Disposed

Smt Rukmini v. Sri.v.Manjunath

Karnataka HC11 Feb 2026CRL.A/163/2025

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Complainant's appeal under Section 378(4) CrPC against acquittal in a Section 138 NI Act cheque case. Following Celestium Financial, the court held the complainant is a victim entitled to appeal under the proviso to Section 372 CrPC and transferred the appeal to the Sessions Court.

What did the court decide?

Appeal transferred to the Principal District & Sessions Judge for disposal as an appeal under the proviso to Section 413 BNSS 2023; amendment of cause-title permitted.

Smt Rukmini Vs Sri.v.Manjunath — Cheque Dishonour | Karnataka HC (2026)

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NC: 2026:KHC:9754 CRL.A No. 163 of 2025

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HC-KAR

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU

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DATED THIS THE 11^TH DAY OF FEBRUARY, 2026

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BEFORE

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THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE G BASAVARAJA CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 163 OF 2025 (A)

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BETWEEN:

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SMT RUKMINI

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W/O. THIMMAIAH, AGED ABOUT 51 YEARS, RESIDING AT NO.2278/A, RUKMINI NILAYA, 2^ND CROSS, KALAHASTHINAGARA, T. DASARAHALLI, BENGALURU - 560 057

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…APPELLANT

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Digitally signed by SHARADAVANI B

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Location: High Court of Karnataka

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(BY SRI. GOVARDHAN D., ADVOCATE)

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AND:

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SRI.V.MANJUNATH, S/O. VENKATASWAMY, AGED ABOUT 36 YEARS, RESIDING AT NO.61, BEHIND ACHARYA COLLEGE, SASIVEGHATTA ROAD, MANJUNATHA NAGARA, BENGALURU - 560 090.

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…RESPONDENT

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THIS CRL.A IS FILED U/S 378(4) OF CR.P.C. BY THE ADVOCATE FOR THE APPELLANT/S PRAYING THAT THIS HONOURABLE COURT MAY BE PLEASED TO SET ASIDE THE JUDGEMENT AND ORDER DTD 24.07.2024 IN CC.NO.14636/2022 PASSED BY THE XX ACJM, BENGALURU,

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2 - NC: 2026:KHC:9754 CRL.A No. 163 of 2025

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HC-KAR

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HOLDING THAT THE RESPONDENT/ACCUSED IS GUILTY AND CONVICT THE RESPONDENT/ACCUSED FOR AN OFFENCE P/U/S 138 OF NI ACT, 1881.

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THIS APPEAL, COMING ON FOR ORDERS, THIS DAY, JUDGMENT WAS DELIVERED THEREIN AS UNDER:

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CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE G BASAVARAJA

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ORAL JUDGMENT

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This appeal is filed by the appellant/complainant being aggrieved by the judgment of acquittal dated 24.07.2024 passed in CC No.14636/2022 by the XX Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate at Bengaluru City (for short "the trial Court").

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The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of CELESTIUM FINANCIAL v. A GNANASEKARAN ETC. reported in 2025 SCC ONLINE SC 1320, at paragraph 10 of the judgment, has observed as under:

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" 10. As already noted, the proviso to Section 372 of CrPC was inserted in the statute book only with effect from 31.12.2009. The object and reason for such insertion must be realised and must be given its full effect to by a court. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we hold that the victim of an offence has the right to prefer an appeal under the proviso to Section 372 of

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3 - NC: 2026:KHC:9754 CRL.A No. 163 of 2025

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HC-KAR

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CrPC, irrespective of whether he is a complainant or not. Even if the victim of an offence is a complainant, he can still proceed under the proviso to Section 372 and need not advert to sub-section (4) of Section 378 of Cr.PC. "

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In the light of the Hon'ble Supreme Court's recent

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clarification of the legal position, it is now evident that the appellant, being the complainant under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, is also entitled to file an appeal against the judgment of acquittal passed by the trial Court before the Sessions Court, since he is considered to be a victim. If this Court were to proceed to hear and decide the appeal at this stage, it could deprive the parties of an available forum, i.e. this Court, for further challenge.

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Similar view has been taken by the High Court of Andhra Pradesh in CHARBEL INDIA V. STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH reported in 2025 SCC ONLINE AP 2815; by the High Court of Madhya Pradesh in MANORAMA KANKANE v. NARENDRA KUMAR SHUKLA rendered in Criminal Appeal No.5910 of 2025 decided on 03^rd July, 2025; and in the case of M/S. LATA KISAN SEWA KENDRA v. PRITAM SINGH reported in 2025 SCC ONLINE MP 4818; and in SMT. URMIT MADRAH v.

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4 - NC: 2026:KHC:9754 CRL.A No. 163 of 2025

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HC-KAR

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SAMARPAN JAIN rendered Criminal Appeal No. 11872 of 2022 decided on 21^st July, 2025; the decision of High Court of Chattisgarh in NEELAM SAHU v. NARADNAGWANSHI rendered in ACQA No. 340 of 2018 decided on 16^th July, 2025; and in SMT. KIRTI KURIAN v. AJAY SINGH rendered in ACQA No. 198 of 2019 decided on 16^th July, 2025; the judgment of this Court in the case of SIDAGONDAPPA v. SHAFI AHAMAD rendered in CRL.A. No. 20021/2018 decided on 31^st July, 2025 and in SRI T.H. LENKAPPA v. SRI SANJAY AND ANOTHER rendered in Criminal Appeal No.146 of 2015 decided on 23^rd July, 2025; the decision of High Court of Delhi in the case of D.K. ASSOCIATES v. SHANKAR AND ANOTHER rendered in Criminal Appeal No.694 of 2016 decided on 13^th November, 2025 and the decision rendered by the Co-ordinate Bench of this Court in the case of M/S. ANANYA ENTERPRISES v. SRI G.S. GOPALAKRISHNA rendered in Criminal Appeal No.100171 of 2016 decided on 24^th November, 2025. An overall assessment of the aforestated decisions reveals that the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of CELESTIUM FINANCIAL (supra) has been relied upon by this Court, as well as other High Courts across the country.

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NC: 2026:KHC:9754 CRL.A No. 163 of 2025

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HC-KAR

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Considering the above, it is deemed fit that the present appeal be transferred to the concerned appellate Court of Sessions and be considered as an appeal under the proviso to Section 413 of BNSS, 2023 (formerly Section 372 of Cr.PC) and numbered accordingly. Accordingly, I proceed to pass the following:

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O R D E R

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i. Registry is directed to transfer the entire record of the case, including the requisitioned copies of the trial court Records, to the concerned Principal District & Sessions Judge, who may assign it to the concerned Appellate Court having the jurisdiction and for which purpose, it would be listed before the Principal District & Sessions Judge;

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ii. The concerned transferee court is directed to issue Court notice to both the parties to appear before the concerned Court, and the concerned Court, thereafter, shall proceed with the case in accordance with law;

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iii. In case there are applications pending for condonation of delay or any other pending applications, the same also be transferred to

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NC: 2026:KHC:9754 CRL.A No. 163 of 2025

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HC-KAR

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be considered by the learned Judge of transferee Court, in accordance with law;

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iv. Considering the fact that the matter has been pending for considerable time, the Appellate Court is requested to make an endeavour to dispose of the matter as expeditiously as possible;

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v. The appellant is permitted to carry out necessary amendment in the cause-title and also the provisions thereof;

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vi. It is made clear that this Court has not made any observation as to the merits of the case and all rights and contentions of the parties are left open to be agitated before the Court concerned.

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In the light of the above observation and directions,

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appeal stands disposed of.

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Sd/-

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(G BASAVARAJA) JUDGE

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RJ/ List No.: 2 Sl No.: 21

Smt Rukmini v. Sri.v.Manjunath

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Smt Rukmini v. Sri.v.Manjunath

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