Disposed¶32

Anarashi Rai v. the State of Jharkhand

Jharkhand HC2 Apr 2026Acq. App.(C)/21/2022

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

acquittal appeal; victim; leave to appeal; Section 378(4) Cr.P.C.; proviso to Section 372 CrPC; Section 2(d) CrPC; Article 115(b) Limitation Act 1963; Mallikarjun Kodagali (2019) 2 SCC 752; Bhavuben Dineshbhai; Sections 467/468/34 IPC; Complaint Case No.213 of 2016; Judicial Magistrate 1st Class Ramgarh; judgment dated 10.06.2022; I.A. No.7699 of 2022; disposed with liberty to seek remedy; Anarasi Rai; State of Jharkhand; Rajesh Kumar, J.; High Court of Jharkhand, Ranchi; 2026.

What did the court decide?

Acquittal appeal disposed of with liberty to the appellant to work out his remedy in accordance with law; I.A. No.7699 of 2022 likewise disposed of. ¶32

Anarashi Rai Vs the State of Jharkhand — Jharkhand HC (2026) — LawSathi Research

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2026:JHHC:9305

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI Acq. Appeal (C) No.21 of 2022

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Anarasi Rai Son of Late Jagdish Rai, Aged about 76 Years, Resident of Dusadh Mohalla, Ramgarh, P.O & P.S. - Ramgarh, Dist: Ramgarh (Jharkhand). …… Appellant

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Versus

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The State of Jharkhand

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Manoj Kumar Son of Chhathi Lal Ray, Aged about 45 years.

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Chhathilal Rai, Son of Jagdish Rai, Aged about 75 years.

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Fooljhari Devi, wife of Chhathilal Rai Aged about 70 Years. Resident of respondents no.2 to 4 - Dusadh Mohalla, Ramgarh, P.O & P.S. - Ramgarh, Dist: Ramgarh (Jharkhand) …... Respondents

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CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE RAJESH KUMAR

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For the Appellant : Mr. Prabhash Kumar, Advocate Mr. Manish Sharma, Advocate For the State : Mrs. Priya Shrestha, Spl.P.P For the Respondents : Mr. Santosh Kr. Soni, Advocate --------

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06/Dated: 02nd April, 2026

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1. Heard learned counsel for the parties.

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2. The present acquittal appeal has been filed against the judgment dated 10.06.2022, passed in Complaint Case No.213 of 2016 by the learned Judicial Magistrate 1^st Class, Ramgarh, whereby and whereunder the learned trial court has acquitted the respondent Nos.2 to 4 for the charges under Sections 467/ 468/ 34 of the Indian Penal Code.

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3. An interlocutory application being I.A. No.7699 of 2022 has been filed seeking leave to appeal against the judgment of acquittal in terms of Section 378(4) of the Cr.P.C.

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4. In view of judgment of the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Mallikarjun Kodagali (Dead) represented through Legal Representatives Vs. The State of Karnataka & Ors. , reported in (2019) 2 SCC 752, no leave to appeal is required to the victim .

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Paragraph Nos.34, 35 & 76 of the said judgment are

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relevant which are quoted herein-below :-

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“34. On the third question, the Full Bench noted

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2026:JHHC:9305

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that if the victim restricts the appeal to the grievance to inadequacy of the compensation or punishment for a lesser offence, it does not become an appeal against acquittal but the appeal is really directed against “any other sentence or order not being an order of acquittal” within the meaning of Article 115(b) of the Limitation Act, 1963 and thus, no question of taking special leave arises. The Full Bench took the view that for the purposes of Section 378(4) CrPC a victim who is not a complainant will not come within the purview of that section and would not be required to take recourse to the provision of special leave as provided therein. It was held : (Bhavuben Dineshbhai case, SCC OnLine Guj para 33)

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“33. Therefore, in the case before us, the legislature while conferring the right of appeal upon the victim, who is not a complainant, not having imposed any condition of taking leave or special leave, we cannot infer such condition and impose the same upon the victim, although, the legislature was quite conscious of existence of such provision in case of an appeal by a complainant and has retained that provision without consequential amendment thereby making its intention clear that the provision of special leave is not applicable to an appeal preferred by a victim against acquittal if he is not the complainant.”

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The third question was then answered in the following words : (SCC OnLine Guj para 36

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“36. … If the victim also happens to be the complainant and the appeal is against acquittal, he is required to take leave as provided in Section 378 of the Criminal Procedure Code but if he is not the complainant, he is not required to apply for or obtain any leave. For the appeal against inadequacy of compensation or punishment on a lesser offence, no leave is necessary at the instance of a victim, whether he is the complainant or not.”

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35. In our opinion, the Gujarat High Court made an artificial and unnecessary distinction between a victim as a victim and a victim as a complainant in respect of filing an appeal against an order of acquittal. The proviso to Section 372 CrPC does not introduce or incorporate any such distinction.

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…

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76. As far as the question of the grant of special leave is concerned, once again we need not be overwhelmed by submissions made at the Bar. The language of the proviso to Section 372 CrPC is quite clear, particularly when it is contrasted with the language of Section 378(4) CrPC. The text of this provision is quite clear and it is confined to an order of acquittal passed in a case instituted upon a complaint. The word ‘complaint’ has been defined in Section 2(d) CrPC and refers to any allegation made

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2026:JHHC:9305

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orally or in writing to a Magistrate. This has nothing to do with the lodging or the registration of an FIR, and therefore it is not at all necessary to consider the effect of a victim being the complainant as far as the proviso to Section 372 Cr.PC is concerned.” .”

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5. Thus, in the present case the so called appellant is the victim and as such no leave to appeal is required. Further, the judgment of acquittal has been passed by the Judicial Magistrate, 1^st Class, Ramgarh and as such the appeal will lie before the court below itself.

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6. In that view of the matter, the present acquittal appeal is, hereby, disposed of giving liberty to the appellant to work out his remedy in accordance with law.

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7. I.A. No.7699 of 2022 stands disposed of.

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(Rajesh Kumar, J.)

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02^nd April, 2026 Ravi-Chandan/Uploaded on 06.04.2026

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Acq. Appeal (C). No.21 of 2022

Anarashi Rai v. the State of Jharkhand

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Anarashi Rai v. the State of Jharkhand

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Why is it important?

What the court decided

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