Allowed¶17

Iqbal Ahamad & Ors. v. State NCT of Delhi and Anr.

Delhi HC30 Apr 2026CRL.M.C./8005/2025

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

CRL.M.C. 8005/2025, High Court of Delhi (Prateek Jalan, J., 30.04.2026): FIR No. 169/2021, P.S. Tigri (Sections 498A/406/34 IPC) quashed under Section 528 BNSS / Section 482 CrPC on the basis of a voluntary settlement of Rs. 8,76,000/- and dissolution of the marriage; relied on Gian Singh v. State of Punjab, (2012) 10 SCC 303 and Narinder Singh v. State of Punjab, (2014) 6 SCC 466; petition allowed, parties bound by settlement terms.

What did the court decide?

Quashing of FIR No. 169/2021 dated 07.05.2021 registered at Police Station Tigri under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC and all consequential proceedings arising therefrom; parties bound by the terms of the settlement. ¶17

Iqbal Ahamad & Ors. Vs State NCT of Delhi and Anr. — Dowry and Cruelty | Delhi HC (2026)

What the court decided

AI extract

Outcome

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Issue for consideration

Whether FIR No. 169/2021 dated 07.05.2021 registered at Police Station Tigri under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC, and all proceedings emanating therefrom, should be quashed on the ground of settlement between the parties. +1 more

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Court's answer

With the balance settlement amount having been handed over to respondent No. 2 in Court, there was no impediment in granting the relief sought.

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Ratio / Principle

Applying the tests laid down by the Supreme Court, the proceedings (arising out of a matrimonial relationship already culminated in divorce) showed that respondent No. 2 categorically affirmed the voluntary nature of the settlement; the criminal proceedings were unlikely to result in conviction and their continuation would be an empty formality.

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Key takeaways

The petition is allowed and FIR No. 169/2021, dated 07.05.2021, registered at Police Station Tigri, under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC, alongwith all consequential proceedings arising therefrom, is hereby quashed.ratio¶17
The parties will remain bound by the terms of the settlement.ratio¶18

Detailed headnote1 paragraphs

Delhi High Court (Prateek Jalan, J.), CRL.M.C. 8005/2025, decided 30.04.2026. Petition under Section 528 BNSS (corresponding to Section 482 CrPC) by Iqbal Ahamad & Ors. seeking quashing of FIR No. 169/2021, dated 07.05.2021, P.S. Tigri, under Sections 498A/406/34 IPC, lodged at the instance of respondent No. 2 (wife of petitioner No. 1) through the Crime Against Women Cell; charge sheet filed against the petitioners. Parties settled all disputes through the Mediation Centre, Saket Courts (settlement dated 26.05.2025); marriage dissolved per personal laws; settlement sum of Rs. 8,76,000/- fully paid (Rs. 6,76,000/- earlier received, balance Rs. 2,00,000/- handed over in Court). Relying on Gian Singh v. State of Punjab, (2012) 10 SCC 303 and Narinder Singh v. State of Punjab, (2014) 6 SCC 466, the Court found that the proceedings arose out of a matrimonial relationship culminated in divorce, the settlement was voluntary, conviction was unlikely and continuation would be an empty formality, notwithstanding Section 498A IPC being non-compoundable. Petition allowed; FIR and all consequential proceedings quashed; parties bound by settlement terms.

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$~36 Q

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

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- CRL.M.C. 8005/2025

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IQBAL AHAMAD & ORS. .....Petitioners Through: Mr. Sohail Sharma and Ms. Renu Bhardwaj, Advs.

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versus

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STATE NCT OF DELHI AND ANR .....Respondents Through: Mr. Hitesh Vali, APP SI Bachchu Ram Mr. Saleem Malik, Advocate for R-2.

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CORAM: HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE PRATEEK JALAN

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O R D E R

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% 30.04.2026

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The petitioners have filed this petition under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 [“BNSS”] (corresponding to Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 [“CrPC”]) seeking quashing of FIR No. 169/2021, dated 07.05.2021, registered at Police Station Tigri, under Sections 498A/406/34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 [“IPC”], and all proceedings emanating therefrom, on the ground of settlement.

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Issue notice. Mr. Hitesh Vali, learned Additional Public Prosecutor, accepts notice on behalf of the State. Mr. Saleem Malik, learned counsel, accepts notice on behalf of respondent No. 2.

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The petitioners are present in Court, and are identified by their learned counsel, as well as by the Investigating Officer [“IO”].

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Page 1 of 6

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CRL.M.C. 8005/2025

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 04/05/2026 at 11:54:10

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Respondent No. 2 is also present in Court, and is identified by her learned counsel and the IO.

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The petition is taken up for disposal with the consent of learned counsel for the parties.

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The impugned FIR is registered at the instance of respondent No. 2, who was the wife of petitioner No. 1. Petitioner Nos. 3 and 4 are the parents of petitioner No. 1. Petitioner No. 2 is the brother of petitioner No. 1.

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The petitioner No. 1 and respondent No. 2 were married on 02.02.2018. No child was born from the wedlock. Due to matrimonial discord and temperamental differences between the parties, they have been living separately since 07.07.2019.

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Respondent No. 2 lodged a formal complaint before the Crime Against Women Cell, on the basis of which the impugned FIR was registered against her husband, her parents-in-law, brother-in-law, and three sisters-in-law.

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A charge sheet has been filed against the petitioners. The three sisters-in-law of respondent No. 2 were not charge sheeted.

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During the pendency of the proceedings, the parties have settled all their disputes under the aegis of the Mediation Centre, Saket Courts, Delhi, by way of a settlement dated 26.05.2025.

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Learned counsel for the parties confirm that the settlement has been entered into voluntarily and without any coercion or undue pressure.

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Pursuant to the settlement, the marriage has been dissolved in accordance with the personal laws.

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In light of the aforesaid, parties seek quashing of the impugned

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Page 2 of 6

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CRL.M.C. 8005/2025

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 04/05/2026 at 11:54:10

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FIR.

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Although the offence under Section 498A of IPC is noncompoundable, the Supreme Court has clearly held that, in certain circumstances, the High Courts, in exercise of their powers under Section 528 of BNSS (corresponding to Section 482 of CrPC), can quash criminal proceedings, even with respect to non-compoundable offences, on the ground that there is a compromise between the accused and the complainant, especially when no overarching public interest is adversely affected.

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The Supreme Court, in Gian Singh v. State of Punjab & Anr.¹ has held as follows:

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“ 58. Where the High Court quashes a criminal proceeding having regard to the fact that the dispute between the offender and the victim has been settled although the offences are not compoundable, it does so as in its opinion, continuation of criminal proceedings will be an exercise in futility and justice in the case demands that the dispute between the parties is put to an end and peace is restored; securing the ends of justice being the ultimate guiding factor. No doubt, crimes are acts which have harmful effect on the public and consist in wrongdoing that seriously endangers and threatens the well-being of the society and it is not safe to leave the crime-doer only because he and the victim have settled the dispute amicably or that the victim has been paid compensation, yet certain crimes have been made compoundable in law, with or without the permission of the court. In respect of serious offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc., or other offences of mental depravity under IPC or offences of moral turpitude under special statutes, like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity, the settlement between the offender and the victim can have no legal sanction at all. However, certain offences which overwhelmingly and predominantly bear civil flavour having arisen out of civil, mercantile, commercial, financial, partnership or such like transactions or the offences arising out of matrimony, particularly relating to dowry, etc. or the family dispute, where the wrong is basically to the victim and the offender and the

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1 (2012) 10 SCC 303.

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Page 3 of 6

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CRL.M.C. 8005/2025

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This is a digitally signed order. The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 04/05/2026 at 11:54:10

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victim have settled all disputes between them amicably, irrespective of the fact that such offences have not been made compoundable, the High Court may within the framework of its inherent power, quash the criminal proceeding or criminal complaint or FIR if it is satisfied that on the face of such settlement, there is hardly any likelihood of the offender being convicted and by not quashing the criminal proceedings, justice shall be casualty and ends of justice shall be defeated. The above list is illustrative and not exhaustive. Each case will depend on its own facts and no hard-and-fast category can be prescribed. ”²

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Further, in Narinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Anr.³ , the Supreme Court has also laid down guidelines for High Courts while accepting settlement deeds between parties and quashing the proceedings. The relevant observations in the said decision read as under:

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“29. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we sum up and lay down the following principles by which the High Court would be guided in giving adequate treatment to the settlement between the parties and exercising its power under Section 482 of the Code while accepting the settlement and quashing the proceedings or refusing to accept the settlement with direction to continue with the criminal proceedings:

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29.1. Power conferred under Section 482 of the Code is to be distinguished from the power which lies in the Court to compound the offences under Section 320 of the Code. No doubt, under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court has inherent power to quash the criminal proceedings even in those cases which are not compoundable, where the parties have settled the matter between themselves. However, this power is to be exercised sparingly and with caution.

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29.2. When the parties have reached the settlement and on that basis petition for quashing the criminal proceedings is filed, the guiding factor in such cases would be to secure: (i) ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court.

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While exercising the power the High Court is to form an opinion on either of the aforesaid two objectives.

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2 Emphasis supplied.

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3 (2014) 6 SCC 466.

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Page 4 of 6

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CRL.M.C. 8005/2025

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29.3. Such a power is not to be exercised in those prosecutions which involve heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, for the offences alleged to have been committed under special statute like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity are not to be quashed merely on the basis of compromise between the victim and the offender.

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29.4. On the other hand, those criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominantly civil character, particularly those arising out of commercial transactions or arising out of matrimonial relationship or family disputes should be quashed when the parties have resolved their entire disputes among themselves .

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29.5. While exercising its powers, the High Court is to examine as to whether the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal cases would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal cases.”⁴

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In the present case, the proceedings between the parties arise out of a matrimonial relationship, which has already culminated in a decree of divorce. Applying the tests laid down by the Supreme Court, it may be observed that the respondent No. 2 has also categorically affirmed the voluntary nature of the settlement before the Court. In these circumstances, the criminal proceedings are unlikely to result in conviction, and its continuation would be an empty formality, adding to the burden of the justice system and consuming public resources unnecessarily.

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The settlement contemplates payment of a sum of Rs. 8,76,000/- to respondent No. 2, out of which Rs. 6,76,000/- has already been received by her. The balance amount, i.e., Rs. 2,00,000/-, has been handed over to

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4 Emphasis supplied.

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Page 5 of 6

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CRL.M.C. 8005/2025

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 04/05/2026 at 11:54:10

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respondent No. 2 in Court today. There is therefore no impediment in granting the relief sought.

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Having regard to the above discussion, the petition is allowed, and FIR No. 169/2021, dated 07.05.2021, registered at Police Station Tigri, under Sections 498A/406/34 of the IPC, alongwith all consequential proceedings arising therefrom, is hereby quashed.

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