Allowed

Hdfc Bank v. M/s Lusy Enterprises and Others

DRT7 Dec 2023OA/472/2022

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

Debts Recovery Tribunal, Patna allowed HDFC Bank's application for recovery of dues totaling Rs. 46,29,655.81 from respondents including a proprietorship firm and guarantors. The court found the claim genuine based on documentary evidence submitted by the bank manager and allowed recovery including future interest.

What did the court decide?

Recovery of Rs. 46,29,655.81 with interest at 18% p.a. compounded monthly from 26.08.2022 till realization against defendants jointly and severally.

Hdfc Bank versus M/s Lusy Enterprises and Others — Banking and Recovery | DRT (2023)

¶1

OA 472 of 2022IJl

¶2

I)RT. PATNA

¶3

Debts Recovery Tribunal, Patna

¶4

Karpuri Thakur Sadan, Aashiana Digha Road Patna-80002S

¶5

Presiding offlcer : Shri Kaushalendl.a Yadav

¶6

OA Case No. 472 of 2022

¶7

HDFC Bank Limited, branch at Bimla Sadan, Holding No. 801/432, Ward No.37, Exhibition road, Patna 800 001

¶8

•...... Applicant

¶9

V S.

¶10

M/s Lusy Enterprises, a proprietorship concern, through its proprietor Md. Manzoor Alam, having its Unit/shop- at Hazi Market, P.O. & P.S.Dagarua, District- Punia, Pin Code- 854326, Bihar, Opposite- Old Gramin Bank

¶11

Md. Manzoor Alam ¢roprietor/Guarantor/Mortgagor), Son of Late Idris, residing at Town/Village/Gram- Matwaili, Ward No. 10, Panchayat-Mahthour, P.O. & P.S.-Dagarua, District-Pumia, Pin Code854326, Bihar.

¶12

Also at:- Town/Village/Gram- Hazi Market, P.O. & P.S.- Dagarua, District-Pumia, Pin Code- 854326, Bihar, Opposite- Old Gramin Bank

¶13

Mohammad Naziruddin (Guarantor/Mortgagor), son of Md. Idrish, residing at Town/Village/Gram- Matwaili, Ward No. 10, PanchayatMahthour, P.O. & P.S.- Dagarua, District- Pumia, Pin Code- 854326, Bihar.

¶14

Idrish (Guarantor/Mortgagor) son of Samshul, residing at Town/Village/Gram- Matwaili, Mahthour, Gulabbagh, District- Pumia, Pin Code- 854326, Bihar.

¶15

Md. Israil (Guarantor/Mortgagor), Son of Haji Samshul Haque, residing at Town/Village/Gram-Matwaili, Ward No. 10, Panchayat-Mahthour, P.O. & P.S.-Dagarua, District-Pumia, Pin Code- 854326, Bihar.

¶16

....... Defendants

¶17

Present:

¶18

For the Applicant : Shri Bhola Shankar, Advocate For the Defendants : None

¶19

Dated: 07.12.2023

¶20

JUDGMENT

¶21

1- The Applicant bank has made this application u/s 19 of the Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993 (here-in-after referred to as Act) on

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OA 472 of 2022TJl

DRT. PATNA

26.08.2022 against the defendants to recover its debts from defendants of Rs.46,29,655.81 as on 31.03.2022 along with pendente-1ite and future interest at the contractual rate from 01.04.2022 with costs till realization.

¶26

The application has been duly registered and numbered as above.

¶27

3- The brief facts of the case of the applicant bank as stated in the application areas under-

¶28

The applicant bank is a company incorporated under the Companies Act 1956 and registered under Banking Regulation Act, 1949, which is competent to file a suit.

¶29

Defendant no.1 is a proprietorship concern, defendant no.2 is the proprietor of defendant no.I firm and Defendant no.2,3,4 & 5 are also the guarantors as well as mortgagors of the loan facilities availed by the defendant no.1 firm.

¶30

Defendant no.2 approached the applicant bank for sanction of Cash Credit facility vide loan application dated 21.01.2019 and at the request of the defendant the applicant ballk sanctioned Cash Credit facility of Rs.40 Lakh vide sanction letter dated 06.02.2019 at the rate of interest 10.50/o p.a. on various terms and conditions which were duly accepted by the defendants.

¶31

To secure the loan facility the defendants executed relevant loan and security documents including the guarantee agreement and also hypothecated the movables in favour of the applicant bank by executing the hypothecation agreement.

¶32

In order to further secure the loan facility the defendant no.2, 3, 4 & 5 had created equitable mortgage over their properties by depositing the documents and title deeds on 11.02.2019 and a`1so executed relevant documents, details whereof have been given in Schedule-A of the Original Application.

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OA 472 of 2022[Jl

DRT. PATNA

Defendants again approached the applicant bank for additional fund WCTL facility under the Guaranteed Emergency Credit Line (GECL) scheme and by way of GECL the applicant bank sanctioned Term Loan for Working Capital to the tune of Rs.8.10 Lakh vide sanction letter dated 11.06.2020. To secure the said loan facility the defendants executed relevant loan and security documents including the continuing guarantee.

¶37

The defendants again approached the applicant for renewal of cash credit facility and as such by way of renewal sanction letter dated 26.06.2020, the applicant father renewed the cash credit facility to the tune of Rs.40 Lakh and Term Loan G'ECL facility to the tune of Rs.8.10 Lakh.

¶38

The defendants again approached the applicant for renewal of cash credit facility and as such by way of renewal sanction letter dated 20.03.2021, the applicant fiuther renewed the cash credit facility to the tune of Rs.40 Lakh and Term Loan GECL facility to the tune of Rs.8.10 Lakh.

¶39

After availing the sanctioned credit facilities defendants became irregular in repayment of their dues as per agreed terms and failed to adhere to the financial norms of the bank and avoiding the repayment of its dues to the bank, in spite of several assurances given by it to the applicant bank resulting in the account tuning as NPA on 31.03.2022. Thereafter the applicant bank has issued recall cum demand notice on 01.06.2022. The total liability in the loan account is Rs.46,29,655.81 with pendent-lite and future interest contractual rate from 01.04.2022 till the realization.

¶40

Since, the defendants have failed and neglected in spite of several reminders to make payment of the dues recoverable to bank, hence this application has been filed by the bank.

¶41

4- This Tribunal issued summons/notices copies of application & paper book to the defendants by registered/speed post on 21.10.2022, requiring them to show-cause within 30 days of the service U/s 19 (4) of the Act & Rule of the

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OA 472 of 2022lJl

DRT. PATNA

DRT [Procedure] Rules, 1993. But the defendants have not appeared, hence, the Registry of this Tribunal has ordered to publish the notice in newspaper and subsequently, substituted service by publication of notice by way of advertisement in newspaper was also made against the defendants on 24.02.2023 in "Dainik Bhaskar" newspaper.

¶46

In response to the notice the defendant no.2 has appeared by filing vakalatnama on 28.04.2023 but has failed to file his written statement hence vide order dated 15.05.2023 right to file written statement by the defendant no.2 was closed and was granted time to file evidence, if any. Even the same has not been flled.

¶47

Despite the registered summons/notices and publication of notice in newspaper, the defendant no.I, 3, 4 & 5 have not appeared before this Tribunal to contest the case. The sufficient time has been given to the defendant no.I, 3, 4 & 5 to defend their case, but they failed to appear and to file WS, hence, the Tribunal has passed an order to proceed ex-parte against the defendants no.I, 3, 4 & 5 on 15.05.2023.

¶48

Record shows that at the time of final arguments ld. Counsel for the applicant bank was present but none was present for the defendant no.2. However, arguments of ld. Counsel for the applicant bank were heard and matter was reserved for judgment and an opportunity was granted to both the parties to file their written submissions, if any. But despite opportunity no written submissions has been filed by the parties.

¶49

5- To prove its case, the applicant Bank has referred various certified photocopies of documents before this Tribunal. The applicant bank has also given evidence on affidavit by way of affidavit by Shri Pappu Thakur, Manager of the applicant bank. The details of documents are as follows:

¶50

Sl.No	Description of	Date of	Amount	Signature of	Ex./
	Documents	Execution	(in Lakh)	Executants	Arm.
	Photocopies				No.
1	Loan application	21.01.2019		Def.no.1&2	1

¶51

. c;"~

¶52

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DRT. PATNA OA 472 of 2022lJl

¶54

2	Sanction letter	06.02.2019	40.00	Bank andacceptedbyclef.no.1&2	2
3	Master faci lityagreement	28.02.2019	40.00	Def.no.1&2	3
4	Deed of indemnity	28.02.2019	40.00	Def.no.2 to5	4
5	Power of Attorney	28.02.2019		Def.no.1 &2	5
6	Photocopy ofmortgagedocuments	-		-	6
7	Memorandum recording pasttransactionsofcreationofmortgagebydeliveryoftitledeeds	28.02.2019	40.00	Def.no.2 to 5	7
8	GECL sanction letter	11.06.2020	8.10	Bank andacceptedbyclef.no.1&2	8
9	Supplementary letter of continuingguarantee	12.06.2020	40.00 8.10	Def.no.2 to 5	9
10	Undertaking	12.06.2020	8.10	Def.no.1 &2	10
11	Supplemental deed of simple mortgage	12.06.2020	40.00 8.10	Def.no.2 to 5	11
12	Facility cum hypothecationagreement	12.06.2020	40.00 8,10	Def.no.I&2	12
13	Declaration-cur-undertaking	-		Def.no.1 &2	13
14	Renewal sanction letter	29.06.2020	40.00 8.10	Bank and accepted byDef.no.1&2	14
15	Renewal sanction letter	20.03.2021	40.00 8.10	Bank and accepted byDef.no.I&2	15
16	Recall cum demandnotice	01.06.2022		Bank' s adv.	16
17	Statement ofaccounts	-		Bank	17

¶55

6- Since none has appeared for the defendants hence arguments of leaned counsel for applicant bank were heard and perused the case record.

¶56

Ld. Counsel of applicant bank submitted that the defendants have taken the loan and utilized the same and also executed the various loan documents to secure the loan. Further, submitted that the claim of the bank has been proved by documentary evidence. All the transactions were entered in the ledger of the loan accounts in the name of the defendant duly maintained by the applicant

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OA 472 of 2022lJl

DRT. PATNA

bank in its usual course of business. The interest /compound interest has been charged at such rates, and capitalized at such periodical rests as are permitted by and do not run counter to the directives of Reserve Bank of India.

¶61

It is further submitted by ld. Counsel of applicant bank that there is no stay granted by any Higher Court, in respect of the proceedings of the present OA and requested to issue recovery certificate, as claimed for, in OA.

¶62

7- It has been established that defendants are living and carrying on their business in the state of Bihar. Cause of action also arose in the State of Bihar. The said claim on the date of filing of application exceeded Rs.20 lacs. The applicant bank is functioning within jurisdiction of this Tribunal. Therefore, this Tribunal has territorial as well as pecuniary jurisdiction to adjudicate upon the present application.

¶63

8- On the issue of Limitation, to prove it, the applicant bank has submitted that the applicant bank has declared the account as NPA on 31.03.2022, whereas the present application has been filed on 26.08.2022. Even, it is counted for the purpose of Limitation, then it is established that the applicant bank has filed the case within the limitation period. As such, it is established that present application has been filed well within the period of limitation.

¶64

9- Shri pappu Thakur, Manager of the applicant bank has filed the affidavit in support of contents of application and the documents as evidence and proved on oath the pleadings and documents of the applicant bank as stated above.

¶65

10- Section 19(3) of the Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993 provides that the application u/s S.19 (I) shall be accompanied with true copies of all the documents relied on in support of the claim.

¶66

The rule 12 (10) of the Debt Recovery Tribunal (Procedure) Rules, 1993, provides that if the defendant denies his liability to pay the claim made by the applicant, the tribunal may act upon the affidavit of the applicant who is acquainted with the facts of the case or who has on verification of the record

¶67

vfn'/

¶68

¶69

I]RT. PATNA OA 472 Or 2022i]i

¶70

sworn the affidavit in respect of the contents of the application and the documents as evidence.

¶71

The rule 12 (11) of the aforesaid Rules, provides that the provisions contained in section 4 of the Banker's Books evidence that Act,1891 (18 of 1891) shall apply to a certified copy of an entry in a Banker's Books furnished along with application filed under sub section 1 of section 19 by the applicant.

¶72

Section 4 of Banker's Books evidence that Act,1891 runs as under-

¶73

S.4. Mode Of proof Of entries in bankers' books.-Subject to the provisions Of this Act, a certified copy Of any entry in a banker's book shall in all legal proceedings be received as prima facie evidence Of the existence Of such entry, and shall be admitted as evidence Of. the matters, transactions and accounts therein recorded in every case where, and to the same extent as, the original entry itself is now by low admissible, but not further or othei'wise.

¶74

As such the certified true copies of the documents are admissible in evidence. The statement of account maintained in the ordinary course of business is not only admissible but shall be taken as the correct statement of account, more so since the entries in the statement of account have not been challenged.

¶75

11- On consideration of the arguments and on perusal of the application, documents and affidavit, it is proved that the defendants have applied for loans and the bank had sanctioned the loans and to secure the loans and for repayment of loan amount with interests etc., the defendants have executed various loan documents, as stated in the application and proved by aforesaid evidence. Defendants have neither denied the utilization of funds advanced by applicant bank nor have pointed out any specific error and discrepancy in the Statement of Account.

¶76

12- The applicant bank has sought for recovery ofa sum of Rs.46,29,655.8l with cost and further interest at the contractual rate from 01.04.2022 till realization.

¶77

13- The evidence discussed above goes to establish that the claim made by the applicant bank is genuine and true. It is manifest that the defendants have

¶78

Ofn,/

¶79

¶80

DRT. PATRA QLA 472 or 2o22[Ji

¶81

not disputed the claim, therefore, the claim referred to the tribunal is recoverable till full and final realization of the claim.

¶82

14- In my view, facts of the case stand proved by evidence of the applicant bank. Accordingly, the applicant bank is entitled to recover from defendants jointly and severally of Rs.46,29,655.81 along with pendente-lite and future interest @ 18% p.a. with compounded monthly rests from 26.08.2022 (The date of filing of this OA) till realization. So the final order may be passed accordingly, to meet the ends ofjustice.

¶83

ORDER

¶84

In the result, the application of the applicant bank is, allowed and debt is determined with costs against the defendants. The defendants are hereby j ointly and severally, ordered to pay the applicant bank its debt amounting to Rs.46,29,655.81 along with pendente-lite and future interest @ 18% p.a. with compounded monthly rests from 26.08.2022 (The date of filing of this OA) till realization of the entire sum due and recoverable with costs.

¶85

It is made clear that any amount deposited by the defendants, be deducted in the claim amount, if not deducted.

¶86

Defendants are debaITed from transferring, alienating encumbering or otherwise dealing with or disposing of the mortgaged or hypothecated or any other properties and assets without paying the aforesaid adjudicated dues to the applicant bank to secure the ends of justice. The mortgaged or hypothecated assets to secure the loan in question are hereby attached and shall be subject to the final order under the recovery proceedings in pursuance of the Recovery certificate issued under Section 19(22) of Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act 1993.The applicant may submit the certified copy of this Judgment and the Recovery Certificate before the Registrar/ Sub- registrar to endorse the charge over the secured assets.

¶87

ofn",

¶88

¶89

DRT. PATNA OA 472 ol. 2022IJI

¶90

Let a certificate of recovery be drawn up forthwith and put up for signatures in terms of provisions contained in Section 19(22) of the Act to be issued, on the basis of the order of the Tribunal to the Recovery Officer. The Recovery Officer shall realize the amount as per the certificate in the manner and mode prescribed under the Act from the defendants, by sale of mortgaged/ hypothecated assets as well as other personal moval)le/immoval)le assets of the defendants.

¶91

Parties are directed to appear before the Recovery Officer, DRT, Patna on 16.01.2024. The order be communicated accordingly. Judgment signed, sealed, dated and pronounced in the open court on o7th day of December, 2023 [KaushalendraYadav] Dictated &corrected by me. Presiding Officerjri

¶92

[KaushalendraYadav] Presiding Officerjri Debts Recovery Tribunal, Patna

¶93

DEBTS RECOVERY TRIBUNAL, PATNA

¶94

Date of order or proceeding	Order with the Signature of the Court	Office action taken with date
	OA 472 of 2022
07.12.2023	Judgment written on separate sheets, kept on the case file an
	pronounced. Certificate of recovery be issued to the ld. Recovery Officer fo its execution,

¶95

¶96

0&12.2023

¶97

	Presldstficer
Certificate u/s 19(7 & 22) of the RDB Act, time to time in the form no. 09 of the Rules	1993 as amended from and procedures made
thereunder prepared and signed by me for send	ing it to ld. Recovery
Officer for its execution in accordance with law.	Pre#\O*cer

¶98

FORM NQ,Jl [Sce Regrl3tLOD 24( I )I

¶99

DBBTS RECOVERY TRIBUNAL PATNA

¶100

2ndFloor.W8&FWing)KaxpunTtlakurSedanKendnyaKaramctianPansar(GPOA).AshlaiiaDIghaRoad,Pana-800025.

¶101

BLCNo.778/202±

¶102

IN Case No: OA/472/2022

¶103

in the Mattct of.

¶104

(Bi#i'2sH£F&B£?LKDINGNo8oi432WARDN037 EXI]IBITI0N ROAD

Appl,cunt(s)

PAmlA ,BIHAR u

To,

(CD- 1) WS LUSY ENTERPRISES AND OTHERS .

¶109

apToprictorshipconccmthroughitsProplietorMd.ManzoorAhm

¶110

g:'::g|V§;°mL:3tp6g#'Marketrf°andps-Dagarua.

¶111

(g€oR:Oi#:FT%i£Z#E£°:#G°ARTTTGOA#*)iLIAc,DGRAM-

¶112

M^TWAIL1,WARDNO-10,PANCHAYAT-MAHTl]OUR,P.O. ANDPS.-DAGARUA,DISTRICT-PURNIA,PINCODE-854326, BIHAR, AND ALSO AT-MD. MANZOOR ALAM SON OF LATE MOHAMMAD IDRIS, RESIDING AT TOWN/VIL1,AGE-HAZI MARKET` P.O, AND P.S.- DAGARUA, I)ISTRICT-PURNIA, PIN CODE-854326. BIHAR OPPOSITE-OLD GRAMIN BANK

¶113

Defei`dent(8)

¶114

(CD-.) MOHAMMAD NAZIRUDDIN

¶115

SGORAORTD°#i%E|G£€i°DT\GATTowN/viLLAGE/GRAM MATWAILl, WARD NO- 10, PANCIIAY^T- MAI]THOUR, P.O ANDP.S-DAGARUA.DISTRICT-PURNIA,PINCODE-854326 BIHAR

¶116

(sCoR6)F'sDARIMSsH#AREE§#3#T°%%#ELAGE/GRAM-

¶117

MATWAiLi, MAIHOuR` GULBBAc,H, DisTRIor-puRNiA. PIN OC)DE-854326 BIHAR.

¶118

tsco¥6)FMrfuig#;#¥#QNUETodsM,gT{8%foRi

¶119

TowNrvlLLAGE/GRAM- MATWAILi. WARD No- I o. pANciiAyAT-MAHTHOun, p.O AND p.s.. DAGARUA,

¶120

DISTRICT-PURNIA, PIN CODE- 854326 BIHAR

¶121

B±LIrfup9iajftyLsdLma]kertyLnnLEiHLADdi±gtryLQDfmyJ

¶122

Intemsoffinalorderdeted07/12/2023passedbythisTribunalmtheabovent:ntionedcase,itisorderodthattheApplicantCertificateHolder BackisentltledtoiecoverasumofRs4629655.81alongwithcost,expensesandlnlereslfromthe26/08/20221.e.dateot`t-illng/withel]ectlve dateOftheOA/472/2022andfufureinterestfromorderdatetiHthedateofrealisationinful1,jointlyo[severallyfromtheCertificateDebtors,

¶123

heremafterroferredtoas.- _____ _ . ___ ._ .. _ _ .._. __ . ...'ItI,I

¶124

S,.no	CD Name	In'.Typl,Met,,	[n'. ,Rate	, Efreslive ,I)ate	Iorder	I)ateI Amount(Rs.)I	''	nereB ,(asOnOrderDale	) I RCAmounqRs.)	,Rema,kjl
'1	WS LUSY ENTERPRISES ANI) OIHERS	CompoundIn'ercs'(Monthly)	18	26ro8t2022 I	^.	^,,		In,a.esl ,AsonOrderDateIn'er	esl 4629655.81	i,i
	MD, MANZ00R ALAM(PROPRIETOR/GUARANTOR/MORTGAGOR)	Compound Interest(Montr,ly )	'8	Z6/08/2022	^07/12/202	^{3,4629655 81}	Jo,n'lyAna Sev¢mlly	l Asol, IO,derDate,'nt	eres'462965581	,
3	MOHAMMAD NAZIRUDI)IN(GUARANTOR/MORTGAcOR)	CompoundInteles'Monthly)	!8	26;08re022 I	^{o7/I 2,2o2}	^{3 ,4629655.8 I}	JointlyAnd[Scvcrany	Ag ')n IorderDateIIn,	c'es,4629655 81	_i
4	IDRISI] (GUARANTOR/MORTGAcOR)	CompoundI'\torest(Monthly)	18	: 26/o8rao22		`. .` .	Jom'lyA'1dSeverally	As or'IorderDateIInterest	14629655 81
5	MD,ISRAIL(GUARANTOR/MORTGAGOR)	Compound'l\teres'(Monthly)	18	26/o8rao22	^{I 7/12/202}	^{3 '462965$81}	Jom'lyisc:vderally	AsonOrderDote	I 62?655.81

¶125

the lnort=:e#y;::reeca:°d aps::tst£: waeiir=moe#:'r°;eedrso::!u£;Ova::fct #°m:;abT:¥set?:t #ey:erts.:.,::.esdheaj:ofe rec°Vend from the sale of Themortgagedorhypothecatedas§etstose~theloaninq``estionareherebyattachedandshanbesubjecttothefmalorderunderthc recoveryproceedinglnpursuanceoftheRecoverycertificateissuedunderSeetion19(22)otRecoveryot`DebtsandBankruptcyAct1993 ParfuesaredirecrdtoappearbeforeMANorKUMAR.RecovgryOn.Ic.r,DEBTSRECOVERYTRIBUNALPATNAonI6/01/2024

¶126

TheRecoveryOfficershanrealiaetheamoulitaspertl`isCertificateinthermnnerandmodeprescribedunderSeetions25to28ofthe RecoveryofDebtsDuetoBanksandFinancialhstitution§Act,1993(asanendedfromtimetotime)fromtheabovenalnedCertificateDebtors.

¶127

ThisCelliflcatehasbeenissuedundermysignaturearldsealoftheTr.bunalonthi§08/12ra023

¶128

HZZZI I'RESIDING OFFICER DEBTs REcovERv TRIBUNAL pATr`iA

¶129

FORM NO. lQ

¶130

[See Regulation 24(2)]

¶131

I)EBTS RECOVERY TRIBUNAL PATNA

¶132

2nd Floor, (A. 8 & F Wing) Kaxpuri Thakur Sadan, Kendriya Karamchari Parisar

¶133

(GPOA), Ashiana Digha Road, Patna-800025.

¶134

--~"~~~,~~ ! ~____,,!iv~~~___,~~ ~~___..~,~ ~_,~~~~ _RA_...^ ~r.~_A_-__iv~~ -",~!~ _.-iv-.-,_

¶135

SCHEDULE TO RECOVERY CERTIFICATE

MEMO 0F COSTS

E±= No. 778/2023_

Case No: OA/472/2022

Applicant(s): HDFC BANK

¶141

Versus

¶142

Defendant(s): M/S LUSY ENTERPRISES AND OTHERS

¶143

Sr. No.	-`` 11111111111111I11-Feeontheapplication-	Amp-upt_fn a_;_-. = I149000J ------~~~
I.	,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,_	,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,_. . _
2.	Process Fees(Inc. Publication)	J0
3.	Advocate Fees	EL
!4,	CommissionerAeceiverIvaluation/Security Fee	_ OJ
5.	Miscellaneous Charges	0
	Total Costs: Rs.	I.,,,

¶144

Place: PATNA

¶145

Date: 08/12/2023

¶146

PRESI L.;", FICER DEBTS RECOVERY TRIBUNAL PATNA

¶147

Note: Strike out whichever is not applicable

Hdfc Bank v. M/s Lusy Enterprises and Others

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

Hdfc Bank v. M/s Lusy Enterprises and Others

Case brief

What is this about?

What did the court decide?

What the court decided

A compact analysis

Issues for consideration

Statutes considered

Parties & counsel

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Case details

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