Sri Sendhil G Vs State of Karnataka

SMT. PADMAVATHI, WIFE OF LATE DILIP, AGED ABOUT 28 YEARS, RESIDING AT NO. 82, 5TH CROSS, SAINT THERASA COLLEGE, CHOOLANAYAKANAHALLI, R.T. NAGAR POST, BANGALORE-560 032.

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…RESPONDENTS

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(BY SMT. WAHEEDA M.M, HCGP FOR R-1;

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R-2 SERVED & UNREPRESENTED)

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THIS CRL.P IS FILED U/S 482 CR.PC (FILED U/S 528 BNSS) TO QUASH THE PROCEEDINGS OF C.C.NO.220/2023 FOR THE ALLEGED OFFENCES OF SECTIONS 384, 420, 342, 323, 504, 506 R/W 34 OF I.P.C. MARKED AS ANNEXURE-D PENDING ON THE FILE OF SENIOR CIVIL JUDGE AND PRINCIPAL JMFC AT K.G.F.

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THIS PETITION, COMING ON FOR ADMISSION, THIS DAY, ORDER WAS MADE THEREIN AS UNDER:

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NC: 2026:KHC:26177 CRL.P No. 11513 of 2024

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HC-KAR

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CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE M.NAGAPRASANNA

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ORAL ORDER

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The petitioners-accused Nos.1 to 4 are at the doors of this Court calling in question proceedings in C.C.No.220/2023 registered under Sections 384, 420, 342, 323, 504, 506 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code.

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Heard the learned Senior Counsel Sri.B.V.Shankara Narayana Rao appearing for the petitioners and Smt.Waheeda M.M., the learned HCGP representing the respondent-State and have perused the material on record.

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The complainant though served on 02.02.2025,

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remains unrepresented even as on date. Therefore, the aforesaid Senior Counsel for the petitioners and the learned HCGP are heard.

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Facts in brief, germane, are as follows:

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HC-KAR

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4.1. The complainant and the petitioners are members

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of the same family. They allegedly have a transaction between them to the tune of Rs.60,00,000/- which is said to have been transferred from the account of the complainant to the petitioners. The petitioners claim or aver in the petition that the said amount was transferred for the purpose of the clearance of the loan which they have in fact executed the said loan clearance process and the documents to that effect are appended to the petition. Long thereafter, a complaint comes to be registered by respondent No.2 contending that her cheques were stolen and forcibly signatures were taken on certain documents and the amount was transferred from her account to the account of the petitioners. Therefore, there has been cheating, assault and intimidation. Based on the said complaint, the crime comes to be registered in Crime No.39/2022. The police conduct investigation and file a charge sheet. The filing of the charge sheet is what has driven these petitioners to this Court in the subject petition.

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The learned Senior Counsel appearing for the petitioners would vehemently contend that the complainant

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HC-KAR

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who is a member of the same family has sought to develop an

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axe to grind against the petitioners for the reason of certain dispute within the family. The learned Senior Counsel further submits that the amount that was received from the hands of the complainant have all been disbursed towards the clearance of the loan that was taken for the purpose of clearance of the medical bills and therefore, submits that the crime registered for the purpose of recovery of money should not be permitted to be continued as a proceeding before the concerned Court.

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Per contra , the learned HCGP would vehemently refute the submission to contend that the amount is transferred from the hands of the complainant to the petitioners. Though they are members of the same family and there is a transaction between the members of the family, that would not mean that petitioners could escape trial. It is for the petitioners to come out clean in a full-blown trial, is the submission of learned HCGP.

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As observed hereinabove, the complainant though

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served on 02.02.2025, remains unrepresented even as on date.

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HC-KAR

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I have given my anxious consideration to

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submissions made by the respective learned counsel.

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The afore-narrated facts are a matter of record. The

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link in the chain of events and the dates are all what are narrated in the petition or the complaint. Since the entire issue has now triggered from the complaint, I deem it appropriate to notice the complaint. The complaint reads as follows.

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"ರವ��

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��ೕ� ಸ�-ಇ��ೆಕ��, �ಾಬ��ಸ��ೇ�ೆ ��ೕ� �ಾ�ೆ.

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ರವ�ಂದ

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"#ೕಮ% ಪ'ಾ(ವ% )ೋಂ +ೇ� ,�ೕವಯಸು� 27 ವಷ�, ವ34ಯ� �ೌಂಡ� ಜ8ಾಂಗ, ಗೃ;< )ೆಲಸ, >ಾಸ:-ನಂ-ನಂ.82, 5 8ೇ )ಾ#� ಸಂC ತ�ೇEಾ )ಾ+ೇಜು, F.ಐ. +ೇಔ�, Iೋಳ8ಾಯಕನಹLM, ಆ�.O ನಗರ ಅಂIೆ, QೆಂಗಳRರು-560032 V.ನಂ-9448576326.

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YಾನZ�ೆ

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ಈ ಮೂಲಕ ತಮ(�\ ದೂರು 3ೕಡುವ]'ೇ8ೆಂದ�ೆ, 8ಾನು ^ೕಲ_ಂಡ `aಾಸದ�\ ಗೃ;< )ೆಲಸ Yಾb)ೊಂbದುc, ನಮ( ಅಣeನ ಮ8ೆಯ�\ ಇರುfೆgೕ8ೆ. ನನ�ೆ ,8ಾಂಕ 19-02-2018 ರಂದು "#ೕ. ,�ೕ-.i j� ಪದ(8ಾಭ�, ವಯಸು� 28 ವಷ�, ವ34ಯ� �ೌಂಡ�, >ಾಸ-ನಂ.94, 05 8ೇ )ಾ#�, ಸುಮ% ನಗರ, �ಾಬಟ�ಸ��ೇ�ೆ, )ೆ.m.ಎo ರವ�ೊಂ,�ೆ

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HC-KAR

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ಸಂಪ#'ಾಯ ಬದp>ಾq ಮದು>ೆ ಆqದುc, ಮದು>ೆಯ ಎಲ\ ಖಚು�ನು4 ನಮ( ಅಣe8ೇ ಭ�Fರುfಾg�ೆ. ಮದು>ೆtಾದ 03 ವಷ�ದ+ೆ\ೕ ಅಂದ�ೆ ,8ಾಂಕ 15.05.2021 ರಂದು ನನ4 ಪ% ,�ೕ- ರವರು )ೋ`u-19 )ಾv+ೆvಂದ 3ಧನ�ಾqರುfಾg�ೆ. ನನ4 ಗಂಡ ಐ.F.ಐ.F.ಐ �#ೕxೆ�yಯz ಇನು��ೇ�� YಾbF, ಹಣ ಕO� . ನನ4 {ೆಸ��ೆ 8ಾ|3 Yಾbರುfಾg�ೆ.

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ನನ4 ಗಂಡ 3ಧನ�ಾದ ನಂತರ ನನ4 ಪ%ಯ }ಕ_ಪ8ಾದ Eೆಂ,z j� +ೇ� �ೋಂದEಾ•|, ವಯಸು� 48 ವಷ� ರವರ €ರುಕುಳ •ಾFgtಾq, ಕೂತರು 3ಂತರೂ 'ೈ;ಕ €ರುಕುಳ )ೊಡುವ]ದು •ಾFgtಾvತು. YಾನFಕ>ಾqಯೂ tಾ>ಾಗಲೂ ಅ>ಾಚZ ಶಬcಗLಂದ Qೈಯುfಾg, 3ೕನು ಸೂaೆ )ೆಲಸ Yಾಡು ಇನು4 ಮುಂ'ೆ, 3ನ�ೆ ಈ ಮ8ೆಯ�\ •ಾಗ ಇಲ\ ಎಂದು ನನ4ನು4 ಅ>ಾಚZ ಶಬcಗLಂದ 3ಂ,F, ಮ8ೆvಂದ {ೊರ�ೆ ನೂ€ರುfಾg�ೆ. ನನ4 ಗಂಡನ ಅm„ ಸ�ೋಜ ಮತುg ಪದ(8ಾ… ರವರು ನನ4ನು4 ಅ>ಾZಚZ ಶಬcಗLಂದ 3ಂ,ಸುವ]ದು, 334ಂದ ನನ4 ಮಗ ಸ%gದುc, 3ನ�ೆ ಅನ4 {ಾಕುವ]ದು ದಂಡ, 3ೕನು tಾರ ಹ%gರ Qೇ)ಾದರೂ {ೋq, ಹಣ fೆ�ೆದು)ೊಂಡು Qಾ ಎಂದು {ೇಳ†fಾg, }ತ# ;ಂEೆ 3ೕಡು%gದcರು. ,8ಾಂಕ 18.02.2022 ರಂದು 35,00,000/-00 (ಮೂವfೆ‰ದು ಲŠ ), ,8ಾಂಕ: 19.02.2022 ರಂದು 2469,480/-00 (ಇಪ~ತುg 8ಾಲು_ ಲŠ ಅರವfೊgಂಬತುg Eಾರದ 8ಾಲು_ ನೂರು ಎಂಬತುg) ಹಣ ನನ4 ಐ.F.ಐ.F.ಐ QಾZಂŒ •ಾfೆ/ ಸಂ•ೆZ 047801001985 ಬಂ,ರುತg'ೆ. ಈ `Iಾರವನು4 QಾZಂ€ನ YಾZ8ೇಜ� ನನ�ೆ {ೇLರುfಾg�ೆ. ,8ಾಂಕ 21.02.2022 ರಂದು QಾZಂ€3ಂದ ನನ�ೆ �ೕ� ಬಂ,'ೆ ಎಂದು 3ೕನು ಬಂದು ಸ; {ಾಕQೇಕು ಎಂದು ನನ4 }ಕ_ Yಾವ8ಾದ Eೆಂ,z ರವರು ನನ4ನು4 ಅ'ೇ ,ನ ಕ�ೆF)ೊಂಡರು. ಆದ�ೆ ನನ�ೆ ತುಂQಾ ಹುŽಾ�ಲ'ೇ ಆಸfೆ#�ೆ {ೋಗQೇ€ತುg. ಆದರೂ ನನ4ನು4 ಬಲವಂತ>ಾq Qೆಳ�ೆ• ಸುYಾರು 08.30 ಗಂ�ೆ�ೆ ಕ�ೆF)ೊಂಡು Eೆಂ,z ಮತುg ಅವರ ಪ%4 ^ೕನ)ಾ ರವರು ನನ4ನು4 ಅವರ ಮ8ೆಯ�\ ( >ಾಸ-ನಂ.94, 05 8ೇ )ಾ#�, ಸುಮ% ನಗರ, �ಾಬಟ�ಸ� �ೇ�ೆ, )ೆ.m.ಎ- ) ಕೂb {ಾ€, 01 IೆŒ�ೆ ಸ; {ಾಕಲು {ೇLದರು. ಇದ)ೆ_ 8ಾನು ಒಪ~,'ಾcಗ Eೆಂ,z & ಆತನ {ೆಂಡ% ^ೕನ)ಾ ರವರು ನನ�ೆ {ೊxೆದು, ಬxೆದು, mೕವ Qೆದ�)ೆ {ಾ€, 3ೕನು ಸ; {ಾಕ,ದc�ೆ, 3ನ4ನು4 Eಾvಸುವ]'ಾq {ೆದ�F, ಬಲವಂತ,ಂದ 01 IೆŒ�ೆ ಸ; {ಾ€F)ೊಂಡರು {ಾಗೂ ನ34ಂದ ಮfೆg 05 Qಾ\ಂŒ IೆŒ�ೆ ಸ; {ಾ€F)ೊಂಡರು. ನಂತರ ನನ4 ಐ.F.ಐ.F.ಐ QಾZಂ€ನ �ಾ�ಬುŒ, ಎ.O.ಎಂ )ಾಡ�ನು4 fೆ�ೆದು)ೊಂಡು, ಮfೆg 3ೕನು ಏ8ಾದರೂ ಹಣ )ೇLದ�ೆ, 3ನ4ನು4 & 3ಮ( ಅಣe8ಾದ >ೆಂಕ�ೇ“ ರವರನು4 mೕವ ಸ;ತ jಡುವ],ಲ\ ಎಂದು

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NC: 2026:KHC:26177 CRL.P No. 11513 of 2024

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HC-KAR

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Qೆದ�)ೆ {ಾ€ದರು. ನಂತರ ನನ4ನು4 ಮ8ೆvಂದ {ೊರ�ೆ {ಾ€ದರು. ಆ ಸಮಯ)ೆ_ ನಮ( ಅಣe >ೆಂಕ�ೇ“ ರವರು ಬಂದು ನನ4ನು4 ಕ�ೆದು)ೊಂಡು {ೋದರು. ಆದ�ೆ ಅ'ೇ ,ನ ಅಂದ�ೆ ,8ಾಂಕ 21.02.2022 ರಂದು ಈ�ಾಗ+ೇ Eೆಂ,z ರವರು ಪ'ಾ(ವ% ರವರ ಕxೆvಂದ ಸ; YಾbF)ೊಂbದc, ಪ'ಾ(ವ% ರವ��ೆ Eೇ�ದ IೆŒ ನಂ.853 ಮು•ಾಂತರ 60,00,000/-00 ( ಅರವತುg ಲŠ) ಹಣವನು4, Eೆಂ,z.m ರವರ QಾZಂŒ •ಾfೆ�ೆ ಹಣ ವ�ಾ�ವ�ೆ ಆqರುತg'ೆ. ಈ ಸಂಬಂದ Eೆಂ,z ರವರ ^ೕ+ೆ ದೂರು 3ೕಡಲು ,8ಾಂಕ 16.03.2022 ರಂದು �ಾಬಟ�ಸ8ೆ~ೕ�ೆ ��ೕ� �ಾ�ೆ�ೆ ಬರಲು. �ಾಬಟ��ೇ�ೆ ಮುಂQಾಗ ಬರು%g'ಾcಗ, ಆದ�ೆ Eೆಂ,z, ಅವರ fಾv ಸ�ೋಜ ನನ4 ”ಾವ ಪ#,ೕರವರು ಅಡ• ಬಂದು, �ಾ�ೆಯ�\ ದೂರು )ೊಡQೇb, 8ಾನು 334ಂದ 60,00,000/-00 ( ಅರವತುg ಲŠ) ಹಣ 3ಮ( •ಾfೆvಂದ ವ�ಾ�ವ�ೆ YಾbF)ೊಂbದುc ಸತZ. ಆದ�ೆ ಈಗ ಆ ಹಣದ�\ 3ನ�ೆ 15,00,000/-00 ( ಹ,8ೈದು ಲŠ ) ಹಣವನು4 ,8ಾಂಕ 22.03.2022 ರಂದು )ೊಡುfೆgೕ8ೆ ಎಂದು {ೇL, Eೆಂ,z ರವರು ಮುಚ–L)ೆಯನು4 ಮಂಜು8ಾಥಯZ, ಕುO�, �ೆ#ೕYಾ �ಾಮಮೂ%�, j.)ೆ ಸುಂದ�ೇ“ ಸಮŠಮದ�\ ಬ�ೆದು)ೊO�ದುc, ಸ�ೋಜಮ( ರವರು ಹಣ )ೊಡುವ]ದು ನನ4 ಜ>ಾQಾc� ಎಂದು {ೇL, ಅವರೂ ಸಹ ಸ; Yಾbರುfಾg�ೆ. ಆದc�ಂದ 8ಾನು, ನಮ( ಅಣe >ೆಂಕ�ೇಶ�.)ೆ {ಾಗೂ ಮ{ಾ�ಂಗಂ ರವರು ಈ ,ನ ,8ಾಂಕ 23.03.2022 ರಂದು ಮ'ಾZಹ4 ಸುYಾರು 03.00 ಗಂ�ೆ ಸಮಯದ�\ Eೆಂ,z ರವರ ಬL {ೋq, 1500,000/-00 ( ಹ,8ೈದು ಲŠ ) ಹಣವನು4 )ೇಳ+ಾq, 8ಾನು 3ಮ�ೆ tಾವ]'ೇ ಹಣವನು4 )ೊಡುವ],ಲ, 3ೕವ] ಏನೂ Qೇ)ಾದರೂ Yಾb)ೋ, •ಾFg Yಾತ8ಾbದ�ೆ 3ನ4ನು4 & 3ಮ( ಅಣeನನು4 )ೊ+ೆ Yಾbಸುfೆgೕ8ೆಂದು Qೆದ�)ೆ {ಾ€ರುfಾg8ೆ. ಆದc�ಂದ ನನ4 8ಾ|3 {ೆಸ�ನ�\ದc ನನ4 ಗಂಡನ ಇನು��ೇ�� ಹಣದ Vತg 60,00,000/-00 ( ಅರವತುg ಲŠ) ಹಣವನು4 ವಂ}F, ವ�ಾ�ವ�ೆ Yಾb)ೊಂಡು, ನನ4 ^ೕ+ೆ & ನಮ( ಅಣe ನ ^ೕ+ೆ )ೊ+ೆ Qೆದ�)ೆ {ಾಕು%gರುವ Eೆಂ,z.m, ಸ�ೋಜ, ^ೕನ)ಾ, ಪ#,ೕ- ರವರುಗಳ ರುದp )ಾನೂನು �ೕfಾZ ಕ#ಮ ಜರುqF, ನನ�ೆ EಾYಾmಕ 8ಾZಯ )ೊbಸQೇ)ೆಂದು {ಾಗೂ ನನಗೂ & ನಮ( ಅಣe3ಗೂ ರŠ�ೆ 3ೕಡQೇ)ಾq ಈ ಮೂಲಕ )ೇL)ೊಳ†Mfೆgೕ8ೆ. ಈ ದೂರನು4 ನಮ�ೆ ಪ�ಚಯರುವ �ೆ#ೕYಾ �ಾಮಮೂ%� ರವರ ಮು•ಾಂತರ �ೈ- YಾbFರುfೆgೕ8ೆ."

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The complaint becomes a crime in Crime No.39/2022. The police conduct investigation and file a charge sheet. Summary

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HC-KAR

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of the charge sheet as obtaining in column No.17 reads as

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follows:

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"17. )ೇFನ ಸಂ˜ಪg Eಾ�ಾಂಶ

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ಈ 'ೋŽಾ�ೋಪ�ೆ ಪತ# ಅಂಕಣ 14 ರ�, ಕಂಡ 'ೊ, Eಾ˜ 01 ರವ��ೆ, ಅಂಕಣ 12ರ�,, ಕಂಡ ಆ�ೋi 01 ರವರ ಅಣeನ ಮಗ8ಾದ ,�ೕ- ರವ�ೊಂ,�ೆ ,8ಾಂಕ 19.02.2018 ರಂದು ಮಧು>ೆtಾqರುfೆg, ,8ಾಂಕ: 15.05.2021 ರಂದು 'ೋ, Eಾ˜ 01 ರವರ ಗಂಡ ,�ೕ- ರವರು )ೋu-19 )ಾv+ೆvಂದ ಮೃತಪO�ರುfಾg�ೆ, ,�ೕ- ರವರು ಐ.F.ಐ.F.ಐ �#ೕxೆ3�ಯz ಇಮ(�ೇ�� YಾbF, ಹಣ ಕO�, 'ೊ.Eಾ˜ 01 ರವರ {ೆಸ��ೆ 8ಾ|3 YಾbFರುfಾg�ೆ, ,�o ರವರು 3ಧನ�ಾದ ನಂತರ ಅ-01 �ಂದ ಅ-04 ರವರು 'ೋ.Eಾ˜ 01 ರವ��ೆ 'ೈ;ಕ ಮತುg YಾನFಕ €ರುಕುಳ 3ೕb, ಅ>ಾಚZ ಶಬcಗLಂದ Qೈದು 3ೕನು ಸೂaೆ )ೆಲಸ Yಾಡು “334ಂದ ನನ4 ಮಗ ಸ%gದುc 3ನ�ೆ ಅನ4 {ಾಕುವ]ದು ದಂಡ, 3ೕನು tಾರ ಹ%#ರ Qೇ)ಾದರೂ {ೋq, ಹಣ fೆ�ೆದು)ೊಂಡು Qಾ ಎಂದು {ೇಳ†fಾg," }ತ# ;ಂEೆ 3ೕb, 3ನ�ೆ ಈ ಮ8ೆಯ�, •ಾಗ ಇಲ,, ಎಂತ ಮ8ೆvಂದ {ೊರ�ೆ {ಾ€ರುfಾg�ೆ. �#ೕxೆ3�ಯz ಇನು4�ೇ�� 3ಂದ ,8ಾಂಕ: 18.02.2022 ರಂದು 35,00,000/- (ಮೂವfೆ‰ದು ಲŠ ), ,8ಾಂಕ: 19.02.2022 ರಂದು 2469,480/-00 (ಇಪ~ತುg 8ಾಲು_ ಲŠ ಅರವfೊgಂಬತುg Eಾರದ 8ಾಲು_ ನೂರು ಎಂಬತುg) ಹಣ 'ೊ.Eಾ˜ 01 ರವರ ಐ.F.ಐ.F.ಐ QಾZಂŒ •ಾfೆ ಸಂ•ೆZ 047401001985 �ೆ ಬಂ,ರುವ]'ಾq ಈ `Iಾರವನು4 QಾZಂ€ನ YಾZ8ೇಜ� ರವರು 'ೊ.Eಾ˜ 01 ರವ��ೆ %LFರುfಾg�ೆ. ನಂತರ ,8ಾಂಕ:21.02.2022 ರಂದು QಾZಂ€3ಂದ 'ೊ.Eಾ˜ 01 �ೕ� ಬಂ,'ೆ ಎಂದು ಆ 01 ರವರು 'ೋEಾ - 01 ರವರನು4 ತಮ( ಮ8ೆ�ೆ ಬರYಾb)ೊಂಡು Qೆಳ�ೆ•, ಸುYಾರು 08-30 ಗಂ�ೆ�ೆ ಕ�ೆF)ೊಂಡು ಅ-01 �ಂದ ಆ 04 ರವರು 'ೋ.Eಾ˜ 01 ರವರನು4 ಮ8ೆಯ� ಕೂb {ಾ€, 01 IೆŒ �ೆ ಸ; {ಾಕಲು {ೇLದುc, 'ೋ,Eಾ-01 ರವರು ಒಪ~,'ಾcಗ ಆ�ೋiಗಳ† 'ೋ.Eಾ-01 ರ ರವರನು4 {ೊxೆದು mೕವQೆದ�)ೆ {ಾ€, 3ೕನು ಸ; {ಾಕ,ದc�ೆ 3ನ4ನು4 Eಾvಸುವ]'ಾq {ೆದ�F, ಬಲವಂತ,ಂದ 01 IೆŒ �ೆ ಸ; {ಾ€F)ೊಂಡು ನಂತರ QಾZಂŒ �ೆ 3ೕಡಲು 02 )ಾZನ�+ೇಷ� IೆŒ ಗL�ೆ ಸ; {ಾ€F)ೊಂbರುfಾg�ೆ,

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'ೋ,Eಾ˜ 01 ರವರ ತನ4 ಗಂಡನ ಮರಣ ನಂತರ ತನ�ೆ ಬರQೇ)ಾqದc 60,00,000/- ರೂ (ಅರವತುg ಲŠ) ಇನೂ��ೆ�� ಹಣವನು4 ತನ4 {ೆಸ�ನ�,, ಅ)ೌಂ� ಓಪ� Yಾb �ಾ#ನ�›� Yಾbಸುವ]'ಾq {ೇL ಆ-01 �ಂದ 04 ರವರು, 'ೋ.Eಾ-01 ರವ��ೆ VೕಸYಾb

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ಮ8ೆಯ�\ ಕೂb{ಾ€ ಸ;Yಾb)ೊಂಡು )ೈಗLಂದ {ೊxೆದು ಅ>ಾಚZ ಶಬcಗLಂದ Qೈದು 'ೋ,Eಾ 01 & 02 ರವ��ೆ �ಾ#ಣ Qೆದ�)ೆ {ಾ€ದcಲ'ೇ 'ೋ.Eಾ-01 ರವ��ೆ ಕೃ%ಯನು4ಂಟು Yಾಡುವ ಉ'ೆcೕಶ,ಂದ )ೆಲವ] QಾZಂŒ 'ಾಖ+ಾ%ಗಳ�\ ಸ; {ಾ€F)ೊಂಡು VೕಸYಾbರುವ]ದು ತ3•ೆvಂದ ದೃಡಪO�ರುತg'ೆ. ಆದc�ಂದ ಆ�ೋiಗಳ `ರುದp 'ೋŽಾ�ೋಪ�ೆ ಪತ#."

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If the complaint and the summary of the charge sheet are read in tandem, what would unmistakably emerge is the criminal law is set into motion for the purpose of recovery of money, notwithstanding the fact that the money is said to have been utilised by the petitioners for the purpose of the payment of medical bills for which loan had been raised by the complainant herself. In that light, permitting further proceedings against these petitioners which has been instituted for the purpose of recovery of money, would become an abuse of the process of the law. It becomes apposite to refer to the judgment of the Apex Court in the case of LALIT CHATURVEDI vs. STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH reported in 2024 SCC OnLine SC 171, wherein it is held as follows:

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“…. …. ….

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5. This Court, in a number of judgments, has pointed out the clear distinction between a civil wrong in the form of breach of contract, non-payment of money or disregard to and violation of the contractual terms; and a

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criminal offence under Sections 420 and 406IPC . Repeated judgments of this Court, however, are somehow overlooked, and are not being applied and enforced. We will be referring to these judgments. The impugned judgment [ Lalit Chaturvedi v. State of U.P. , 2023 SCC OnLine All 2945] dismisses the application filed by the appellants under Section 482CrPC on the ground of delay/laches and also the factum that the chargesheet had been filed on 12-12-2019. This ground and reason is also not valid.

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6. In Mohd. Ibrahim v. State of

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Bihar [ Mohd. Ibrahim v. State of Bihar , (2009) 8 SCC 751 : (2009) 3 SCC (Cri) 929] , this Court had referred to Section 420IPC, to observe that in order to constitute an offence under the said section, the following ingredients are to be satisfied: (SCC pp. 757-58, paras 18-19)

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“18. Let us now examine whether the ingredients of an offence of cheating are made out. The essential ingredients of the offence of “cheating” are as follows:

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( i ) deception of a person either by making a false or misleading representation or by dishonest concealment or by any other act or omission;

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( ii ) fraudulent or dishonest inducement of that person to either deliver any property or to consent to the retention thereof by any person or to intentionally induce that person so deceived to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived; and

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( iii ) such act or omission causing or is likely to cause damage or harm to

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that person in body, mind, reputation or property.

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19 . To constitute an offence under Section 420, there should not only be cheating, but as a consequence of such cheating, the accused should have dishonestly induced the person deceived:

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( i ) to deliver any property to any person, or

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( ii ) to make, alter or destroy wholly or in part a valuable security (or anything signed or sealed and which is capable of being converted into a valuable security).”

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7. Similar elucidation by this Court in V.Y. Jose v. State of Gujarat [ V.Y. Jose v. State of Gujarat , (2009) 3 SCC 78 : (2009) 1 SCC (Cri) 996] , explicitly states that a contractual dispute or breach of contract per se should not lead to initiation of a criminal proceeding. The ingredient of “cheating”, as defined under Section 415IPC, is existence of a fraudulent or dishonest intention of making initial promise or representation thereof, from the very beginning of the formation of contract. Further, in the absence of the averments made in the complaint petition wherefrom the ingredients of the offence can be found out, the High Court should not hesitate to exercise its jurisdiction under Section 482CrPC. Section 482CrPC saves the inherent power of the High Court, as it serves a salutary purpose viz. a person should not undergo harassment of litigation for a number of years, when no criminal offence is made out. It is one thing to say that a case has been made out for trial and criminal proceedings should not be quashed, but

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another thing to say that a person must undergo a criminal trial despite the fact that no offence has been made out in the complaint . This Court in V.Y. Jose [ V.Y. Jose v. State of Gujarat , (2009) 3 SCC 78 : (2009) 1 SCC (Cri) 996] placed reliance on several earlier decisions in Hira Lal Hari Lal Bhagwati v. CBI [ Hira Lal Hari Lal Bhagwati v. CBI , (2003) 5 SCC 257 : 2003 SCC (Cri) 1121 : (2003) 262 ITR 466] , Indian Oil Corpn. v. NEPC India Ltd. [ Indian Oil Corpn. v. NEPC India Ltd. , (2006) 6 SCC 736 : (2006) 3 SCC (Cri) 188] , Vir Prakash Sharma v. Anil Kumar Agarwal [ Vir Prakash Sharma v. Anil Kumar Agarwal , (2007) 7 SCC 373 : (2007) 3 SCC (Cri) 370] and All Cargo Movers (India) (P) Ltd. v. Dhanesh Badarmal Jain [ All Cargo Movers (India) (P) Ltd. v. Dhanesh Badarmal Jain , (2007) 14 SCC 776 : (2009) 1 SCC (Cri) 947] .

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8. Having gone through the complaint, which was registered as an FIR and the assertions made therein, it is quite clear that Respondent 2 complainant Sanjay Garg's grievance is regarding failure of the appellants to pay the outstanding amount, in spite of Respondent 2 complainant Sanjay Garg's repeated demands. Respondent 2 complainant Sanjay Garg states that the supplies were made between the period 1-12-2015 and 6-8-2017. The appellants had made the payments from time to time of Rs 3,76,40,553 leaving a balance of Rs 1,92,91,358.

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9. We will assume that the assertions made in the complaint are correct, but even then, a criminal offence under Section 420 read with Section 415IPC is not established in the absence of deception by making false and misleading representation, dishonest concealment or any other act or omission, or inducement of the complainant to deliver any

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property at the time of the contract(s) being entered. The ingredients to allege the offence are neither stated nor can be inferred from the averments. A prayer is made to the police for recovery of money from the appellants. The police is to investigate the allegations which discloses a criminal act. Police does not have the power and authority to recover money or act as a civil court for recovery of money.

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10. The charge-sheet also refers to Section 406IPC, but without pointing out how the ingredients of the said section are satisfied. No details and particulars are mentioned. There are decisions which hold that the same act or transaction cannot result in an offence of cheating and criminal breach of trust simultaneously. [ Wolfgang Reim v. State , (2012) 173 Comp Cas 86 : 2012 SCC OnLine Del 3341; Mahindra and Mahindra Financial Services Ltd. v. Delta Classic (P) Ltd. , (2009) 151 Comp Cas 661 : 2009 SCC OnLine Gau 105 : (2011) 6 Gau LR 604; Mukesh Sharma v. State of H.P. , 2024 SCC OnLine HP 426] For the offence of cheating, dishonest intention must exist at the inception of the transaction, whereas, in case of criminal breach of trust there must exist a relationship between the parties whereby one party entrusts another with the property as per law, albeit dishonest intention comes later.

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11. In this case entrustment is missing, in fact it is not even alleged. It is a case of sale of goods. The charge-sheet does refer to Section 506IPC relying upon the averments in the complaint. However, no details and particulars are given, when and on which date and place the threats were given. Without the said details and particulars, it is apparent to us, that these allegations of threats, etc. have been made only with an intent to activate police machinery for recovery of money.

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12. It is for Respondent 2 complainant Sanjay Garg to file a civil suit. Initiation of the criminal process for oblique purposes, is bad in law and amounts to abuse of process of law .”

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(Emphasis supplied)

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The Apex Court holds that setting the Criminal law

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into motion for the purpose of recovery of money should not be permitted to be continued which have to be interdicted or obliterated by the courts exercising jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C. In that light, permitting further proceedings against the petitioners which is ostensibly instituted for the purpose of recovery of money would become an abuse of the process of the law and result in miscarriage of justice.

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12. For the aforesaid reasons, the following:

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O R D E R

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