Cross revision petitions by landowners and Power Grid Corporation against enhanced compensation awards for drawing 400 KV electric lines over their properties. Applying KSEB v. Livisha, the High Court confirmed all impugned District Court orders awarding compensation for tree cutting and diminution in land value with interest.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
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CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. BABU
TUESDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2025 / 29TH MAGHA, 1946
CRP NO. 580 OF 2018
AGAINST THE COMMON ORDER DATED 16.12.2017 IN OP(ELE)
NO.11 OF 2012 AND OTHER CASES OF THE ADDITIONAL DISTRICT
COURT, NORTH PARAVUR
REVISION PETITIONER/PETITIONER:
VARGHESE, AGED 63 YEARS, S/O.ULHANNAN, KIZHKKUMPARAMBIL HOUSE, PULLUVAZHI KARA,RAYAMANGALAM VILLAGE.
BY ADV.
SRI.P.C.HARIDAS
RESPONDENTS/RESPONDENTS:
1 POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD., CONSTRUCTION AREA OFFICE,MAVELIPURAM COLONY,KAKKANAD, COCHIN - 682 030.2 SPECIAL TAHSILDAR (LA), POWER GRID CORPORATION INDIA LTD., CHEVARAMBALAM, KOZHIKODE - 17.BY ADV.
SRI.MILLU DANDA PANI SC,
SMT.G SHEEBA GP
THIS CIVIL REVISION PETITION HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD
ON 18.02.2025, ALONG WITH CONNECTED CASES, THE COURT ON THE
SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
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CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. BABU
TUESDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2025 / 29TH MAGHA, 1946
CRP NO. 137 OF 2020
AGAINST THE ORDER DATED 05.03.2019 IN OP(ELE) NO.126
OF 2015 OF THE ADDITIONAL DISTRICT COURT, NORTH PARAVUR
REVISION PETITIONER/1ST RESPONDENT IN OP(ELE) 126/2015:
POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD.,
400 KV SUB STATION, PALLIKKARA,
KIZHAKKAMBALAM VILLAGE, KUMARAPURAM P.O.,
KUNNATHUNADU TALUK-683 565,
REPRESENTED BY GENERAL MANAGER.
BY ADV
SRI.PRAVEEN K. JOY
R ESPONDENTS/PETITIONERS 1 TO 6 & 2ND RESPONDENT IN OP(ELE)
126/2015:
1 HAWAMMA,AGED 67 YEARS, W/O.KOCHUMUHAMMAD, PIRAMBILLYKUDY, VENGOLA KARA, ARAKKAPPADY VILLAGE, KUNNATHUNADU TALUK-683 554.2 SUDHEER,AGED 50 YEARS, S/O.KOCHUMUHAMMAD, PIRAMBILLYKUDY, VENGOLA KARA, ARAKKAPPADY VILLAGE, KUNNATHUNADU TALUK-683 554.3 JASMI,AGED 44 YEARS, D/O.KOCHUMUHAMMAD, PIRAMBILLYKUDY, VENGOLA KARA, ARAKKAPPADY VILLAGE, KUNNATHUNADU TALUK-683 554.CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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4 SHUKOOR,AGED 43 YEARS, S/O.KOCHUMUHAMMAD, PIRAMBILLYKUDY, VENGOLA KARA, ARAKKAPPADY VILLAGE, KUNNATHUNADU TALUK-683 554.5 FATHIMA, AGED 42 YEARS, D/O.KOCHUMUHAMMAD, PIRAMBILLYKUDY, VENGOLA KARA, ARAKKAPPADY VILLAGE, KUNNATHUNADU TALUK-683 554.6 KADHEEJA,AGED 39 YEARS, D/O.KOCHUMUHAMMAD, PIRAMBILLYKUDY, VENGOLA KARA, ARAKKAPPADY VILLAGE, KUNNATHUNADU TALUK-683 554.7 SPECIAL TAHSILDAR(LA), POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD., CHEVARAMBALAM, KOZHIKODE-673 017.BY ADVS.
SRI.P.C. HARIDAS PULICKAL CHANDRASEKHARA PILLAI
SRI.SURESH V.S.(K/000350/1992)
SMT.G.SHEEBA, GP
THIS CIVIL REVISION PETITION HAVING COME UP FOR
ADMISSION ON 18.02.2025, ALONG WITH CONNECTED CASES, THE
COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
2025:KER:28971
CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. BABU
TUESDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2025 / 29TH MAGHA, 1946
CRP NO. 533 OF 2018
AGAINST THE COMMON ORDER DATED 16.12.2017 IN OP(ELE)
NO.12 OF 2012 AND OTHER CASES OF THE ADDITIONAL DISTRICT
COURT, NORTH PARAVUR
REVISION PETITIONER/PETITIONER:
RAJALAKSHMI, AGED 54 YEARS, W/O. ASHOKAN, KAPPILLIL HOUSE, PULLUVAZHI KARA, RAYAMANGALAM VILLAGE.
BY ADV
SRI.P.C.HARIDAS
RESPONDENTS/RESPONDENTS:
1 POWER GRID CORPORATION INDIA LTD., CONSTRUCTION AREA OFFICE, MAVELIPURAM COLONY, KAKKANAD, COCHIN - 682 030.2 SPECIAL TAHSILDAR (LA) POWER GRID CORPORATION INDIA LTD., CHEVARAMBALAM, KOZHIKKODE – 17.BY ADVS.
SMT.G SHEEBA,GP
SRI.MILLU DANDAPANI,SC
THIS CIVIL REVISION PETITION HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD
ON 18.02.2025, ALONG CONNECTED CASES, THE COURT ON THE SAME
DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
2025:KER:28971
CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. BABU
TUESDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2025 / 29TH MAGHA, 1946
CRP NO. 139 OF 2020
AGAINST THE ORDER DATED 11.03.2019 IN OP(ELE) NO.70
OF 2014 OF THE ADDITIONAL DISTRICT COURT, NORTH PARAVUR
REVISION PETITIONER/1ST RESPONDENT IN OP(ELECTRICTY)
70/2014:
POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD.,
CONSTRUCTION AREA OFFICE,
MAVELIPURAM COLONY,
KAKKANAD, KOCHI-682030,
REPRESENTED BY GEENRAL MANAGER
BY ADV
SRI.PRAVEEN K. JOY
RESPONDENTS/PETITIONERS/2ND RESPONDENT IN OP(ELECTRICITY)
70/2014:
1 AISHA UMMA,AGED 76 YEARS, W/O.MAITHEEN, PIRAMBILLYKUDY HOUSE, VENGOLA KARA, ARACKAPPADY VILLAGE, KUNNATHUNADU TALUK-6835542 SPECIAL TAHSILDAR(LA), POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD., CHEVARAMBALAM, KOZHIKODE-6730172025:KER:28971
CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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BY ADVS.
SRI.P.C.HARIDAS PULICKAL CHANDRASEKHARA PILLAI
SRI.SURESH V.S.(K/000350/1992)
SMT.G.SHEEBA, GP
THIS CIVIL REVISION PETITION HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD
ON 18.02.2025, ALONG WITH CONNECTED CASES, THE COURT ON THE
SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
2025:KER:28971
CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. BABU
TUESDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2025 / 29TH MAGHA, 1946
CRP NO. 426 OF 2019
AGAINST THE COMMON ORDER DATED 11.03.2019 IN OP(ELE)
NO.70 OF 2014 AND OTHER CASES OF THE ADDITIONAL DISTRICT -
II, NORTH PARAVUR
REVISION PETITIONER/PETITIONER:
AISHA UMMA,
AGED 70 YEARS,
W/O. MAITHEEN,
PIRAMBILLYKUDY HOUSE,
VENGOLA KARA, ARACKAPPADY VILLAGE,
KUNNATHUNADU TALUK.
BY ADV
SRI.P.C.HARIDAS
RESPONDENTS/RESPONDENTS:
1 POWER GRID CORPORATION INDIA LTD., CONSTRUCTION AREA OFFICE, MAVELIPURAM COLONY, KAKKANAD, COCHIN-682 030.2 SPECIAL TAHSILDAR (LA), POWER GRID CORPORATION INDIA LTD., CHEVARAMBALAM, KOZHIKKODE-17.CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
2025:KER:28971
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BY ADVS.
SRI.MILLU DANDAPANI
SMT.G.SHEEBA, GP
THIS CIVIL REVISION PETITION HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD
ON 18.02.2025, ALONG WITH CONNECTED CASES, THE COURT ON THE
SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
2025:KER:28971
CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. BABU
TUESDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2025 / 29TH MAGHA, 1946
CRP NO. 474 OF 2019
AGAINST THE COMMON ORDER DATED 05.03.2019 IN OP(ELE)
NO.126 OF 2015 OF THE ADDITIONAL DISTRICT COURT, NORTH
PARAVUR
REVISION PETITIONERS/PETITIONERS:
1 HAWAMMA,
AGED 66 YEARS,
W/O. KOCHUMUHAMMED, PIRAMBILLYKUDY,
VENGOLA KARA, ARACKAPPADY VILLAGE,
KUNNATHUNADU TALUK.
2 SUDHEER,
AGED 48 YEARS,
S/O. KOCHUMUHAMMED, PIRAMBILLYKUDY,
VENGOLA KARA, ARACKAPPADY VILLAGE,
KUNNATHUNADU TALUK.
3JASMI,
AGED 42 YEARS,
D/O. KOCHUMUHAMMED, PIRAMBILLYKUDY,
VENGOLA KARA, ARACKAPPADY VILLAGE,
KUNNATHUNADU TALUK.
4SHUKOOR,
AGED 41 YEARS,
S/O. KOCHUMUHAMMED, PIRAMBILLYKUDY,
VENGOLA KARA, ARACKAPPADY VILLAGE,
KUNNATHUNADU TALUK.
5 FATHIMA, AGED 40 YEARS,
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D/O. KOCHUMUHAMMED, PIRAMBILLYKUDY, VENGOLA KARA, ARACKAPPADY VILLAGE, KUNNATHUNADU TALUK.
6KADEEJA,
AGED 37 YEARS,
D/O. KOCHUMUHAMMED, PIRAMBILLYKUDY,
VENGOLA KARA, ARACKAPPADY VILLAGE,
KUNNATHUNADU TALUK.
BY ADV
SRI.P.C.HARIDAS
RESPONDENTS/RESPONDENTS:
1 POWER GRID CORPORATION INDIA LTD., NO.400 KV SUB STATION, PALLIKKARA, KIZHAKKAMBALAM VILLAGE, KUMARAPURAM P.O., KUNNATHUNADU TALUK, PIN - 683 356.2 SPECIAL TAHSILDAR (LA), POWER GRID CORPORATION INDIA LTD., CHEVARAMBALAM, KOZHIKKODE - 673 017.
BY ADVS.
SRI.MILLU DANDA PANI,SC
SMT.G.SHEEBA, GP
THIS CIVIL REVISION PETITION HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD
ON 18.02.2025, ALONG WITH CONNECTED CASES, THE COURT ON THE
SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
2025:KER:28971
CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. BABU
TUESDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2025 / 29TH MAGHA, 1946
CRP NO. 664 OF 2019
AGAINST THE ORDER DATED 16.12.2017 IN OP(ELE) NO.12
OF 2012 OF THE ADDITIONAL DISTRICT COURT, NORTH PARAVUR
PETITIONER/1ST RESPONDENT:
THE POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD.,
CONSTRUCTION AREA OFFICE,
MAVELIPURAM COLONY,
KAKKANAD,
COCHIN - 682030.
BY ADV
SRI.ROJO J.THURUTHIPARA
RESPONDENTS/PETITIONER AND RESPONDENT - 2:
1RAJALAKSHMI,
AGED 56 YEARS,
W/O. ASHOKAN, KAPPILLIL HOUSE,
PULLUVAZHI KARA,
RAYAMANGALAM VILLAGE,
KUNNATHUNAD TALUK,
PIN - 683545.
2SPECIAL THASILDHAR (LA),
POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD.,
CHEVARAMBALAM,
KOZHIKODE - 673017.
BY ADVS.
SRI.P.C.HARIDAS
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CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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SHRI.SURESH V.S.
SMT.G.SHEEBA, GP
THIS CIVIL REVISION PETITION HAVING COME UP FOR
ADMISSION ON 18.02.2025, ALONG WITH CONNECTED CASES, THE
COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
2025:KER:28971
CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. BABU
TUESDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2025 / 29TH MAGHA, 1946
CRP NO. 44 OF 2020
AGAINST THE COMMON ORDER DATED 16.12.2017 IN OP(ELE)
NO.11 OF 2012 OF THE ADDITIONAL DISTRICT COURT, NORTH
PARAVUR
PETITIONER/RESPONDENT:
M/S POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED,
CONSTRUCTION AREA OFFICE, KAKKANADU,
KOCHI-682030.
BY ADVS.
SMT.V.A.HARITHA
SRI.S.SREEKUMAR (SR.)(S-571)
RESPONDENTS/PETITIONER/2ND RESPONDENT:
1 V. VARGHESE, S/O. ULAHANNAN, AGED 65, KIZHAKKUMPARAMBIL HOUSE, PULLUVAZHI KARA, RAYAMANGALAM VILLAGE, REPRESENTED BY HIS POWER OF ATTORNEY HOLDER, PAUL K. JOHN, AGED 53, S/O. ULAHANNAN, KIZHAKKUMPARAMBIL HOUSE, PULLUVAZHI KARA, RAYAMANGALAM VILLAGE, PIN-683541.2 SPECIAL TAHSILDAR (L.A.), POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD., CHEVARAMBALAM, KOZHIKODE- 673017.2025:KER:28971
CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
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BY ADVS.
SRI.P.C.HARIDAS
SRI.SURESH V.S.
SMT.G.SHEEBA, GP
THIS CIVIL REVISION PETITION HAVING BEEN
FINALLY HEARD ON 18.02.2025, ALONG WITH CONNECTED
CASES, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE
FOLLOWING:
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K.BABU, J.
CRP Nos. 580, 533 of 2018, 426, 664, 474 of 2019 & 139, 44, 137 of 2020
Dated this the 18th day of Februrary, 2025
O R D E R
Common questions arise for consideration in all these Civil Revision Petitions. The Power Grid Corporation of India Limited drew 400 KV double circuit lines through the properties of the claimants. The respective claimants filed petitions under Sections 10 and 16 of the Telegraph Act read with Section 151 of the Indian Electricity Act, 1910 and Section 42 of the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 before the Additional District Court, North Paravur, claiming enhanced compensation under various heads. The Trial Court allowed those applications. The claimants approached this Court contending that the compensation awarded is meagre, whereas the Power Grid Corporation challenged the awards contending that the amount awarded is exorbitant.
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CRP Nos. 426 of 2019 and 139 of 2020
CRP No.474 of 2019 and 137 of 2020
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CRP No.580 of 2018 and 44 of 2020
CRP No.533 of 2018 and 664 of 2019
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Limited. The Trial Court granted a sum of Rs.11,59,100/- as compensation with interest at the rate of 8% from the date of cutting of trees till the date of realisation.
(a)The compensation for diminution in land value granted is too low, in view of the fact that the value of the entire properties is affected by way of drawing the line.
(b) The land value determined by the District Court is too low.
(c) The properties of the claimants are situated in prominent places in the locality with road access.
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CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
(d) The situs of the land was not considered while awarding compensation.
The land value fixed by the Trial Court for awarding compensation towards diminution in the land value is much higher than the fair value fixed by the Government. The claimants did not place any credible materials to establish the land value, and therefore, the Trial Court should have relied on the fair value fixed by the Government. The report of the Commissioner is not a valuable piece of evidence to enter into a conclusion regarding the land value. The Commissioner assessed the value of the properties long time after the lines were drawn. The claimants were sufficiently compensated even prior to the institution of the claim petitions. For fixation of the compensation towards cutting and removal of the trees, the Trial Court ignored the detailed valuation statement prepared by the Competent Authority at the time of cutting, but relied on the
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assessment made by the Commissioner which is not at all relevant. The Corporation has not acquired the properties. It has only drawn electric lines over the properties, by which the value of the properties is not substantially diminished.
KSEB v. Livisha , the Supreme Court held thus:-
“10. The situs of the land, the distance between the high voltage electricity line laid thereover, the extent of the line thereon as also the fact as to whether the high voltage line passes over a small track of land or through the middle of the land and other similar relevant factors in our opinion would be determinative. The value of the land would also be a relevant factor. The owner of the land furthermore, in a given situation may lose his substantive right to use the property for the purpose for which the same was meant to be used.”
the touchstone of the principles discussed above.
CRP Nos.426 of 2019 and 139 of 2020
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Trial Court prepared Ext.C1 report which has become part of evidence as per Order XXVI Rule 10 of the CPC. It has come out in evidence that the property abuts a Panchayat road. The claimant relied on Ext. A1 title deed dated 29.11.2007. Relying on Ext.C1 report and Ext.A1 title deed, the Trial Court fixed the market value as Rs.90,000/- per cent. When converted into cents the affected area is admittedly 26.9 cents. The Trial Court assessed the value towards diminution in the land value as Rs.24,21,000/-. The Court held that the claimant is entitled to half of the total value, which comes to Rs.12,10,500/-. The compensation for 8 plantains cut and removed was fixed by applying the following formula:
Therefore, the claimant was entitled to a total compensation of Rs.12,42,500/-. The Corporation had already paid Rs.25,263/- at the time of drawing the line. Therefore, the Court fixed the compensation as Rs.12,17,237/- with 6% interest from 04.07.2011 till the date of realisation.
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Considering the assessment of compensation on the touchstone of the principles discussed above, this Court is of the view that the order impugned in CRP Nos.426/2019 and 139/2020 is liable to be confirmed. The Civil Revision Petitions filed by the claimant and the Corporation lack merits and stand dismissed. The order dated 11.03.2019 in O.P.(Ele) No.70/2014 stands confirmed.
CRP No.474 of 2019 and 137 of 2020
197 X 17 X 8 X Rs.8 = Rs.2,14,336/-
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from a rubber tree was fixed at 13Kg per year. The price of rubber at the relevant time was Rs.200/- per Kg. The Court applied the following formula for assessing the compensation towards cutting and removal of the rubber trees:
100 X 13 Kg X Rs.200 X 8 = Rs.20,80,000/- [25% of the income deducted towards expenditure and fixed the compensation at Rs.15,60,000/-].
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Rs.19,20,000/- (100 X 12 X 200 X 8). The value of Jathipathri was assessed at Rs.21,12,000/- (100 X 3.3 X 800 X 8). Therefore, the total amount towards loss of nutmeg trees was assessed at Rs.40,32,000/-
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value was fixed at Rs.1,45,200/- (3.63 cents X 40,000). Therefore, the total compensation entitled to the claimants was assessed in the following manner:-
Value of trees cut and removed = Rs.59,33,056/-
Value of land = Rs.33,94,700/Total = Rs.93,27,756/-
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CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
order dated 05.03.2019 in O.P.(Ele) No.126/2015 stands confirmed.
CRP No.580 of 2018 and 44 of 2020
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Rs.8,44,800/- (44 X 12 X 200 X 8) and the value of Jathipathri at Rs.9,29,280/- (44 X 3.3 X 800 X 8). Thereby, the total income obtained from the nutmeg trees is assessed at Rs.17,74,080/-.
valuation arrived towards cutting and removal of 40 arecanut trees is as follows:-
110 X 8Kg X 8 X 40 = Rs.2,81,600/-
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area of the land injuriously affected is 26.15 Ares (64.59 cents). The value of total affected area is fixed as 64.59 X Rs.2,00,000/- which is equal to Rs.1,29,18,000/-. The District Court assessed 50% as deduction towards diminution of land value due to the drawing of electric line. Hence, the value of the land injuriously affected was assessed at Rs.64,59,000/-. The total compensation entitled to the claimant was assessed as follows:-
Value of trees cut and removed = Rs.27,39,136/-
Value of land injuriously affected = Rs.64,59,000/-
Total compensation = Rs.91,98,136/-
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CRP NO.580 OF 2018 & CONN. CASES
issued by the Supreme Court in Livisha’s case. I find no reason to interfere with the impugned order.
CRP Nos.580 of 2018 and 44 of 2020 lack merits and stand dismissed. The order dated 16.12.2017 in O.P.(Ele) No.11/2012 stands confirmed.
CRP No.533 of 2018 and 664 of 2019
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Relying on Ext.B16 fair value notification and Ext.C1(e) plan, the Court fixed the value of the property at the relevant time at Rs.60,000/- per cent. The value of the land injuriously affected was assessed at Rs.44,31,000/- (73.85 X 60,000) out of which 75% was deducted towards diminution of land value, and hence, the value of the land injuriously affected was assessed at Rs.11,07,750/-. The claimant was awarded a sum of Rs.1,09,148/- towards the value of trees cut and removed. The total compensation entitled to the claimant was assessed as follows:-
Value of trees cut and removed = Rs. 1,09,148/-
Value of land injuriously affected = Rs.11,07,750/-
Total compensation = Rs.12,16,898/-
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guidelines issued by the Supreme Court in Livisha’s case. I find no reason to interfere with the impugned order.
CRP Nos.533 of 2018 and 664 of 2019 filed by the claimant and the Corporation lack merits and stand dismissed. The order dated 16.12.2017 in O.P.(Ele) No.12/2012 stands confirmed.
Sd/-
K.BABU
JUDGE
VPK
2 issues framed by the court
Whether the compensation awarded by the trial court for land diminution and trees cut for drawing 400 KV lines was adequate or excessive.
What multiplier and valuation method applies to compensation for trees cut under the Telegraph Act/Electricity Act provisions.
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
KSEB v. LivishaRelied on¶9
(2007) 6 SCC 792 · Who else cites this
4 provisions across 4 enactments
Varghese
Rajalakshmi
Aisha Umma
Hawamma
Sudheer
Jasmi
K. Babu
As recorded by the court registry
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