Dowry death, cruelty and abetment of suicide allegations were held unproved. The High Court rejected the State's appeal and confirmed the acquittal, finding no perversity, absurdity or illegality warranting interference.
This page shows the compact analysis of this judgement. The full analysis — procedural history, issue-by-issue holdings with ratio and obiter, advocates, and paragraph-level evidence for every claim — is being added to the record in batches and will appear here when this judgement has been through it.
R
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
DATED THIS THE 14TH DAY OF NOVEMBER, 2022
PRESENT
THE HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE K.SOMASHEKAR
AND
THE HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE C.M.JOSHI
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.1091/2016
BETWEEN :
STATE OF KARNATAKA BY CHIKKAMAGALURU RURAL POLICE STATION, REPRESENTED BY SPP HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA BANGALORE. ...APPELLANT
(BY SRI. ABHIJIT K.S., HCGP)
AND:
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…RESPONDENTS
(BY SRI. P.P. HEGDE, SENIOR COUNSEL FOR SRI. VENKATESH SOMAREDDI, ADVOCATE FOR R1, R2 AND R4;
VIDE ORDER DATED 15.07.2021, APPEAL AGAINST R3 ABATED)
THIS CRIMINAL APPEAL IS FILED UNDER SECTION 378(1) & (3) OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, PRAYING TO GRANT LEAVE TO APPEAL AGAINST THE JUDGMENT AND ORDER OF ACQUITTAL DATED 13.01.2016 PASSED BY THE I-ADDL. S.J., CHIKKAMAGALURU IN S.C.NO.19/2014 THEREBY ACQUITTING THE RESPONDENTS/ACCUSED FOR THE OFFENCE P/U/S 498A, 304B, 306 R/W 34 OF IPC AND SEC. 3, 4 OF D.P. ACT AND ETC.,
THIS CRIMINAL APPEAL COMING ON FOR DICTATING JUDGMENT THIS DAY, K.SOMASHEKAR J., DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:-
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J U D G M E N T
This appeal is directed against the judgment of acquittal rendered by the Court of the I Additional Sessions Judge, Chikkamagaluru, in S.C.No.19/2014 dated 13.01.2016 acquitting the accused of the offences punishable under sections 498-A, 306, 304-B read with section 34 of IPC, 1860 and under sections 3 and 4 of Dowry Prohibition Act. Whereas in this appeal, the appellant/State is seeking intervention of this Court to consider the grounds urged in the appeal and consequently, set aside the acquittal judgment rendered by the trial Court and convict the respondents/accused for the offences alleged against them.
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Perused the impugned judgment of acquittal rendered by the trial Court in S.C.No.19/2014 dated 13.01.2016.
It has transpired in the case of the prosecution that, accused No.1 is the husband of Smt.Pushpa @ Pushpalatha. Her marriage was performed with accused No.1 on 12.02.2009 as per the customs prevailing in their society. Accused Nos.2 to 4 being the mother, father and sister’s daughter of accused No.1 respectively, in furtherance of their common intention, since sometime after the marriage, were subjecting Smt. Pushpa @ Pushpalatha to cruelty by harassing her and also ill-treating her physically and mentally, as it likely to drive her to commit suicide. In furtherance of their common intention and in the course of the same transaction, received cash of Rs.35,000/- and gold ornaments weighing 35 grams in all as dowry from the parents of the deceased. Despite receiving dowry in terms of cash and gold items from the parents of the deceased, the accused had extended physical as well as mental harassment, driving the deceased to commit suicide.
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4. It further reveals that accused Nos.1 to 4, in
furtherance of their common intention and in the course of the same transaction, demanded cash from the parents of the accused and were subjecting her to cruelty by harassing and ill-treating her physically and mentally to meet their demand for dowry. On 30.9.2013 at about 11.30 a.m., Smt. Pushpa @ Pushapalatha, wife of accused No.1 committed suicide by hanging herself by using the veil to an iron rod in the bathroom of her matrimonial house at Housing Board, Chikkamagaluru. It has further transpired that immediately prior thereto accused Nos.1 to 4, in furtherance of their common intention to eliminate the deceased Pushpa @ Pushpalatha, had subjected her to cruelty and harassment which drove her to commit suicide and thereby they had abetted her to commit suicide and were responsible for her death.
on filing of the complaint by the complainant, criminal law was set into motion by recording F.I.R. as per Ex.P18 for the
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offences stated supra. Subsequent to registration of the crime and also setting the criminal law into motion, the I.O. has conducted the investigation thoroughly and during investigation recorded the statement of the witnesses, conducted spot mahazar at.P3 and also got prepared from PW.12 – Tahsildar the inquest mahazar at Ex.P8 over the dead body of the deceased in the presence of the elderly persons and so also secured the post-mortem report – Ex.P15 from the Doctor who had conducted autopsy over the dead body and so also secured other materials in compliance with section 173(2) Cr.P.C. and thereafter laid the charge sheet against the accused before the committal court. Subsequent to filing of the charge sheet by the Investigating Officer, the case was committed by the trial Court by passing an order as contemplated under section 209 of Cr.P.C., and committed the case to the Court of Sessions for trial. Subsequent to committing the case to the Court of Sessions for trial and whereby the case in S.C.No.19/2014 has been registered and the accused have been secured for facing trial. The accused having engaged the services of a counsel,
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the trial Court heard the learned Public Prosecutor for the State and the defence counsel for the accused relating to framing of charges and whereby found that there are prima facie materials and accordingly, charges were framed against the accused for the offences under sections 498-A, 306, 304B read with 34 of IPC, 1860 and under sections 3 and 4 of Dowry Prohibition Act. The charges were read over to the accused in the language known to them and the accused pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried. Plea of the accused was recorded separately. Subsequently, the prosecution has let in evidence by subjecting PW.1 to PW.20 to examination and got marked the documents at Exs.P1 to P23 and so also got marked M.Os.1 to 7. Exs.D1 to D15 and Ex.D1(a) were also marked.
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in by them as contemplated under section 233 of Cr.P.C. Accordingly it was recorded.
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She says that when she saw her daughter’s dead body, it was 2.00 p.m. and the police had come to the scene of crime. Further she has stated in her evidence that the police did not enquire her about the incident relating to the death of her daughter.
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all the evidence which find place on the part of the prosecution.
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had subscribed in a chit of Rs.2,00,000/- conducted by one Kasthuramma. These are all the evidence let in on the part of the prosecution. PW.4 has specifically stated that he has not enquired her daughter as to why accused No.1 was not coming to their house. He further states that they have not enquired with the deceased when she came to his house one year after the marriage stating that the accused persons are harassing her, both physically as well as mentally by demanding her to fulfill their demand for dowry from her parents’ house.
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Rs.15,000/- and admits in his evidence that he is deposing before the court for the first time about the accused persons asking the deceased to die. These are all the evidence that have been let in on the part of the prosecution. PW.4 further states that accused No.4 is no other than the daughter of the sister of the accused No.1 and granddaughter of accused Nos.2 and 3. Accused No.4 was studying in A.V.T. Engineering College, Karthikere. He states that he does not know that on 29.9.2013 accused No.4 had been to Davanagere. He says that his daughter was under depression over trivial matters namely family dispute perhaps raised in between her and her husband while accused No.4 was living in the house of her grandparents who are arrayed as accused Nos.2 and 3.
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after she came of age. He does not know from where 35 grams of gold jewelry was brought by the parents of the deceased for performing the marriage of the deceased with accused No.1.
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any statement to the police to the effect that because of the harassment extended by the accused persons to the deceased demanding her to bring dowry from her parents’ house, she committed suicide.
has been secured in respect of spot panchanama at Ex.P3 and inquest mahazar at Ex.P8. Even PW.2 and PW.3 are said to have acted as panch witnesses relating to the spot panchanama. Inquest mahazar at Ex.P8 has been conducted by PW.12 – Tahsildar. Merely because they have stood for the contents of Ex.P3 – spot panchanama and Ex.P8 – inquest mahazar and their evidence has been closely scrutinized by the trial Court keeping in view the arguments advanced by the learned Public Prosecutor and so also learned defence counsel which is in respect of incisive crossexamination.
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arrested accused No.1 and produced him before the Investigating Officer – PW.17.
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such kind of statements before him during the course of investigation.
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Housing Board Colony, Chikkamagaluru. Accused No.4 is the resident of Karthikere village as per the charge sheet laid by the Investigating Officer. PW.1 is the mother of the deceased and PW.4 is the father of the deceased. The parents of deceased had no financial potentiality to buy the Mangalya chain and a ring. Even if it is believed that the parents of the deceased paid Rs.10,000/- as dowry after the marriage, they had agreed to pay the same in few installments, this aspect also shows that the parents of the deceased are financially weak. The prosecution has not produced any documentary evidence indicating the payment of cash and gold as dowry before the marriage. No documents are produced to show that Panchayaths were held in Bolarameshwara temple and I.B., Chikkamagaluru.
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decision which is stated in para No.47 is not applicable to the present case on hand. This was also an observation made by the trial Court. On contrary, the defence counsel has facilitated nine citations which are indicated in para No.54. Even all these citations on the part of the prosecution and so also on the part of the defence counsel was gone through by the trial Court and the trial Court has arrived at a conclusion that there is no dispute about the fact that accused No.2 is the mother-in-law of the deceased and also is a member of Swa-Sahaya-Sangha. Further there is no dispute about the fact that accused No.4, who is the daughter of sister of accused No.1 and granddaughter of accused Nos.2 and 3, was an engineering student. These are all the observations made by the trial Court, but the trial Court has arrived at a conclusion that the prosecution has failed to prove the guilt against the accused persons by facilitating the worthwhile evidence and the ingredients of all the offences alleged against the accused are not proved by the prosecution. In view of the above, the trial Court has arrived at a conclusion by recording the reasons and has
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rendered the acquittal judgment for the offences under sections 498-A, 306, 304-B read with section 34 of IPC, 1860 and under sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. It is this judgment which is challenged in this appeal by urging various grounds.
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improper and therefore, it requires in this appeal to revisit the impugned judgment rendered by the trial Court and also re-appreciate the evidence such as evidence of PW.1 and PW.4 and so also PW.6 who are the parents and brother of the deceased, and PW.7 to PW.9 who are the relatives of the deceased and they have supported the case of the prosecution relating to the death of the deceased and whereby the deceased was meted out physical and mental harassment in the hands of accused No.1, who is her husband and also in the hands of accused No.2 and 3, who are her in-laws and their granddaughter accused No.4. Despite substantial evidence has been facilitated by the prosecution, the trial Court did not appreciate the evidence in proper perspective and has erroneously came to the conclusion that the prosecution did not facilitate worthwhile evidence in securing conviction. On all these premises, learned HCGP for the State vehemently contended that the impugned judgment of acquittal requires intervention, if not intervened with the impugned judgment of acquittal, certainly there would be miscarriage of justice. On this
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premise, learned HCGP for the State seeks for consideration of the grounds as urged in the appeal seeking for setting aside the judgment of acquittal in S.C.No.19/2014 dated 13.01.2016 and consequent upon setting aside the same, seeking conviction of the accused for the offences under sections 498-A, 304-B, 306 read with section 34 of IPC, 1860 and sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act.
P.P.Hegde for respondents / accused Nos.1, 2 and 4 has stated that the family of the deceased consisted the members namely the deceased inclusive of her husband, who is arrayed as accused No.1 and so also her parents-in-law namely accused Nos.2 and 3, inclusive of daughter of her sister-in-law namely accused No.4. Subsequent to her marriage with accused No.1, she was blessed with a male child. But allegation is that the deceased was subjected to cruelty, both physically and mentally, at the hands of her husband who is arrayed as accused No.1 and so also her parents-in-law namely accused Nos.2 and 3, inclusive of daughter of her sister-in-law namely accused No.4, which
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drove her to commit suicide. Learned Senior Counsel submits that no written documents or materials were facilitated by the prosecution relating to accused receiving cash of Rs.35,000/- and gold jewelry worth 35 gms., in terms of dowry during her marriage with accused No.1 and further insisting her to bring additional dowry from her parents, but her parents failed to pay the same. But there is no worthwhile evidence in that regard.
and also being the author of the complaint at Ex.P1, in her cross-examination has specifically stated in her evidence that she has two children namely Vasantharaj Urs and Pushpa who is no other than the wife of accused No.1 and her marriage was performed with accused No.1 about five years back. Subsequent to her marriage with accused No.1, she was blessed with a son who is aged about four years. Accused Nos.1 and 2 were sending their daughter-in-law to her parents’ house demanding to bring additional cash in terms of dowry. PW.1 and also her husband PW.4 were doing coolie to eke out their livelihood, and accused No.1,
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who is no other than the son-in-law of PW.1 and PW.4, was not coming to their house,. But there is no specific evidence let in by the prosecution relating to the accused quarrelling with the deceased whereby she has committed suicide by hanging on 30.09.2013 at about 11.30 a.m. at her matrimonial house. Soon after getting information, PW.1 and PW.4 and also their relatives went to the house of accused persons and found the dead body of Pushpa @ Pushpalatha which was hanging in the bathroom. PW.1 has specifically stated and also admitted in her evidence that Ex.D1 to Ex.D15 are the photographs which pertain to the house of accused No.1 and one CD pertaining to Ex.D1 to Ex.D15 was also marked at Ex.D1(a). PW.1 has also admitted that after giving the complaint, the dead body was brought to the hospital on 30.09.2013 at around 3.30 p.m. – 4.00 p.m.
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according to the custom prevailed, the elders decided that they should give 35 grams of gold jewelry and Rs.35,000/cash, but no photographs were taken when they paid the amount and the gold ornaments during the course of marriage of his daughter with accused No.1. That the entire evidence even at a cursory glance even the evidence of PW.2 and PW.3 in respect of spot mahazar at Ex.P3 and inquest mahazar at Ex.P8 conducted by the Investigating Officer in the presence of panch witness PW.3, but the evidence does not find corroboration with the evidence of PW.13 being the Doctor who conducted autopsy over the dead body and also verified the dead body during autopsy and conducted the post-mortem examination. But in the cross-examination, PW.13 has stated that she cannot say that the death was due to suicide. PW.18 conducted part of the investigation, collected the mangalya chain, a pair of ear stud, a pair of silver leg chain, a pair of silver toe ring from the hospital and produced them before the Investigating Officer and the same were seized by drawing seizure mahazar at Ex.P9 in the presence of panch witnesses. But PW.1 being the
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complainant and also the author of the complaint at Ex.P1 even extracted the contents of the complaint, even in the earlier part of the complaint what is absolutely nonmentioning of payment of dowry in terms of cash at the time of marriage of the deceased with accused No.1 and even subsequent to her marriage, as stated by the witnesses on the part of the prosecution namely PW.1 and PW.4 who are the parents and PW.2 and PW.3 being the panch witnesses in respect of spot mahazar – Ex.P3. PW.20 being the Investigating Officer who laid the charge sheet against the accused and even conducted the spot mahazar, he stood for cross-examination.
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that since the parents of the deceased had no financial capacity to bring even mangalya chain for their daughter, accused had brought mangalya as per the customs at the time of marriage of the deceased with accused No.1. The parents of the deceased are living in a rented house. Therefore their potentiality or financial stability to provide dowry in terms of cash of Rs.35,000/- and 35 gms. of gold jewelry are found to be camouflaged.
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which led her to commit suicide. Even the ingredients of section 304-B of IPC, 1860 relating to causing of dowry death within seven years from the date of marriage, even though prosecution has let in evidence, but prosecution has failed to adduce worthwhile evidence in terms of oral and documentary evidence showing that the deceased was meted out physical and mental harassment in the hands of her husband – accused No.1 and also through her parents-inlaw namely accused Nos.2 and 3 inclusive of accused No.4 who is no other than the daughter of sister of accused No.1. The prosecution has failed to show the evidence regarding harassment and cruelty soon before the death of the deceased.
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brought out in the evidence of the witnesses have been brought to the notice of the Investigating Officer –PW.20 which clearly indicate that witnesses have given crude version before the Court and the same has been observed by the trial Court. The prosecution has not proved the fact that soon before her death, the deceased Pushpa @ Pushpalatha was subjected to physical as well as mental harassment meted out at the hands of the accused persons.
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Senior Counsel for respondents / accused Nos.1, 2 and 4 has sought for dismissal of this appeal being devoid of merits.
(i) In S.Anil Kumar v. State of Karnataka1 , the
Hon’ble Supreme Court while referring to presumption under sections 113-A and 113-B of Evidence Act, 1872, has held that,
“Once the prosecution failed to prove the basic ingredients of harassment or demand for dowry and the evidence brought on record was doubted by the trial Court, it was not open to the High Court to interfere with judgment of acquittal by trial court in a routine manner – Evidence Act, 1872 – Ss. 113-B 113A – Crimes Against Women and Children –m Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, Ss, 3 and 4 – Criminal Procedure Code, 1973,S.378
B. Evidence Act, 1872 - Ss. 113-B and 113-A – Presumptions under – When invocable – Held, where
1 (2013) 7 SCC 219
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basic ingredients of harassment or demand for dowry are not made out, presumption under Ss. 113-B/113A that accused is guilty cannot be drawn – Criminal Trial – Prof – Presumptions.”
(ii) The Hon’ble Supreme Court in Sher Singh v. State
of Haryana2 , has observed, in para 9, that, the words “soon before her death” there must be a live link between the cruelty emanating from a dowry demand and the death of a young married woman, as is sought to be indicated by the words "soon before her death", to bring Section 304B into operation; the live link will obviously be broken if the said cruelty does not persist in proximity to the untimely and abnormal death. It cannot be confined in terms of time.
(iii) In Shindo Alias Sawinder Kaur and Another v.
State of Punjab3 , the Hon’ble Supreme Court dealt with section 113-B of the Evidence Act, 1872. The relevant portion reads as under: (para 9)
“9. We also notice that the High Court was dealing with an appeal against acquittal. Undoubtedly in a case of a dowry death under
2 (2015) 3 SCC 421
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Section 304-B, a presumption of Sec.113-B does arise against the accused. However, the presumption is relatable to the fact that the prosecution must first spell out the ingredients of the offence and then only can a presumption arise. In the present case we find that the death was an unnatural one and had taken place within seven years of the marriage but the third ingredient that any demand for dowry had been made soon before the death has not been proved. In this view of the matter the presumption under Section. 113-B of the evidence cannot be raised.
(iv) While dealing with sections 304-B and 498-A of
IPC, 1860, the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Bhola
Ram v. State of Punjab4 , in para 25, held as follows:
25. Merely making a demand for dowry is not enough to bring about a conviction under Section 304-B of the IPC. As held in Kans Raj a dowry death victim should also have been treated with cruelty or harassed for dowry either by her husband or a relative. In this case, even assuming the silent or conniving participation of Bhola Ram in the demands for dowry, there is absolutely no evidence on record to suggest that he actively or passively treated Janki Devi with cruelty or harassed her in
3 (2011) 11 SCC 517
(2013) 16 SCC 421
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connection with, or for, dowry. The High Court has, unfortunately, not adverted to this ingredient of an offence punishable under Section 304-B of the IPC or even considered it.”
(v) The law is well settled that unless the prosecution proves the ingredients of Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code. The presumption under Section 113B of the evidence Act would not come into play. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in
Baijnath And Others v. State of Madhya Pradesh5 , in para 29, has observed as follows:
“(29) Noticeably this presumption as well is founded on the proof of cruelty or harassment of the woman dead for or in connection with any demand for dowry by the person charged with the offence. The presumption as to dowry death thus would get activated only upon the proof of the fact that the deceased lady had been subjected to cruelty or harassment for or in connection with any demand for dowry by the accused and that too in the reasonable contiguity of death. Such a proof is thus the legislatively mandated prerequisite to invoke the otherwise statutorily ordained presumption of
5 (2017) 1 SCC 101
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commission of the offence of dowry death by the person charged therewith.”
of State of Rajasthan v. Teg Bahadur And Others6 , in similar facts and circumstances of involving the offences under Sections 498-A and 304-B of IPC were pleased to make interpretation regarding the expression used in the said sections “soon before” and it is worthwhile to extract paragraph 18 as below :-
“18. Our attention was drawn to Section 113B of the Evidence Act and Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code by the learned counsel appearing for the accused. A conjoint reading of Section 113B of the Indian Evidence Act and Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code shows that there must be material to show that soon before her death the victim was subjected to cruelty or harassment. The prosecution has to rule out the possibility of a natural or accidental death so as to bring it within the purview of "death occurring otherwise than in normal circumstances." For the above proposition, learned counsel appearing for the accused, cited the judgment of this Court in the case of
6 (2004) 13 SCC 300
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Hira Lal & Ors. vs. State (Govt.of NCT), Delhi. In that case this Court observed thus:
"The expression "soon before" is very relevant where Section 113B of the Evidence Act and Section 304B IPC are pressed into service. The prosecution is obliged to show that soon before the occurrence there was cruelty or harassment and only in that case presumption operates. Evidence in that regard has to be led by the prosecution. "Soon before" is a relative term and it would depend upon the circumstances of each case and no straitjacket formula can be laid down as to what would constitute a period of soon before the occurrence. It would be hazardous to indicate any fixed period, and that brings in the importance of a proximity test both for the proof of an offence of dowry death as well as for raising a presumption under Section 113B of the Evidence Act. The expression "soon before her death" used in the substantive Section 304B IPC and Section 113B of the Evidence Act is present with the idea of proximity test. No definite period has been indicated and the expression "soon before" is not defined. A reference to the expression "soon before" used in Section 114
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Illustration (a) of the Evidence Act is relevant. It lays down that a Court may presume that a man who is in the possession of goods "soon after the theft, is either the thief or has received the goods knowing them to be stolen, unless he can account for their
for their
possession". The determination of the period which can come within the term "soon before" is left to be determined by the Courts, depending upon facts and circumstances of each case. Suffice, however, to indicate that the expression "soon before" would normally imply that the interval should not be much between the cruelty or harassment concerned and the death in question. There must be existence of a proximate and live link between the effect of cruelty based on dowry demand and the death concerned. If the alleged incident of cruelty is remote in time and has become stale enough not to disturb the mental equilibrium of the woman concerned, it would be of no consequence."
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(vii) The relevant portion of the judgment of the
Hon’ble Supreme Court, in para 24, in the case of Mangat
Ram v. State of Haryana7 , reads thus:
“24. We find it difficult to comprehend the reasoning of the High Court that “no prudent man is to commit suicide unless abetted to do so.” A woman may attempt to commit suicide due to various reasons, such as, depression, financial difficulties, disappointment in love, tired of domestic worries, acute or chronic ailments and so on and need not be due to abetment. The reasoning of the High Court that no prudent man will commit suicide unless abetted to do so by someone else, is a perverse reasoning.”
(viii) The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Girish
Singh v. State of Uttarakhand8 , has observed, in para 27,
thus:
“27. We have referred to the entire evidence. The Trial court acquitted the accused. The jurisdiction of the Appellant Court, when it deals with such an order, is no longer res integra and is subject matter of catena of decisions of this Court”.
7 (2014) 12 SCC 595
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learned HCGP for the State and also counter arguments of the learned Senior Counsel Shri P.P.Hegde for respondents / accused Nos.1, 2 and 4 are considered. PW.1 – Kamalamma, who is no other than the mother of the deceased and she being the author of the complaint at Ex.P1 and based upon her complaint, criminal law was set into motion by recording F.I.R. as per Ex.P18. But the substances in the FIR and the contents in the complaint at Ex.P1 run contrary to each other. PW.4 – Manjunatha Urs, who is no other than the father of the deceased and PW.6 – Vasanthraj Urs being the brother of the deceased and they were also subjected to examination and also stood for cross-examination, and they are the prime witnesses and also material witnesses who deposed against the accused insofar as offence under section 498-A of IPC relating to physical as well as mental harassment meted out to the deceased in the hands of the accused No.1 who is the husband and accused Nos.2 and 3 who are the parents-in-law. PW.13 – Doctor who conducted autopsy over the dead body, but PW.12 being the responsible
8 2019 SCC Online SC 897
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Tahsildar who prepared the inquest mahazar in the presence of the panch witnesses. PW.17 being the Investigating Officer conducted a part of the investigation. PW.18 has been deputed for taking the dead body of the deceased for post-mortem examination to be done by the Doctor. PW.20 being the Investigating Officer who completed the investigation and laid charge sheet against the accused persons. PW.2 - panch witness being secured to conduct spot mahazar as per Ex.P3. PW.11 is the neighbour. These witnesses have turned around. The version of contents of Ex.P3 and also the statement which was recorded by the Investigating Officer during the course of investigation and filing of charge sheet against the accused persons.
in respect of what are the essential ingredients that must be satisfied and also to be produced by the prosecution to prove the guilt. Firstly the death of a woman must have been caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than under normal circumstances and secondly, such death must have occurred within seven years of her marriage, and
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thirdly, soon before her death, she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry. To prove ingredient of to section 304-B of IPC, 1860 relating to soon before her death, the woman must have been subjected to cruelty or even physical or mental harassment by her husband or his relative, but no evidence is forthcoming on the part of the prosecution to prove the guilt against the accused persons. In the case on hand, there is no dispute about the death of the deceased has occurred within seven years from the date of marriage. But there is no evidence forthcoming on the part of the prosecution to prove the guilt against the accused persons in securing conviction.
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upon the circumstantial evidence even soon before her death which is the very ingredient of section 304-B of IPC, 1860 and section 306 of IPC, 1860 relating to commitment of suicide. Every aspect is based upon the materials facilitated by the prosecution. But it is relevant to refer to the judgment in Ram Niwas v. State of Haryana in Crl.A.No.25/2012, whereas in this judgment, the Hon’ble Supreme Court has referred to the judgment of Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra9 . In this judgment in para No.152, Hon’ble Supreme Court has made observation that,
“Before discussing the cases relied upon by the High Court we would like to cite a few decisions on the nature, character and essential proof required in a criminal case which rests on circumstantial evidence alone. The most fundamental and basic decision of this Court is Hanumant v. State of Madhya Pradesh reported in AIR 1952 SC 343. This case has been uniformly followed and applied by this Court in a large number of later decisions up to date, for instance, the cases of Tufail (Alias) Simmi v. State of Uttar Pradesh reported in (1969) 3 SCC 198 and Ramgopal v. State of Maharashtra reported in AIR
9 (1984) 4 SCC 116
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1972 SC 656. It may be useful to extract what Mahajan, J. has laid down in Hanumant case reported in AIR 1952 SC 343:
“It is well to remember that in cases where the evidence is of a circumstantial nature, the circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should in the first instance be fully established, and all the facts so established should be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused. Again, the circumstances should be of a conclusive nature and tendency and they should be such as to exclude every hypothesis but the one proposed to be proved. In other words, there must be a chain of evidence so far complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for a conclusion consistent with the innocence of the accused and it must be such as to show that within all human probability the act must have been done by the accused.”
In the same judgment, in para No.153, it is observed
as follows:
153. A close analysis of this decision would show that the following conditions must be fulfilled before a case
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against an accused can be said to be fully established:
(1) the circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should be fully established.
It may be noted here that this Court indicated that the circumstances concerned “must or should” and not “may be” established. There is not only a grammatical but a legal distinction between “may be proved” and “must be or should be proved” as was held by this Court in Shivaji Sahabrao Bobade v. State of Maharashtra reported in (1973) 2 SCC 793, where the observations were made:
Certainly, it is a primary principle that the accused must be and not merely may be guilty before a court can convict and the mental distance between ‘may be’ and ‘must be’ is long and divides vague conjectures from sure conclusions.
(2) the facts so established should be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused, that is to say, they should not be explainable on any other hypothesis except that the accused is guilty,
(3) the circumstances should be of a conclusive nature and tendency,
(4) they should exclude every possible hypothesis except the one to be proved, and
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(5) there must be a chain of evidence so complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for the conclusion consistent with the innocence of the accused and must show that in all human probability the act must have been done by the accused.
154. These five golden principles, if we may say so, constitute the panchsheel of the proof of a case based on circumstantial evidence.”
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no matter how strong it is. Accused to be presumed innocent unless proved otherwise beyond reasonable doubt.
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grandparents, it cannot be said that she was also a party for the death of deceased Pushpa @ Pushpalatha who meted out physical as well as mental harassment to the deceased who was undergoing depression and due to that depression, she has committed suicide by hanging with means of veil to a iron rod in the bathroom of her matrimonial house. On carefully going through the evidence of the prosecution and on close scrutiny of the ingredients of each count of offences under section 498-A of IPC, 1860 relating to physical and mental harassment, under section 306 of IPC, 1860 relating to abetment of suicide and even section 304-B of IPC, 1860 relating to causing the death of the deceased within a span of seven years from the date of the marriage, even though the prosecution has let in evidence by subjecting to examination all witnesses which are stated supra, the prosecution has failed to prove the guilt against the accused that the accused alone had abetted for causing the death of the deceased who committed suicide, as narrated in the theory of the prosecution.
46
ORDER
(i) The appeal filed by the appellant / State under section 378(1) and (3) of Cr.P.C., is hereby rejected.
47
(ii) Consequently, the judgment of acquittal rendered by the trial Court in S.C.No.19/2014 dated 13.01.2016 is hereby confirmed.
Sd/JUDGE
Sd/JUDGE
Bss.
2 issues framed by the court
Did the prosecution establish dowry-related cruelty soon before death and the alleged offences of cruelty, dowry death and abetment of suicide?
Did the acquittal disclose perversity, absurdity or illegality warranting appellate interference?
Colour shows how this judgement treated each authority
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6 provisions across 3 enactments
STATE OF KARNATAKA BY CHIKKAMAGALURU RURAL POLICE STATION
PRASHANTH @ PRASHANTHA RAJ URS
KAMALAMMA
JAVARAJA URS
KAVYA
K.SOMASHEKHAR
C.M.JOSHI
As recorded by the court registry
Judgements on the same questions, provisions and authorities, from every court
