Allowed

Anil Kumar and Ors. v. the State (Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi) and Anr.

Delhi HC16 Sept 2026CRL.M.C./4298/2026

Case brief

AI extract

What is this about?

The Delhi High Court quashed an FIR registered under Sections 498-A, 406, 34 IPC after the parties, who were divorced by mutual consent, executed a settlement deed and the complainant stated she did not want any action against the petitioners. The State did not oppose the quashing. The court applied the principles from Gian Singh, Narinder Singh, and Vijay Kumar Kela, holding that where a genuine compromise renders conviction remote and continuation of proceedings would be an abuse of process, the High Court may exercise its inherent powers under Section 482 CrPC (Section 528 BNSS) to quash the proceedings.

What did the court decide?

FIR No. 772/2021 under Sections 498-A, 406, 34 IPC and all consequential proceedings quashed.

Anil Kumar and Ors. Vs the State (Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi)… — Dowry and Cruelty | Delhi HC (2026)

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$~29

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

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CNR No. DLHC010249052026

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- CRL.M.C. 4298/2026 and CRL.M.A. 17351/2026

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ANIL KUMAR AND ORS

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.....Petitioner Through: Mr. Johri Mal, Advocate along with petitioner nos. 1, 2 and 3 (physically) and Petitioner nos. 4, 5, 6 and 7 (virtually)

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versus

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THE STATE (GOVT. OF N.C.T. OF DELHI) AND ANR

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.....Respondent Through: Ms. Kiran Bairwa, APP for State. SI Raj Kumar, P.S: Alipur. Respondent no.2 in person.

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CORAM:

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HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE PURUSHAINDRA KUMAR KAURAV O R D E R % 16.09.2026

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The petition is for the quashment of the FIR No. 772/2021 for offence under Section 498-A/406/34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) registered at Police Station Alipur, Delhi.

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The petitioner nos. 1, 2, 3 and respondent no.2 are present physically while the remaining petitioners are appearing through Video Conferencing and they have been identified by the Investigating Officer of the case as well as by the respective counsel.

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 19/09/2026 at 11:08:52

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The facts of the case would indicate that marriage between the petitioner no. 1 and respondent no. 2 was solemnized on 02.05.2018 as per Hindu rites and customs. Out of their wedlock, they have one child namely Master Keshave Pal.

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It appears that the dispute in question arose out of a matrimonial discord between petitioner no.1 and respondent no.2, and they started to live separately. Thereafter, the FIR in question was lodged by respondent no.2 against the petitioners. The marriage between the parties stands dissolved by way of a divorce decree by mutual consent.

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It is submitted that both the parties have amicably settled their disputes by way of a settlement deed dated 17.12.2025 which is on record. 6. As part of the settlement, the remaining amount of Rs. 1,10,000/- has been paid to respondent no.2 during the course of hearing by way of a demand draft bearing no. 341134 dated 14.09.2026 drawn on Canara Bank. 7. Respondent no.2 does not want any action against the petitioners in view of the settlement. She has made her statement voluntarily of her own accord without any coercion or pressure. 8. On behalf of the State there is no opposition in quashing of the FIR in question in view of the settlement arrived at between the petitioners and the respondent no.2 and the statement of the respondent no.2.

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Despite certain offences being classified as non-compoundable under the IPC, in exercise of powers conferred under Section 482 of the CrPC (Section 528 BNSS), High Courts have proceeded to quash such proceedings on account of a settlement between the parties. In Gian Singh

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 19/09/2026 at 11:08:52

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v. State of Punjab ,¹ the Court recognized that such an approach serves the ends of justice by bringing the litigation to an end, preventing its needless continuation, and acknowledging that following the compromise, the likelihood of conviction has become remote and bleak.

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The conditions and pre-requisits for compounding were elaborated in Narinder Singh v. State of Punjab ,² and the following were deemed necessary before quashing the proceedings on the basis of a settlement/compromise:

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i. There should hardly be any likelihood of the offender being convicted, given the compromise that took place between the parties. Particularly, so in disputes that are predominantly civil in nature, for instance those arising from commercial transactions, matrimonial relationships, or family matters, a genuine compromise may render the possibility of conviction remote and bleak;

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ii. By not quashing the criminal proceedings, justice shall be the casualty and ends of justice shall be defeated. Where continuation of proceedings despite settlement is unfair, unjust, or an abuse of process, quashing may be allowed to secure the ends of justice; and

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iii. The timing of the compromise also becomes relevant, quashing may be considered at the investigation or early-trial stage, but is ordinarily declined once evidence is substantially complete or conviction has been recorded.

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1 (2012) 10 SCC 303.

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2 (2014) 6 SCC 466.

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 19/09/2026 at 11:08:52

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The aforesaid proposition was refined in Vijay Kumar Kela v. CBI ,³ to clarify that, ultimately, it is facts and circumstances of each case that determine the compoundability of proceedings and no straight-jacket formula can be prescribed. It was also noted that before exercising powers under Section 482 of the CrPC (Section 528 BNSS), the Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the crime.

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However, the Court clarified that compounding on the basis of a purported settlement cannot take place where– first , heinous offences affecting the society at large are in question; and second , a compromise between the parties cannot quash corruption or official duty offences.⁴

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Specifically, it may also be noted that while the offence of rape is ordinarily non-compoundable,⁵ however, in cases where marriage has subsequently taken place and the parties are residing together quashment on the basis of a settlement has been allowed. The principle adopted for such a quashment is that the same is required in the interest of justice and to do complete justice;⁶ and such an exercise is undertaken where despite the seriousness of the offence, the facts do not disclose such elements of public interest or heinous criminality, as to necessitate the continuation of criminal proceedings.⁷

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Further, where proceedings for the offence of rape along with allegations under the Prevention of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (“ POCSO ”) are sought to be quashed. Courts have allowed quashment

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3 2026 SCC OnLine SC 1003.

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4 (2012) 10 SCC 303.

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5 Ibid .

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6 Sandeep Singh Thakur v. State of M.P. , 2025 SCC OnLine SC 2927, para. 16.

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7 Mr. Vishal & Ors v. The State Of Nct of Delhi , CRL.M.C. 2584/2026 & CRL.M.A.

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 19/09/2026 at 11:08:52

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for instance where the parties have married and a child has also been born. The underlying rationale to justify such a quashment is that if the FIR is not quashed, it will adversely affect the minor child who needs protection and care from his parents, and destroy the lives of three individuals, the couple and the new born.⁸

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Weightage is also given to circumstance where no criminal intent is involved in the act and it not a case where there was a forceful physical relationship with the minor child on the date of incident.⁹ The overarching concern of the Courts have always remained that quashing of such proceedings on account of compromise would bring about peace and would secure ends of justice.¹⁰

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Similarly, the offence of attempt to murder is ordinarily noncompoundable. The Supreme Court¹¹ has cautioned that the High Court should not reject the plea of compounding the offence mechanically and must take note that the mere mention of Section 307 IPC in the FIR or framing of the charge is not conclusive. It remains open to the Court to consider if the said provision has been added for the sake of it or there is “ sufficient evidence ” to frame charge under this provision. Considering the nature of injury sustained, whether such injury is inflicted on the vital/delicate parts of the body, nature of weapons used, etc., in certain circumstances, quashing of even such a offence, is permissible. However,

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10512/2026.

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8 Harmeet Singh v. State of NCT of Delhi , 2026:DHC:3142, Mr. Sujit Kumar v. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi) , CRL.M.C. 7406/2024, CRL.M.A. 28277/2024 & CRL.M.A. 28278/2024.

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9 Moeed Ahamad v. State (NCT of Delhi) , 2024 SCC OnLine Del 8119, para 16 10 Ibid ., para 17.

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11 State of M.P. v. Laxmi Narayan , (2019) 5 SCC 688, para 15.4.

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 19/09/2026 at 11:08:52

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such an exercise by the HC would be permissible only after the evidence is collected after investigation and the charge-sheet is filed/charge is framed and/or during the trial.

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Further, dacoity and robbery are ordinarily non-compoundable. However, the Court while taking into consideration the facts of the case, the compromise arrived at between the parties, and considering the affidavits by each one of the petitioners by way of joint application, may in appropriate cases, exercise its inherent jurisdiction to quash the criminal proceedings arising from such offences¹² and may also reduced the sentence imposed while maintaining the conviction.¹³

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For the offence of cheating and forgery where the dispute is predominantly civil, investigation is pending for a long time, and where the complainant, including a bank, has been satisfied that the claims have been satisfied due to compromise on receiving payments, the Court has also considered the settlement while exercising its jurisdiction to bring the criminal proceedings to an end.¹⁴ Notably, in such cases, the factum of the possibility of conviction being remote and bleak owing to the settlement, also becomes a material factor, while considering the question of quashment.

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In view of the aforesaid and bearing in mind the nature of the dispute, the settlement between the parties and the principles laid down by the Supreme Court in the aforesaid decisions, the FIR No. 772/2021 for offence under Section 498-A/406/34 of the IPC registered at Police Station Alipur,

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12 Aftab Khan v. State (NCT of Delhi) & Anr. , Crl.M.C. 4814/2015

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13 Unnikrishnan v. State of Kerala , (2018) 15 SCC 343.

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14 CBI v. Duncans Agro Industries Ltd ., (1996) 5 SCC 591 and Nikhil Merchant v. CBI ,

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This is a digitally signed order.

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The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 19/09/2026 at 11:08:52

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Delhi, and all consequential proceedings emanating therefrom against the petitioners are thus quashed.

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The Court, however, has not adjudicated regarding any right of the child.

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The petition stands disposed of. Pending application also stands disposed of.

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PURUSHAINDRA KUMAR KAURAV, J

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SEPTEMBER 16, 2026 aks

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(2008) 9 SCC 677.

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This is a digitally signed order. The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 19/09/2026 at 11:08:52

Anil Kumar and Ors. v. the State (Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi) and Anr.

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Anil Kumar and Ors. v. the State (Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi) and Anr.

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