15850 of 2018

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S.Kandakumar, S/o.K.Subbanna, Inspector of Police, (C.B.C.I.D. Virudhunagar at the relevant point of time)

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..Petitioner(s)

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1.The Principal Secretary to Government, Home Department, Fort St. George, Chennai-09.

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2.The Registrar State Human Rights Commission, No.143, P.S.Kumarasamy Raja Salai, Greenways Rd, Chennai-28

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3.R.Jaishankar, 4.R.Ponmuthuraj

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..Respondent(s)

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__________ Page 1 of 18

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https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis

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WP No. 15850 of 2018 etc. batch

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WP(MD) No. 16976 of 2018

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Sangiliraj Head Constable, PEW, Srivilliputhur, F1, Police Quarters, North Malaiadipatti, Rajapalayam Virudhunagar District.

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..Petitioner(s)

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1.The State Human Rights Commission Rep. by its Registrar, 143 - P.S. Kumarasamy Raja Salai, Greenways Road, Chennai - 600 028.

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2.Jaishankar

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3.Ponmuthuraj

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4.S. Kandhakumar Inspector Of Police, CBCID, Virudhunagar District.

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5.E. Irinthangabala Women Sub-Inspector of Police, CBCID, Virudhunagar District.

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6.Gurusamy Sub-Inspector Of Police, CBCID, Virudhunagar District.

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7.B. Alagupandi Police Constable, CBCID, Virudhunagar District.

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8.V. Vanaveerapandian Police Constable, CBCID, Virudhunagar District.

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… Respondents

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__________ Page 2 of 18

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WP No. 15850 of 2018 etc. batch

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WP(MD) No. 15031 of 2018

E. Irin Thangabala

..Petitioner(s)

1.The Registrar (LAW) The State Human Rights Commission, Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarangam, No.143, P.S. Kumarasamy Raja Salai (Greenways Road), Chennai-600 028. 2.R. Jaishankar 3.R. Ponmuthuraj

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..Respondent(s)

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WP(MD) No. 14381 of 2018

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Thiru. Gurusamy Sub Inspector of Police, S/o. Rengasamy, 2/598-3, Bharathi Nagar, Reserve Line, Sivakasi.

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..Petitioner(s)

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1.The State Human Rights Commission Rep. by its Registrar, 143-P.S.Kumarasamy Raja Salai, Greenways Road, Chennai-600 028. 2.Jaishankar 3.R.Ponmuthuraj 4.Thiru. S. Kandakumar Inspector of Police, CBCID Virudhunagar 5.Tmt. E. Irin Thangabala Women Sub-Inspector of Police, CBCID Virudhunagar

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__________ Page 3 of 18

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WP No. 15850 of 2018 etc. batch

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6.Thiru. Sangiliraj Police Constable, CBCID Virudhunagar

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7.Thiru. B. Alagupandi Police Constable, CBCID Virudhunagar

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8.Thiru. V. Vanaveerapandian Police Constable, CBCID Virudhunagar. (R4 to R8 are deleted vide order dated 15.10.2019 made in WP(MD).No.14381 and 14382 of 2018 by TSSJ and KRJ)

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..Respondent(s)

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WP(MD) No. 14382 of 2018

Thiru B. Alagupandi

..Petitioner(s)

1.The State Human Rights Commission Rep. by its Registrar, 143-P.S.Kumarasamy Raja Salai, Greenways Road, Chennai-600028.

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2.Jaishankar

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3.R.Ponmuthuraj

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4.Thiru. S. Kandakumar Inspector of Police, CBCID Virudhunagar 5.Tmt. E. Irin Thangabala Women Sub-Inspector of Police, CBCID Virudhunagar

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6.Thiru. Sangiliraj Police Constable, CBCID Virudhunagar

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WP No. 15850 of 2018 etc. batch

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7.Thiru. Gurusamy

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Sub Inspector of Police, CBCID Virudhunagar

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8.Thiru. V. Vanaveerapandian

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Police constable, CBCID Virudhunagar. (R4 to R8 are deleted vide order dated 15.10.2019 made in WP(MD).No.14381 and 14382 of 2018 by TSSJ and KRJ)

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..Respondent(s)

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Prayer in WP No.15850 of 2018: Writ Petition filed under Articles 226 of the Constitution of India, for issuance of a writ of certiorari, calling for records relating to the 2nd respondent’s order made in S.H.R.C. No.810/ 2009 dated 21.05.2018 to quash the same.

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Prayer in WP(MD) No. 16976 of 2018: Writ Petition filed under Articles 226 of the Constitution of India, for issuance of a writ of certiorari, calling for the records relating to order passed by the 1st respondent in his proceedings in S.H.R.C.No. 810 of 2009 dated 21.05.2018 and Quash the same as illegal.

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Prayer in WP(MD) No. 15031 of 2018: Writ Petition filed under Articles 226 of the Constitution of India, for issuance of a writ of certiorari, calling for the entire records pertaining to the order passed by the 1st respondent in S.H.R.C. No.810 of 2009 vide order dated 21.05.2018 and quash the same in so far as the petitioner is concerned.

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Prayer in WP(MD) No. 14381 of 2018: Writ Petition filed under Articles 226 of the Constitution of India, for issuance of a writ of

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certiorari, calling for the records relating to order passed by the 1st respondent State Human Rights Commission in S.H.R.C. No.810 of 2009 dated 21.05.2018 in so far as petitioner is concerned and quash the same.

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Prayer in WP(MD) No. 14382 of 2018: Writ Petition filed under Articles 226 of the Constitution of India, for issuance of the writ of certiorari, calling for the records relating to order passed by the 1st respondent State Human Rights Commission in S.H.R.C. No.810 of 2009 dated 21.05.2018 in so far as petitioner is concerned and quash the same.

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WP No.15850 of 2018

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For Petitioner(s): Mr.P.G.Santhoshkumar For Respondent(s): No Appearance (for R1) Mr.S.Karthikeyan (for R2) Mr.S.Venkatesh (for R3 & R4)

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WP (MD) No.16796 of 2018

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For Petitioner(s): No Appearance For Respondent(s): Mr.S.Karthikeyan (for R1) Mr.S.Venkatesh (for R2 & R3) No Appearance (for R4 to R8)

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WP (MD) No.15031 of 2018

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For Petitioner(s): Mr.D.Senthur Kugan for Mr.R.Anand For Respondent(s): Mr.S.Karthikeyan (for R1) Mr.S.Venkatesh (for R2 & R3)

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WP No. 15850 of 2018 etc. batch

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WP (MD) No. 14381 of 2018

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For Petitioner(s): Mr.K.Balasubramaniam for Mr.A.Sivasubramanian For Respondent(s): Mr.S.Karthikeyan (for R1) Mr.S.Venkatesh (for R2 & R3) R4 to R8 deleted vide Court order dated 15.10.2019.

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WP (MD) No. 14382 of 2018

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For Petitioner(s):	Mr.K.Balasubramaniam for Mr.A.Sivasubramanian
For Respondent(s):	Mr.S.Karthikeyan (for R1) Mr.S.Venkatesh (for R2 & R3)
	R4 to R8 deleted vide Court order dated 15.10.2019.

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Common Order

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(Order of the Court was delivered by Sunder Mohan J.)

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The captioned writ petitions have been filed by the police officers

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working in various positions challenging the order dated 21.05.2018 passed by the State Human Rights Commission [hereinafter referred to as, ‘the Commission’ ] in S.H.R.C.No.810 of 2009 holding them guilty of human rights violations.

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(2) The facts leading to the filing of the above writ petitions are as

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follows:

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(a) A case was registered for offences under Sections 302 and 380

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of the IPC by the Rajapalayam South Police Station in Cr.No.637 of 2006 for the murder of one Ganesan, his wife viz., Kala and their two children. Thereafter, the case was transferred to CBCID for further investigation.

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(b) It is the case of the complainants viz., R.Jaishankar [hereinafter referred to, as ‘the 1^st complainant’ ] and R.Ponmuthuraj [hereinafter referred to, as ‘the 2^nd complainant’ ], who are respondents 3 and 4 in W.P.No.15850 of 2018 and respondents 2 and 3 in other four Writ Petitions filed before the Madurai Bench of this Court that the petitioner in WP No.15850 of 2018, the Inspector of Police, CBCID, along with his team came to the office of the 2^nd complainant and forcibly took him and went to the room where the 1^st complainant stayed and took both of them first to E3-Teynampet Police Station, thereafter to Zam Bazaar Police Station; that they took both the complainants in a car from the said Police Station to Koyambedu Bus Stand and from there to Madurai CBCID office, ostensibly for the purpose of investigation in the murder case.

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(c) It is the further case of the complainants that at the CBCID Office at Madurai and at Theni, the complainants were kept in illegal custody and subjected to custodial torture, made to confess about their guilt in the murder case wherein the complainants' aunt, uncle and their two children were murdered.

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(d) The father of the complainants, who was examined as PW3 before the Commission, sent a telegram to CBCID on 12.12.2008 alleging that his two sons were forcibly taken by the police. On 13.12.2008, a relative of the complainants, viz., PW4 lodged a complaint before the Inspector of Police, E3 Teynampet Police Station stating that a few persons claiming themselves to be police officials had abducted the complainants.

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(e) On 16.12.2008, a Habeas Corpus Petition was filed by the father [PW3] before this Court alleging illegal detention by the Inspector of Police, CBCID, who is the petitioner in WP No.15850 of 2018, and his team. On 12.01.2009, this Court had closed the Habeas Corpus Petition by recording the submission of the learned Additional Public Prosecutor that the complainants were called for enquiry and sent away; and by

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fact.

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further observing that the petitioner’s counsel had not disputed the said fact.

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(f) On 27.01.2009, the complaint which gave rise to the impugned order was lodged by the complainants before the Commission praying for compensation due to the illegal custody and custodial violence.

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(g) Before the Commission, the complainants were examined as PW1 and PW2; their father was examined as PW3; and the cousin of the complainants, was examined as PW4. They had marked six documents including the telegram and the CSR Receipt issued by E3 Teynampet Police Station. The other documents filed were summons issued by the CBCID office to the complainants' father and mother. The petitioners, who are the respondents before the Commission, filed their counter and also examined themselves as witnesses.

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(h) It was the case of the petitioners before the Commission that they had never taken the complainants for enquiry and that the allegations have been invented only to shield the complainants and thwart any action

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against them in the murder case that was being investigated. They also pointed out to certain contradictions in the evidence of the complainants on certain vital facts.

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(i) During the course of enquiry, the Commission also directed the production of general diary relating to the station, viz., CBCID, Thallakulam from 01.12.2008 to 01.01.2009, register of train warrant details, register of work allotted to the police officials and few other documents.

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(j) The Commission, after considering the evidence, by the impugned order dated 21.05.2018, had recommended payment of compensation of Rs.3 Lakhs each to the complainants to be recovered from the petitioners herein, who were arrayed as respondents 2 to 6 before the Commission.

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The learned counsels for the petitioners would submit that the

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allegations are vague; that the Commission had no authority to direct payment of compensation and their findings can only be recommendatory

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in nature; and that in any case, the Commission had recorded that there was no direct evidence to establish illegal custody and violence during custody and therefore, ought to have disbelieved the case of the complainants, even as regards abduction.

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complainants, however, would submit that the Commission had considered the evidence in the right perspective and found a part of the complaint to be true, viz., illegal abduction and rightly awarded compensation, and in the absence of any procedural irregularity, this Court may not interfere in the writ proceedings, as scope of judicial review is limited.

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We have carefully considered the rival submissions and perused

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the records.

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A Full Bench decision of this Court in Abdul Sathar v. Principal

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Secretary and others, reported in 2021 SCC OnLine Mad 16611 , was brought to our notice, wherein it was held that the recommendation of the

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Commission is binding and the officers who have been found guilty of violation of human rights can challenge the orders by invoking Article 226 of the Constitution of India.

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It is the specific case of the complainants that they were taken into custody on 12.12.2008 and kept under illegal custody till 26.12.2008.

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A telegram was sent by the complainants' father to the CBCID on 12.12.2008. It is their case that this telegram was not received by the CBCID and it was returned. It is also not in dispute that a writ petition was filed in HCP No.2056 of 2008, before this Court. In the said writ petition, this Court had recorded the fact that the 2^nd respondent therein viz., the Inspector of Police, CBCID, had admitted taking the petitioners therein/complainants for enquiry and sending them after the enquiry. The complainants have not alleged before the Division Bench either illegal custody or custodial violence.

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Further, admittedly, no medical evidence was produced by the

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complainants to substantiate the assaults said to have been made by the police officials. In fact, PW2, the 2^nd complainant had admitted in the

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cross-examination that he and PW1, the 1^st complainant made a statement on 26.12.2008 before the Inspector of Police, E3 Teynampet Police Station that they had voluntarily gone to various places, implying that they were not kept under illegal custody. But PW2 would add that the police officials had forced him to make such a statement.

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However, neither the complainants nor their father had mentioned about this fact to the Division Bench which heard the Habeas Corpus Petition or in their complaint and proof affidavit before the Commission. The fact that they were threatened to withdraw the complaint was stated for the first time in the cross-examination when the statement made by PW2 to the Inspector of Police, was pointed out to him.

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In the complaint, a general allegation has been made as against seven respondents. In the proof affidavit, a reference is made to respondents 2 to 5 who are petitioners in the above writ petitions, that on 12.12.2008, they took both the complainants i.e., the 2^nd complainant from his office and the 1^st complainant from his room, to their office, but

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there is no reference to the presence of the 6^th respondent-Irin Thangabala, who was shown as 3^rd respondent in the final order.

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The array of the respondents are different in the complaint as well as in the order. It is not as if the complainants had identified the respondents/petitioners herein before the Commission. They just refer to them by their array in the proof affidavit and in the cross-examination. There is no specific allegation against any particular officer. Further, there is also reference to respondents 8 and 9, when there are no persons arraigned so.

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Admittedly, no independent witnesses who could have been examined by the complainants, viz., at the office of the 2^nd complainant or the room-mates of the 1^st complainant, had been examined.

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The Commission also found that there is no evidence except for illegal abduction. We find that there is no evidence for abduction also. That apart, as stated earlier, the complainants themselves had made a statement to the Inspector of Police, E3 Teynampet Police Station suggesting that they were not in illegal custody or subjected to custodial

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violence. The Commission itself had only believed a portion of the evidence of the complainants. However, on considering the evidence before the Commission, we are of the view that it is difficult to separate the chaff from the grain and accept only a part of the evidence of the complainants.

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We may also point out here that in the Habeas Corpus Petition, the learned Additional Public Prosecutor had stated before the Division Bench that the complainants were taken for enquiry and then sent back. But, the 2^nd respondent in the complaint before the Commission (the petitioner in WP No.15850 of 2018) had denied taking the complainants for enquiry. However, we find that there is nothing to show that the 2^nd respondent had filed an affidavit before the Division Bench. Hence, we cannot hold the 2^nd respondent guilty of any human rights violation only for this reason.

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We also find contradictions in the evidence of the complainants as regards whether uniformed persons or plain clothesman had taken them on 12.12.2008. Considering the overall evidence on record, we find

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the allegations that the complainants were illegally taken to custody and were detained for 14 days and subjected to violence, have not been proved.

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In such circumstances, since the findings of the Commission,

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are not based on the evidence and are hence perverse, we are inclined to set aside the same.

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Accordingly, the impugned order dated 21.05.2018 passed by

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the State Human Rights Commission in S.H.R.C.No.810 of 2009, is set aside and the Writ Petitions are allowed. Consequently, the connected

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Writ Miscellaneous Petitions are closed.

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(A.S.M.,J.) (S.M.,J.) 27-07-2026

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Index: Yes/No Speaking/Non-speaking order Neutral Citation: Yes/No

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ars

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DR.ANITA SUMANTH J. AND SUNDER MOHAN J.

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ars

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1.The Principal Secretary to Government, Home Department, Fort St. George, Chennai-09.

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2.The Registrar, State Human Rights Commission, No.143, P.S.Kumarasamy Raja Salai, Greenways Rd, Chennai-28.

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3.The Public Prosecutor, High Court, Madras.

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Pre-delivery common order in WP No. 15850 of 2018 and WP(MD) Nos. 16976, 15031, 14381 & 14382 of 2018 AND WMP No. 18853 of 2018 and WMP (MD) Nos.14957, 13569, 13014 and 13015 of 2018

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27-07-2026

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Procedural history

How this case reached the court

AI extract

Order under challenge
Order dated 21.05.2018 of the Tamil Nadu State Human Rights Commission in S.H.R.C. No. 810 of 2009 holding the petitioner-police officers guilty of human rights violations and recommending payment of compensation of Rs.3 Lakhs each to the two complainants, to be recovered from the officers.¶(j)
State Human Rights Commission, Tamil Nadu · 21.05.2018
Prior proceeding
Cr.No.637 of 2006 registered by Rajapalayam South Police Station under Sections 302 and 380 IPC for the murder of Ganesan, his wife Kala and their two children; investigation transferred to CBCID.¶(a)
Prior proceeding
Allegation of the complainants that on 12.12.2008 the Inspector of Police, CBCID and his team forcibly took the 2nd complainant from his office and the 1st complainant from his room, moving them through E3-Teynampet and Zam Bazaar police stations to the Madurai CBCID office, ostensibly for investigation.¶(b)
Prior proceeding
Father of the complainants (PW3) sent a telegram to CBCID on 12.12.2008; on 13.12.2008 a relative (PW4) complained at E3 Teynampet Police Station that persons claiming to be police had abducted the complainants.¶(d)
Prior proceeding
Habeas Corpus Petition (HCP No.2056 of 2008) filed by the father before this Court on 16.12.2008 alleging illegal detention by the Inspector of Police, CBCID and his team.¶(e)
Prior proceeding
On 12.01.2009 the Division Bench closed the Habeas Corpus Petition recording the learned Additional Public Prosecutor's submission that the complainants were called for enquiry and sent away, undisputed by the petitioner's counsel.¶(e)
Prior proceeding
On 27.01.2009 the complainants lodged the complaint before the Commission seeking compensation for illegal custody and custodial violence.¶(f)
Prior proceeding
Before the Commission, complainants examined as PW1 and PW2, father as PW3 and cousin as PW4; six documents marked; counter filed and officers self-examined.¶(g)
Prior proceeding
During enquiry the Commission directed production of the general diary of CBCID, Thallakulam (01.12.2008 to 01.01.2009), train-warrant register, work-allotment register and other documents.¶(i)
Prior proceeding
In WP(MD) Nos.14381 and 14382 of 2018, respondents 4 to 8 (fellow CBCID officers) were deleted from the array by order dated 15.10.2019.¶cause-title WP(MD) 14381/14382

Sangiliraj v. the State Human Rights Commission

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Sangiliraj v. the State Human Rights Commission

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Why is it important?

What the court decided

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Cases cited

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