joined, or to add any person as a party who ought to have been joined as plaintiff or defendant or whose presence may be necessary in order to enable the court to effectually and completely adjudicate upon and settle all questions involved in the suit. Under this provision, only two classes of persons may be added as parties to a suit: (i) necessary or (ii) proper party. A ‘necessary party’ is a person who ought to have been joined as a party and in whose absence no decree or order can be passed, while a ‘proper party’ is a person whose presence is necessary for complete and effectual adjudication of the questions involved in the suit. If a person is neither a necessary nor a proper party, he cannot be impleaded in a suit. At the same time, however, each and every person connected with the subject matter of the suit cannot be said to be a necessary or proper party. The power to add a party is general in nature and can be exercised upon an application by any party to the proceedings or by a stranger or by the court suo motu . Where a person applies to be made a party, the court ought to consider whether his/her presence is necessary for deciding the suit or for complete and effectual
