In short, forgery is the false making of any written instrument, for the purpose of fraud or deceit. Thus fraud is an essential ingredient of forgery. Under Secondly of Section 464, a person is said to make a false document or false electronic record if he, without lawful authority, dishonestly or fraudulently, by cancellation or otherwise alters a document or an electronic record in any material part thereof, after it has been made, executed or affixed with signature either by himself or by any other person, whether such person is living or dead at the time of such alteration. Therefore, the essential ingredient for making a false document is the intention to cause damage or injury to the public or to any person or for the purpose of any claim or title or for causing any person to part with property or to enter into any express or implied contract, with the intent to commit fraud or that fraud may be committed. The prosecution allegation is that accused 1 to 7, with the help of accused Nos.8 and 9, had altered the entries in the surrender kaichits by reducing the extent of land surrendered. As mentioned earlier, surrender kaichits are not legally valid documents to prove the factum of surrender. Moreover, even if the prosecution allegation is accepted in toto, at best, it can only be held that such alteration was made in order to support the petitioners' demand for return of the unsurrendered portion of land from the possession of the GCDA. In this regard it is to be noted that possession of the entire extent of land being with the GCDA, the claim for return of a portion
